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In view of the climate emergency, it is necessary to model and forecast road transport emissions for implementing more effective climate policy. This paper fills an important research gap by quantifying the challenges, barriers and remedies of achieving road transport emission reduction and air quality improvement in developing countries. It contributes to the debate on top-down and bottom-up approaches to reconcile carbon and other transport related emissions. China and India are chosen as case studies. Using various official statistics and proxy variables, we estimate and compare the road transport carbon emissions of the two countries systematically from 2009 to 2020. Insights from detailed mode-specific estimations of the bottom-up approach are valuable for targeted policies and measures. An analysis of the major components of road transport carbon emissions points to strategies of promoting electric vehicles, reducing transport demand, accelerating modal shift to low-carbon modes, and cleaner electricity to achieve climate policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While electric vehicle (EV) use has proliferated in developed countries, emerging nations have lagged behind because they lack the resources to establish effective EV charging networks. To address this issue, this paper has developed a framework through scenario analysis that aims to minimize the costs involved in establishing such networks and provide policy makers with insights on how to accomplish this. A given set of public institutions possessing EV fleets were first grouped into zones using clustering algorithms. Mathematical models were then developed to identify optimal EV charging station locations serving the EV fleets of these organizations, with an objective to minimize the total cost. Factors such as EV range anxiety and human walking distance were imbedded into the framework, which was examined using real world data from three major cities in Morocco: Rabat, Casablanca, and Fes. With the framework, policy makers can make better planning decisions on EV transitioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely introduced in the Global South countries and drawn growing scholarly attention. This paper critically reviews and concisely summarizes the research findings pertaining to the travel, equity and wellbeing impacts of TOD in the Global South. We identify 53 relevant studies and find that TOD increases public transportation ridership and promotes subjective well-being. However, similar to what happens in the Global North, TOD in the Global South also induces gentrification and unexpected social inequalities. We call for more critical and theoretical discussions about the uniqueness of TOD in Global South and application of more sophisticated methods and more detailed indicators to better explain the impacts of TOD. Future studies may also be fruitful to investigate some new topics, such as the role of state in TOD-induced gentrification, residential dissonance in TOD areas and hedonic adaptation to the improvement in transit services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural socio-economic and institutional limitations can affect the implementation of cycling infrastructure. More stringent cycling infrastructure standards aiming to solve deficiencies might exacerbate disparities, especially in poor districts with fragmentary governance. Using an audit and quantitative and spatial analysis of cycleways, this paper examines to what extent structural inequalities and governance issues affect the availability and quality of cycling infrastructure, considering new indicative and normative standards aiming at improving cycling infrastructure in Santiago, Chile. Our results show that the distribution of cycleways is unequal and only partially complies with national quality standards. All districts in the city have both high and low standard bicycle lanes, but since district finances have huge differences, this can lead to inequalities in cycle coverage and districts' capabilities to address current standard problems. This raises relevant challenges regarding governance and how to ensure an equitable distribution of cycling infrastructure in Global South cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Existing researches on the impact of land use on trip generation has been explored. • Advanced data collection techniques for travel data collection were investigated. • Numerous approaches to trip generation modelling have been discussed. To assess the impact of any proposed development, it is necessary to estimate the trips that are likely to be generated because of such development. In case of developing countries, land use pattern varies significantly and it becomes very challenging to model the trip rates. In view of this, an effort has been made to synthesize the available literature related to modelling of trip generation rates. This paper provides a comprehensive review of studies related to impact of land use on trip rates, data collection techniques and modelling approaches. Major challenges associated with modelling of trip generation includes the unavailability of standard reference databases for multimodal trip generation, consideration of land use evolvement, less explored machine learning modelling approaches, and the feasibility of using emerging data collection techniques in travel surveys. Finally, a framework is proposed for modelling multimodal trip generation rates considering the above identified issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]