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Air transportation is a mode of transport developed specifically to provide access to long-distance destinations that may otherwise be infeasible or at least more difficult to reach. Accordingly, there are distinct aspects of air travel that require consideration when assessing accessibility by air transportation, which are not addressed in general local accessibility studies. This paper reviews studies of accessibility by air transportation. The studies in question were published in academic journals, and we analysed them using the broad theoretical framework of accessibility of Geurs and van Wee [Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: Review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127–140]. We discuss the characteristics of accessibility by air transportation to consider when designing research, as well as trends and knowledge gaps in the existing literature. An important gap is that, while there is a growing interest towards perceived accessibility by air transportation, accessibility measures based on this perspective have not yet been applied yet. Additionally, the literature is largely focused on the transport and land-use components of accessibility as opposed to the individual and temporal components. We finish by discussing the benefits and drawbacks of directly applying conventional accessibility measures for research on accessibility by air transportation, as well as options to modify the temporal component of conventional person-based accessibility measures for better applicability in the air travel context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the derived demands of wait time, travel time and waiting during travel, the perceived waiting/travel time has been found to exceed the actual waiting/travel time, both in travel and non-travel contexts (Fan et al., [14]; Meng et al., [22]; Pruyn & Smidts, [31]). In the travel behaviour literature, many studies found a negative effect of (self-reported) travel duration on travel satisfaction (e.g., De Vos et al., [9]; Morris & Guerra, [27]), especially when the actual travel time is longer than the ideal travel time (Humagain & Singleton, [18]; Ye et al., [41]). Wait time, travel time, and waiting during travel are closely related time uses that often overlap in how they are perceived, viewed, and/or valued. [Extracted from the article]

We conduct a systematic scoping review of the academic literature concerning pedestrian accessibility. We distinguish "walking accessibility" from the broader topic of "walkability" by two criteria: papers must consider one or more destination type(s), and papers must address the issue of distance or impedance. After searching Web of Science, TRID, and Google Scholar databases and conducting screening, we identify 85 papers meeting these criteria. We organise the literature review according to the four components of accessibility identified by Geurs and van Wee [(2004). Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: Review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127–140]: (1) Land use; (2) transport; (3) temporal; and (4) individual and also add a section on the topic of impedance. Walking accessibility studies address a much greater range of land uses or destination types than is typically found for other modes. The transportation component is relatively undeveloped, as pedestrian infrastructure includes many influential elements not currently tracked in GIS systems. Few studies address the temporal component of walk accessibility, which varies according to climatic and nighttime conditions. Most papers do not account for the significant variation across individual capabilities and preferences regarding walking. We note that developing detailed pedestrian networks is a key first step, as most published analysis is conducted on roadway networks. A second major recommendation is to consider individual variations in walk accessibility across demographic classifications, accounting for varying levels of physical mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For example, some people state that everyone requires just one job, assuming this job pays well, so why should a public transport planning authority aim at improving access to jobs by public transport. Accessibility, the ease of reaching destination, is the most comprehensive land use and transport systems performance measure (Levinson & Wu, [21]; Wachs & Kumagai, [27]; Wu & Levinson, [29]). Our research found that accessibility by public transport to formal jobs leads to a decline in the number of people employed in the informal job sector (Boisjoly, Moreno-Monroy, & El-Geneidy, [3]). Accessibility to jobs has always been the most common measure due to the ease of obtaining the number of jobs in an area; in some developing countries, researchers measure accessibility to formal and informal jobs. [Extracted from the article]

Thepotential path area(PPA) andactivity space(AS) concepts play a central role in the substantial amount of applied research focusing on the quantitative analysis and description of people's spatial behaviour. Given this large literature, and the surprising lack of a formal review of the research, the time is ripe for a systematic review. This paper examines how the key concepts of PPAs and ASs have evolved, how they have been applied, what issues need to be resolved, and potential areas for future research. The review begins with the main theoretical developments influencing the applied use of these methods, and continues with a categorization of the literature across three dimensions — research domain, methods of calculation and application purpose. We find that the methods have been used not only in the core originating fields of travel behaviour and transport geography, but also in health, criminology and demography, and are growing fastest in health. The methods have been applied to a number of purposes with applications to accessibility the most common and the fastest growing. Demonstrated interest in these methods, along with the technologies and data to facilitate them, suggests a bright future for the use of PPAs and ASs in the social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]