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In brief: Heel pain is the most common symptom of plantar fasciitis. It is most noticeable while taking the first few steps in the morning and usually occurs with each step while running, although some people have pain only after running. Treatment options include stretching, ice massage, taping, high-voltage galvanic stimulation and phonophoresis, anti-inflammatory medication, and orthoses. If symptoms are resistant to conservative treatment, surgery may be required.

In brief Corticosteroid injections are sometimes used to treat Achilles tendinitis after conservative measures such as anti-inflammatory medications, rest, ice massage, and immobilization have failed. Some research suggests that corticosteroid injections can lead to tendon rupture, though other investigations have not shown a correlation. A case report detailing partial Achilles tendon rupture after corticosteroid injection renews concern about the risks of this treatment.

In brief Chronic pain at the acromioclavicular (AC) joint can suggest several diagnoses. When evaluating a patient's pain and range-of-motion deficits, remember that an AC joint can be the sole source of discomfort. The physical exam can help rule out impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear, scapular winging, and systemic disorders; radiographs can help exclude other pathologies. Most patients respond to conservative treatment: anti-inflammatory medications, ice massage, and activity modification. However, pain that persists 6 months or longer may warrant surgery.

In brief Shin splints, or more precisely, medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), are painful and troublesome. Despite treatment or activity modification, they often recur. Distinguishing MTSS, the most common running overuse injury, from other overuse injuries can help focus treatment, which starts conservatively. Recommending activity modification, ice massage, NSAIDs, and stretching is a good first step. Patients who don't respond to treatment may need additional diagnostic workup and more restrictive activity guidelines.