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Background: It is known that kidney transplantation (KTx) decreases mortality rate and increases life expectancy about 10 years compared with dialysis, particularly in patients with diabetes. However, cardiovascular disease is still the most common cause of death after transplantation., Purpose: The evaluation of the cardiovascular risk after successful KTx in diabetic and nondiabetic patients., Methods: We enrolled 344 patients after KTx (mean age 52.7 years, M -62.5%). The cohort was divided into 2 groups diabetes (+) and diabetes (-). Arterial stiffness parameters (brachial-ankle and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, pulse pressure, pulsatile stress was assessed by an automated oscillometric device. All body composition parameters were evaluated based on bioelectrical impedance analysis and laboratory parameters were obtained from medical files of the patients., Results: Arterial stiffness parameters were higher in the diabetes (+) compared with diabetes (-) group, significantly. Body mass index was significantly higher in the diabetes (+) group, as well as body fat mass and visceral fat area. In the diabetes (+) group compared with the diabetes (-) group, whole-body phase angle was lower (4.54 vs 4.90 P = .006). Visceral fat area and whole-body phase angle correlated significantly with arterial stiffness parameters., Conclusions: The evaluation of arterial stiffness and phase angle is a useful method for identifying patients at high cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we suggest that patients with diabetes after successful KTx due to the baseline high cardiolovascular risk, should be regularly assessed to monitor changes in blood vessels, body composition and undergo dietary intervention., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Kidney transplantation is the most effective method of renal replacement therapy, providing better quality of life and improving survival prognosis. However, immunosuppressive therapy may negatively affect balance in recipients' body mass components, such as fat mass and lean tissue mass and consequently may result in weight gain. The purpose of the study was to investigate body composition and prevalence of obesity in a group of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during 2 years of observation., Methods: The study population consisted of 95 patients after kidney transplantation. Anthropometry were performed using an electronic scale, dynamometer, and multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis at baseline and over a 24-month observation period. Obesity diagnosis was based on body mass index (BMI). Sarcopenia was defined according to The European Working Group on Sarcopenia., Results: At baseline, overweight and obesity were found in 42.1% and 10.5% of KTRs, respectively. BMI correlated positively with body fat, lean body mass, and waist circumference (P < .05). Of all KTRs, 31.6% at baseline and 33.6% after 2 years met criteria of sarcopenia. During 24 months' observation, the kidney graft function and mean BMI were stable, but significant increase of body fat content with decrease of lean body mass was observed. Multivariate regression analysis showed a relationship between the risk of sarcopenia and low BMI and high waist circumference., Conclusions: Successful transplantation was associated with weight gain with increase of body fat without increase in lean body mass (sarcopenic obesity). Results suggest the need for routine assessment of body composition and nutritional education that could prevent the consequences of adipose tissue accumulation in kidney transplant recipients., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)