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The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the regional vegetation change on the seasonal surface air temperature and is performed using the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model. The research area is located in the Pannonian Basin and is one of many regions in which the anthropogenic impact on geophysical changes in the environment is significant. The vegetation system in this region is constantly changing, and its impact on the Earth’s climate system is very complicated to present. The study covers a 10-year period from years 2002 until 2011, and it shows that the change in percentage between certain types of vegetation leads to heating and cooling of surface air during the summer season. The highest cooling is in the northern area of the Pannonian Basin, which is approximately − 0.3 (°C/year) while in the central area is around − 0.1 (°C/year). Warming occurs only in the southern area, where the air heating trend coefficient is 0.1 (°C/year). The largest vegetation cover changes are made in the northern area while smaller ones in the central and southern. These changes in vegetation cover lead to an increase of surface albedo in the northern and central areas, while in the southern there is a decrease. It also has been shown that these changes in vegetation cover affected the surface sensible heat flux and total cloud cover.

© 2017, Springer-Verlag Wien. Seasonal prevailing surface winds are analyzed in the territory of Northern Serbia, using observational data from 12 meteorological stations over several decades. In accordance with the general definition of prevailing wind, two special definitions of this term are used. The seasonal wind roses in 16 directions at each station are analyzed. This study shows that the prevailing winds in Northern Serbia have northwestern and southeastern directions. Circulation weather types over Serbia are presented in order to determine the connections between the synoptic circulations and prevailing surface winds. Three controlling pressure centers, i.e., the Mediterranean cyclone, Siberian high, and the Azores anticyclone, appear as the most important large-scale factors that influence the creation of the prevailing winds over Northern Serbia. Beside the synoptic cause of the prevailing winds, it is noted that the orography of the eastern Balkans has a major influence on the winds from the second quadrant. It was found that the frequencies of circulation weather types are in agreement with those of the prevailing winds over Northern Serbia.