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β-Nerve Growth Factor (β-NGF) is a neurotrophin which acts through its receptors TrkA and p75, performing important actions in male reproductive physiology and its presence in seminal plasma (SP) has been related to male fertility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gene expression profile and the immunolocalization of β-NGF and its high-affinity receptor TrkA in sex organs in rabbits during sexual maturation period. β-NGF concentration for both SP and blood plasma (BP) and BP testosterone levels were determined as well as the seminal parameters during such period. Ten New Zealand White x California young rabbits were trained to semen collection since 20 weeks of age and routinely done once a week with two ejaculations per session. At 22 and 37 weeks of age, semen collection was carried out three times a week and seminal parameters were evaluated. Four males were randomly assigned and slaughtered in each age (n = 8); sex organs (prostate, bulbourethral glands and epididymis) were dissected and collected to determine β-NGF and TrkA gene expression and immunolocalization. SP and BP were also taken at each semen collection session to evaluate β-NGF concentration, and testosterone levels were also assessed in BP. The highest β-NGF mRNA expression was observed in prostate compared to bulbourethral glands and epididymis. These two last tissues showed residual β-NGF mRNA expression and limited localization of the neurotrophin. The prostate epithelial cells and lumen were strongly stained with regard to the other sex organs indicating that immunolocalization of β-NGF rely mainly in the prostate. TrkA gene expression was lower but constant and differentially immunolocalized in the sex organ tissues. Finally, β-NGF concentration in SP and BP remained unchanged in accordance to age, while some seminal characteristics such as sperm concentration, percentage of live sperm and mass and progressive motility were enhanced as endowed by BP testosterone variation. β-NGF and its cognate TrkA receptor are expressed and immunolocalized in the male reproductive tract in the two ages studied, independently of the circulating levels of testosterone and β-NGF., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)