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Identification of New Taxum of Colletotrichum as a Causal Pathogen for Brown Blotch Disease of Cowpea in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso. Brown blotch disease of cowpea was, until recentiy, described as a disease of savannah and forested zones of Africa. However, in its latest progression, the disease also appeared in the sahelian zone of Burkina. In the present study on the etiology of brown blotch disease in Burkina Faso, analysis of isolates Colletotrichum spp. iead to the identification of a new Colletotrichum taxum causing the disease in the sahelian area of Burkina Faso. Based on its growth and microscopic characteristics, the new taxum differs from Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum truncatum already reported as the 2 pathogens involved in the occurrence of the disease. Observed differences between studied isolates IMI 379432, IMI 379433, IMI 379434, and IMI 379435 of the new taxum, specifie to Pobe area in Burkina Faso, and those of C. capsici andC. truncatum was confirmed by CABI-BIOSCIENCE (England). Additional work, using molecular techniques, is projected in near future for a better characterization of the new taxum of Colletotrichum reported in the present study.