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Abstract: In this study, using a two-roller testing machine, the authors examined the surface durability of thermally sprayed WC-Cr-Ni cermet coating in lubricated rolling with sliding contact conditions. The coating was formed onto the axially ground, blasted and circumferentially ground roller specimens made of a thermally refined carbon steel or an induction hardened carbon steel by means of the high energy type flame spraying (Hi-HVOF) method. The WC cermet coated roller finished to a mirror-like condition was mated with the carburized steel roller without coating having a surface roughness of Ry=3.0∼5.0μm. In the experiments, a maximum Hertzian stress of P H=0.6 or 0.8GPa was applied for the thermally refined carbon steel roller and P H=1.4GPa was applied for the induction hardened carbon steel roller in line contact condition. As a result, it was found that in the case of induction hardened steel substrate, the coated roller generally exhibits a long life without any serious damage and the surface durability is hardly affected by the substrate surface finish, while in the case of thermally refined steel substrate, the durability of coated roller is lowered and the life to flaking is very short particularly when the substrate surface is circumferentially ground and the mating surface is rough. The surface durability of coated roller was also compared with the durability of steel roller without coating. Finally, in order to discuss the durability of coated roller, the elastic-plastic behavior of the subsurface layer under repeated rolling with sliding contact was analyzed using a finite element method (FEM). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]