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He signed the historic free trade agreement with the United States and Mexico but was shadowed by scandal. Brian Mulroney, Canada's 18th prime minister, whose statesmanship on what he called [...]

Handpicked by his socialist predecessor, Julius K. Nyerere, Mr. Mwinyi was credited with reforms, among them permitting the sale of mobile phones and computers. Ali Hassan Mwinyi, a schoolteacher turned [...]

The fourth Baron Rothschild, he left the family banking dynasty to start his own company, becoming a powerful financier, patron of the arts and philanthropist. Jacob Rothschild, a wealthy financier, [...]

He made strides to end the sectarian violence that plagued Northern Ireland through the 1990s by collaborating with both Britain and the Irish Republican Army. John Bruton, a former Irish [...]

He documented the cruelties of white South African rule, and he was made to pay for it, enduring beatings and 586 consecutive days in solitary confinement. Peter Magubane, a Black [...]

An important figure in the reunification of East and West Germany, he played a key role in shaping German politics for decades and was once seen as a likely chancellor. [...]

He was defense minister when Iraq invaded his tiny but oil-rich country, and he became ruler in his 80s. Sheikh Nawaf al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, the emir of Kuwait who took [...]

The wife of the Labour leader Neil Kinnock, she carved her own leftist identity with a seat in the European Parliament and as a British government minister. Glenys Kinnock, a [...]

As the government's chief financial cabinet member, he helped stave off a broader economic collapse amid the global turmoil set off in 2008 Alistair Darling, a British lawmaker and cabinet [...]

A former president of Finland, he played a prominent role in talks that led to independence for Namibia and an end to ''the Troubles'' in Northern Ireland. Martti Ahtisaari, a [...]

Adamantly progressive, openly gay and politically fearless, he cast a sharp eye on the country's post-apartheid politics and culture. Eusebius McKaiser, a South African writer and broadcaster who focused a [...]

An Australian, he assisted South African dissidents like the journalist Donald Woods, whose story was told in the movie ''Cry Freedom.'' Bruce Haigh, an Australian diplomat who brushed aside the [...]

He denied that he was Stakeknife, the code name of a high-ranking British mole in the Irish Republican Army during the Northern Ireland conflict. He died as he lived, in [...]

As chancellor of the Exchequer, he helped lift Britain with tax cuts and other Conservative measures -- the ''Lawson Boom'' -- but harder times followed, and he resigned in bitterness. [...]

As a member of the White Rose, a small anti-Nazi resistance group, she used peaceful tactics to try persuading Germans to turn against Hitler. Traute Lafrenz, the last survivor of [...]

Mr. Musharraf took power in a bloodless coup in late 1999 but resigned under threat of impeachment in 2008. He drew fire for his ties to Washington. Pervez Musharraf, the [...]

By turns elusive and confessional in public, she used dark satire to explore the divides between men and women. LONDON -- Fay Weldon, a British novelist and dramatist who explored [...]

For 70 years, Elizabeth II was the anchor of a nation's identity. Charles III now will take on, or recast, that role. LONDON -- It has become a kind of [...]

She ruled for seven decades, unshakably committed to the rituals of her role amid epic social and economic change and family scandal. LONDON -- Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-serving monarch, [...]

A radicalized Egyptian physician, he was regarded as the intellectual spine of Osama bin Laden's terrorist organization, and ran it after Bin Laden was killed in 2011. Ayman al-Zawahri, the [...]

A onetime Protestant firebrand, he surprised adversaries when he helped broker peace in Northern Ireland with the Good Friday pact of 1998. LONDON -- David Trimble, a onetime Protestant firebrand [...]

As a founder of La Repubblica, one of the country's major newspapers, and later as a columnist, he left a mark on civic life. Eugenio Scalfari, one of Italy's best-known [...]

As Angola's president for 38 years, Mr. dos Santos ended the country's civil war. He also launched an economic boom, but it mainly benefited his family and friends. José Eduardo [...]

Colquhoun campaigned for women's rights in Britain's male-dominated Parliament. But her political career came to an end when she was outed as a lesbian. This article is part of Overlooked, [...]

In provocative, sometimes linguistically playful experimental fiction, a Vienna-born American traced the complex interplay of modern Germany and its Nazi past. Walter Abish, a widely admired if not widely read [...]

