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The conditions for electrodeposition of Fe-Sn alloys from a novel, environmentally friendly, ferrous chloride-based electrolyte were studied. The influence of the pH on the electrolyte stability and deposit stoichiometry was studied and discussed. Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), XRD and SEM/EDX were used to characterise the electrodeposited phases. The results from ASVs indicated the possibility to deposit at least two different phases at high overpotentials. Hull cell depositions in an electrolyte with a Sn to Fe ratio 1:1 and a pH value of 2.8 showed regular deposition of Fe-Sn. Fe-rich deposits (54.84 at.-%) were obtained from an electrolyte with Sn to Fe ratio 1:10. The XRD results were compatible with the electrochemical investigations. In all studied samples β-Sn, FeSn2 and Fe5Sn3 were detected. The presence of ferromagnetic Fe5Sn3 was not influenced by the Sn to Fe ions ratio in the electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrodeposition of copper from an acid sulphate solution has been studied in a Hull cell fitted with four types of cathode; a carbon plate or a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) sheet was used either in a continuous or segmented form. The rates of mass transport to the planar plate and RVC electrodes have been compared in static and stirred electrolytes containing 50, 75 and 100 mmol dm–3 CuSO4 in 0·5 mol dm–3 Na2SO4 at pH 2 and 298 K. The cathodes were divided into 10 equal sections and current vs. potential curves were obtained for each section at a constant current up to 140 mA. The current distribution over the cathodes followed a logarithmic decay with distance along the cathode; segments nearest to the anode experienced the highest rate of copper deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]