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• An analytical framework is applied to identify barriers to adaptation. • A case study of the transport sector of Bogotá, Colombia is presented. • The analysis identified information, resources and incentives barriers. • The institutional environment is the most influential underlying factor. • There is potential for this study to be replicated in other parts of the world. The adaptation of transport systems to climate change is crucial for maintaining city functions in the future. Due to the complexity of this process, urban transport planners may not always be aware of all challenges they must face, leading to maladaptation or lack of adaptation of the transport systems of their cities. Recognising this complexity, this paper identifies barriers and opportunities for effective adaptation planning via a socio-technical perspective. An existing analytical framework, previously used in some cities of Latin America and Germany, is adopted and applied to a case study of Bogotá, Colombia. Interviews conducted with local professionals and a review of policy documents and technical reports provided insight into city governance processes and the extent to which climate change adaptation shapes transport sector decisions. The study reveals that incomplete or unusable information about climate change and its effects, reduced availability of economic and human resources, and the lack of adequate incentives are limiting adaptation within the transport planning processes of the city. It also demonstrates the critical influence of the institutional structure in determining which infrastructure options are considered feasible and preferable. The study elucidates what levers are available to transport planners and why some solutions are just not considered. There is potential for this study to be replicated in other parts of the world to help support the development of effective systemic intervention to support adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A conceptual framework to understand adaptation planning of urban roads is presented. • The framework is called the Expanded Adaptation Action Cycles (EAAC) framework. • An analysis of a case study of Bogotá, Colombia using the EAAC framework is presented. • The practical utility of the EAAC framework as a diagnostic tool is demonstrated. Several decision-making frameworks are available to foster climate adaptation of road infrastructure, but these focus mainly on the adaptation of national or regional roads. Urban road infrastructure is equally important for the efficient functioning of society and it is imperative to understand the peculiarities of adapting these types of roads, however, existing frameworks may not be appropriate for this purpose. This paper presents a conceptual framework called the "Expanded Adaptation Action Cycles" (EAAC) that conceptualizes in a simple, yet comprehensive manner the adaptation planning processes of urban road infrastructure. A case study of the decision-making processes for the development and maintenance of the road network of Bogotá, Colombia was conducted to demonstrate the practical utility of this framework as a diagnostic tool. Analysing the evidence collected using the EAAC framework indicates that the city is currently at the early stages of its adaptation planning and that the adaptation measures being considered suggest that, at most, the city is aiming to implement incremental adaptation. This demonstrates how the EAAC framework provides the ability to understand the relative position of a city's approach to adaptation planning within a wider spectrum of possibilities, providing insight into the potential impact of possible planning interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]