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The paper identifies and discusses three important contributions to Romanian historiography that emerged from the work of the Institute of National History between 1920 and 1945: the creation of Romania's first institute of historical study; the promotion of professional bibliographic work; and the initiation of a model publications program, including a first rate scholarly journal and several book series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focuses on the wartime diaries written by Queen Marie of Romania, Colonel Jeana Fodoreanu, General Alexandru Averescu and Captain Gheorghe Bägulescu between 1916 and 1918, in the attempt to capture how historical time shaped the diarists' destiny, as well as the role diarists played in history. Our hermeneutical approach puts forward an interpretation of the pair personal time/historical time. It further focuses on this pair's modulations when it comes to the diaries written by individuals who created or actively participated in the creation of a given period's history. Our research also points to how wartime diaries can be interpreted as historical documents that complete with significant detail the events of World War I as depicted in history books. This analysis posits that paying attention to the polyphony of voices in wartime diaries may result in their becoming a benchmark for a collective destiny's chronology, thus raising the great issue of the meaning of History. When read as a text that doubles as a parameter of one's own interpretations, the wartime diary is complementary to the diarist's "classical" biography, and by interlacing small-scale and big-scale history it also illustrates how an individual's career may influence the fate of a whole nation, as the general, objective history encompasses the personal one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cemetery no. 3 at Bratei is one of the largest Early Avar Age necropolises from the Transylvanian Basin. It belongs to the late group of the Transylvanian row-grave cemeteries, named Band-Verejmort group in the archaeological literature. The aim of the paper is to investigate the weapon graves discovered in the cemetery. For this purpose the different weapon categories are analyzed from a typological and chronological point of view. Based on the weapon combinations correlated with the burial customs and the associated grave-goods two main groups can be isolated: burials with 'Merovingian' and with 'Avar' traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author offers a new interpretation on the elite of the German hospites and their residences in southern Transylvania. After a brief survey of the current state of the research concerning the Transylvanian Saxon elite and their residences, on the basis of the existing archaeological discover-ies, analyses of medieval names, anthroponomy, and documentary resources, the paper reviews the theory of the chronology of fortified noble residences as formulated by some specialists, introduc-ing a new proposal for the chronology and for the possible evolution of the fortified residences belonging to the Transylvanian Saxon elite during the 12th and 13th centuries. Thus, despite the absence of documentary evidence, it is possible that among the southern Transylvanian Saxon hospites a privileged group was constituted as early as the first half of the 13th century, mentioned in documents as milites/milites Saxones. They are those servientes regis who, in exchange for their military services, gained estates in the noble lands and a series of privileges, usually greater than those of the Saxons from Sibiu county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manifestations of a transhistorical and geocritical configuration are to be identified in Vormäz and in the work of one of the most typical representatives of the liberal (romantic) generation of intellectuals, i.e. professor Ioan Rusu (1811-1843). The latter taught -- at Ivyceura Episcopale Balaofalvense -- chronology, geography and universal history while also being the author of a very attractive textbook - Icoana pământulni sau Carte de Geografie, I-III, Blaj, 1842-1843 (The Icon of the earth or A geography textbook -- our translation). The present paper aims at a modern and systematic valorization of the pages dedicated to the French geography and history, which are included in three sections of the book - France A. All over B. Topography C. The French Colonies. The discourse of the Blaj professor contains observations and common sense opinions regarding the natural and cultural heritage of the country: the French borders, the general framework of the country, the natural beauties of France, the cultural horizon of its people, the low level of education in some social media, the moral and physical qualities of its inhabitants, the bravery of the French soldiers etc. From the perspective of a multicultural approach and by means of a geocritical perspective, Ioan Knsu's interest for the French culture and history finds its place within the ample and tough process of French culture and civilization penetration into the society of the Romanians in Transylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]