The events themselves took a matter of minutes to unfold in a paroxysm of one-sided gunfire that snuffed out more than a dozen lives, each one of them a new [...]

A former South Africa bureau chief for The Times recalls telling moments with the anti-apartheid religious leader. Alan Cowell was the South Africa bureau chief for The New York Times [...]

His work -- difficult and often contentious -- was likened to the prose of James Joyce for its sense of place. He was also a translator of ancient texts, including [...]

His work -- difficult and often contentious -- was likened to the prose of James Joyce for its sense of place. He was also a translator of ancient texts, including [...]

The iconoclastic niece of Winston Churchill, she was married to Prime Minister Anthony Eden, who was at the helm during the Suez crisis. LONDON -- Clarissa Eden, an elegant and [...]

He campaigned for human rights during the Soviet era and continued his activism in the post-Communist years under Boris A. Yeltsin and Vladimir V. Putin. Sergei A. Kovalev, a dogged [...]

''The recording angel of the common soldier,'' she chronicled the war in seven books from the soldiers' perspective, drawing on 600 interviews with veterans. Mistakenly, they called it the war [...]

The prince's death is the monarchy's dress rehearsal for the far more consequential passing of the queen, a reckoning that seems likely to reverberate in British history. LONDON -- Elizabeth [...]

Known widely among Kenyans as Mama Sarah, Ms. Obama was seen as the matriarch of Barack Obama's extended family in Africa. Sarah Onyango Obama, the stepgrandmother of former President Barack [...]

An author, physician and champion of equal rights, she was jailed by Anwar Sadat for her activism against the Egyptian government. Nawal el Saadawi, an Egyptian author, activist and physician [...]

LONDON -- LONDON -- The numbers may be trending downward, but the battle is no less intense. In the land of Churchill, it is likened sometimes to war, the Covid [...]

One of the resident birds at the Tower of London is feared to have died. Legend says at least six must be kept there, or the nation will fall. LONDON [...]

Alan Cowell, a longtime New York Times correspondent, recalls a different Europe, one of currency controls, cumbersome paperwork and burdensome cross-border regulations. LONDON -- An image from my sepia-toned memory [...]

Representing Nelson and Winnie Mandela among many others, Ms. Jana fought for equality in South Africa both in and out of the courtroom. Priscilla Jana, a forthright human rights lawyer [...]

He parachuted into occupied France and became an assistant to the legendary Jean Moulin, though only later did he learn Moulin's true identity. Daniel Cordier, one of the last surviving [...]

The 1974 bombings of two pubs, killing 21 people, have become a case of justice long delayed and an enduring symbol of The Troubles. LONDON -- The police have arrested [...]

From a newspaper perch, he championed the British ''elite,'' lamented the decline of ''the gentleman'' and made headlines himself with a word that can't be quoted. LONDON -- Peregrine Worsthorne, [...]

A champion of human rights, he represented his client and friend in the so-called Rivonia trial of leaders of the African National Congress in the 1960s. George Bizos, who fled [...]

She championed the advancement of women in business, and, in a career studded with precedent-setting appointments, she set her own example. LONDON -- Barbara Judge, a high-flying American-British lawyer, banker [...]

He gained rare entree into segregated Black communities and took pictures that bookended the career of Nelson Mandela. Jürgen Schadeberg, a German-born photographer who survived the turmoil of wartime Berlin [...]

Her family became a target of South Africa's security police, facing ''constant surveillance, death threats, phone bugging,'' but she fought on. Nyameka Goniwe, an activist, politician and social worker who [...]

The politician's campaign for peace was seen as a driving force behind an end to 25 years of sectarian conflict in the territory. John Hume, a moderate Roman Catholic politician [...]

He was a convicted co-defendant with Mr. Mandela at the Rivonia Trial of 1964, which exposed to the world the injustices of South Africa's segregationist policies. Andrew Mlangeni, the last [...]

Mr. Mlangeni was a convicted co-defendant with Mr. Mandela at the Rivonia Trial of 1964, which focused a global spotlight on the segregationist policies of South Africa. Andrew Mlangeni, the [...]

Her novel ''The Long Journey of Poppie Nongena'' was compared to Alan Paton's ''Cry, the Beloved Country'' in arousing white opinion against apartheid. She had Covid-19. This obituary is part [...]