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Wrong Way Driving (WWD) by motorcycle riders is a traffic violation that may cause crashes. It is frequently encountered in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing WWD among motorcycle riders. This study selected six sites in Khon Kaen city, Thailand, to examine motorcycle riders’ driving behavior, either WWD or law-obeying driving, such as when making a U-turn. The driving behaviors of 1,114 motorcycle riders were collected. The random parameter mixed logit model was applied to analyze the correlation between motorcycle riders’ WWD behavior and influencing variables. The results indicated that WWD influencing factors included gender, helmet wearing, time of day, motorcycle size, the presence of LED warning signs, control of U-turn median opening, and the ratio of the travel distances between the law-obeying route and the WWD route. Finally, this study proposed recommendations to reduce the occurrence of motorcycle riders’ WWD behavior.

This study proposes a method for evaluating losses sustained from motorcycle crashes in Thailand, utilizing the willingness to pay (WTP) approach. Value of statistical injury and Value of statistical life were used to identify the value. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using TBP as a framework found that behavioral intention, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control influence motorcycle drivers' WTP in Thailand. The WTP for reducing fatalities from motorcycle crashes is US$4.41 to 4.98, and the WTP to mitigate injury risks is US$23.49 to 24.53. Additionally, the study calculates the value of statistical life (VOSL) to be in the range of US$0.055 to 0.062 million and the value of statistical injury (VOSI) to be between US$0.188 to 0.194 million. This study can be used to inform budget allocation and policy formulation to reduce the risks of motorcycle road crashes.

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a profound impact on tourism in Thailand and worldwide. As one of the top-ranked global tourist destinations, Thailand has experienced significant effects on its economy and the well-being of its inhabitants. The objective of this study is to investigate the variations in tourists' behavior during and after the COVID-19 epidemic using the Health Belief Model and Travel planned behavior theories. Invariance analysis was tested across groups. The analysis revealed that attitude, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, government support, and perceived control had the most positive impact on travel intentions during the 2019 coronavirus epidemic. In contrast, perceived barriers, perceived severity, and health motivation had significant negative influences. Concerning behavioral intention after the outbreak, all the factors were significantly associated positively. The most influential factors were perceived susceptibility, attitude, health motivation, perceived behavioral control, perceived benefits, perceived severity, perceived control, and government support, respectively. Furthermore, the models of both groups during and after the epidemic were significantly different. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers to develop strategies to stimulate the economy and sustainable tourism in the future.