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This paper deals with the effect of defect size and shape under high cycle fatigue for metallic alloys. A large simulation campaign based on a multiaxial fatigue criterion and a non-local approach is presented. A relative defect size based on a ratio between the defect size and a characteristic length introduced by the non-local approach is defined. A normalized Kitagawa–Takahashi diagram is then obtained. A competition between the highly stressed volume size and the local maxima due to the defect is observed and seem dependent on the relative defect size. The effect of the loading mode (uniaxial and pure shear) and of the plasticity are discussed. Finally, a comparison of the simulation results with experimental data on a 316L L-PBF demonstrates the robustness of the proposed approach and explains the negligible effect of the defect morphology compared to its size. • The effect of defect size and shape under high cycle fatigue is investigated. • A multiaxial fatigue criteria with a non-local approach is applied. • A competition between the highly stressed volume and the local maxima is underlined. • A simulated normalized Kitagawa–Takahashi diagram is proposed. • The effect of the loading mode and the plasticity is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]