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In this study, compression properties of composite honeycomb sandwich panel and tube structures with S-shaped reinforced core was studied. The S-shaped reinforcements was machined from conventional honeycomb core. Quasi-static compression tests showed that the peak force and energy absorption of the proposed sandwich panels were enhanced by up to 85.28% and 31.41% respectively, in comparison to the carbon fiber/aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels. Based on the experimentally validated finite element model, the effects of number of S-shaped reinforcement structures, wall thickness and rotation direction were investigated for mechanical performance of the carbon fiber/aluminum honeycomb sandwich tubes under compression. Numerical results demonstrated that the S-shaped reinforcement structure could change the load transfer path effectively. The mechanical behavior and properties of the honeycomb core with S-shaped reinforcement were significantly influenced by changing the number and distribution of S-shaped reinforcements with different rotating directions. The homodromous structure caused shear damage, while the heterodromous structure showed more stability. • A honeycomb core with S-shaped reinforcements, which could effectively enhanced peak load and energy absorption, was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]