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Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultivated land is the most important carrier of grain production. Quantity, quality, and utilization rate can also determine the production capacity of grain for national grain security. Among them, agricultural carbon emission has been one of the important sources of greenhouse gases. There is a complex logical relationship among land use, land use carbon reduction, and grain production under the strategic context of climate change response to the overall layout of ecological civilization. In response to the growing demand for grain, agricultural production factors in the short term have caused ecological pollution and carbon emissions in cultivated land. The demand for diversified agricultural products has also intensified the excessive investment of production resources, further deteriorating the ecological environment of cultivated land and carbon emissions. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between cultivated land utilization and grain production in the context of carbon emission constraints, in order to reveal the complex logical relationship among the three elements of "soil-carbon-grain". The challenges were also proposed to sustainably utilize the cultivated land under the goals of grain security and carbon emission reduction. Furthermore, the optimal paths were constructed to promote the green transformation and upgrading of cultivated land use for better grain production. The results showed that: (1) A complex "soilcarbon-grain" factor system was obtained to form the logical connection between cultivated land utilization and grain production under carbon emission constraints. (2) The carbon reduction was implemented to utilize the cultivated land under current agricultural production. There were uncertain impacts on national grain security. But the ever-increasing grain production still resulted in a large amount of carbon emissions. (3) There was a better balance between cultivated land utilization and grain production under carbon emission constraints. A coordinated optimal path was established for the "soilcarbon-grain" elements from three aspects: cultivated land protection, carbon reduction, and grain production. The cultivated land resources were allocated to construct a carbon trading market for the structure of grain production. According to the current agricultural production, it was still feasible to coordinate the "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality" goals with grain security goals, although there was a high degree of uncertainty on carbon emissions that were reduced from cultivated land utilization. The proportion and quantity of input were optimized from the factors of grain production, in order to implement the "Trinity" protection system for the cultivated land, differentiated carbon reduction for cultivated land use, and stable support of agricultural funding. A mature trading market of agricultural carbon was established to innovate the green technologies of agricultural production. The carbon emissions were reduced from the cultivated land use for the national grain security, the carbon sequestration emission reduction potential of cultivated land, and grain production. It is very necessary to plan the spatial patterns of cultivated land using various policy tools, in order to promote the sustainable and synergistic development of low-carbon and green utilization of cultivated land and national food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chickpea protein isolates (CPI) with high nutritional value have promise as a potential source of novel food ingredients, but the functional properties cannot meet the needs of the modern food industry. It is of great interest to know how dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatments affect the properties of CPI. This work aimed to clarify the impact of DBD plasma treatments as a function of treatment times (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 min) on the conformation, physicochemical, solubility, and emulsifying properties of CPI. Moreover, an evaluation was made on the relation of structural properties of DBD-treated CPI to functional properties. The parameters of CPI were measured, including the pH value, conductivity, particle size, the content of free sulfhydryl, surface hydrophobicity, secondary structures, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), solubility, emulsification activity, and stability. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface micromorphology of CPI treated by DBD plasma. The results showed that the pH decreased from 6.98 to 6.58, while the conductivity increased, with the increase of the treatment time from 0 to 4 min. The best solubility and emulsifying properties were achieved in the DBD plasma for 4 min, indicating DBD plasma was suitable for the increase in the solubility, emulsifying activity, and emulsion stability of CPI. Dynamic light scattering indicated a decrease in the mean particle diameter of CPI from 477 to 418 nm. The SDS-PAGE showed that the plasma treatment cannot change the composition and types of CPI, but the band intensity of 7S and 11S increased. The content of α-helix increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the content of the random coil decreased (P < 0.05), indicating that the higher structure of the protein changed after plasma treatment. In addition, a combined analysis of reactive sulfhydryl content and surface hydrophobicity indicated that the CPI may undergo a conformation unfolding, thereby becoming looser and more flexible, and finally promoting the interactions of protein-water and protein-oil. SEM images showed that the sample size was reduced, while the surface structure became looser with the extension of treatment time. Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis showed that a strong correlation between the change of protein structure and the improvement of functional properties was obtained after DBD plasma treatments. It infers that the DBD plasma changed the conformational characteristics of CPI, enhancing solubility and emulsifying properties. The better solubility and emulsification properties of CPI can be achieved after plasma treatment for 4 min. The finding can provide technical support for the utilization of new chickpea protein products in the actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How to promote the rapid development of the agricultural economy while taking into account environmental protection and building a “community of life” between humans and nature has become an important issue that we can’t avoid in promoting China’s rural vitalization strategy. Different from existing studies, in this paper, we used the propensity score matching (PSM) estimation technique to overcome the endogenous nature of sample selective bias, and the “strong embeddedness” factor in sociology. As such, the impact of relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness on the green disposal behavior of farmers’ agricultural materials wastes were explored. The result showed that peasant household concurrent business behavior and per capita income of farmers’ household all played a significant positive role on affecting relational embeddedness. That was, the relationship strength and the quality of the relationship were more positively affected by the peasant household concurrent business behavior and the per capita income of the family. At the same time, the number of family labor, peasant household concurrent business behavior, the existing cultivated land area of the family, and the proportion of agricultural income would significantly affect the structural embeddedness. Then the K-nearest neighbor matching method was used to explore the difference between the green disposal behavior of the agricultural materials waste of the control group and the treated group. According to the propensity scores of the control group and the treated group, it was clear that the probability of occurrence of green disposal of agricultural materials waste in the farmers’ households in the control group was 4.10% before the matching; after matching, the proportion increased to 6.60%. On the whole, the relational embeddedness would increase the probability of the farmers’ agricultural materials waste green disposal behavior by 4.70%. Therefore, based on the survey data of this paper, we did not find that the relational embeddedness had a significant impact on the green disposal behavior of agricultural household materials waste. Similarly, K-nearest neighbor matching method was also used to explore the relationship between structural embeddedness and the green disposal behavior of agricultural household materials waste. After matching, the occurrence probability of the green disposal behavior of agricultural household materials waste increased by 10.10%. At the same time, the t-statistic of average effect of treatment on the treated (ATT) was greater than 1.96 (P<0.05). This showed that there was a significant difference in the green disposal behavior of agricultural materials wastes between farmers who were in the state of structural embeddedness and those who were not in the state of structural embeddedness. In addition, in order to ensure the robustness of the research results, the “self-help method” (Bootstrap) was used in the matching process to infer the overall standard error. According to the results, average effect of treatment on the treated (ATT), average effect of treatment on the untreated (ATU) and average effect of treatment on the population (ATE) were basically consistent with the above results, whether in the state of relational embeddedness or structural embeddedness. And the results of other matching methods, including K-nearest neighbor matching method, radius matching method, kernel matching method and Mahalanobis matching method, were highly consistent with the above results, which also can identify the strong robustness of the research results. Based on this, we suggested that through the establishment of peasants’ interests appeal channel and accountability supervision mechanism, farmers should be encouraged to strengthen exchanges and communication with professional farmers, and create a good social atmosphere of environmental protection to improve the green disposal behavior of farmers’ agricultural materials waste, and promote the green transformation of the agricultural industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)