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Seed traits are very important agronomic traits that contribute significantly into crop yield and are considered useful indicators to monitor the inheritance of quantitative traits influenced by genotype and environmental conditions. To investıgate genomic regions useful for breeding high-yielding and highly nutritious common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, a mini core collection of Turkish common bean germplasm was screened under five environments and two locations for seed traits (seed width, seed yield/plant (SYP), and hundred seed weight). The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) across the environments revealed significant effects of genotypes and genotype by environment interaction (G × E) for all studied traits except hundred seed weight (HSW), where G × E was found nonsignificant. During this study, mean seed width, SYP, and HSW were 7.038 mm, 21.815 g, and 42.1 g, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant and positive correlation (p = 0.01) of seed width with SYP and HSW. At the provinces level, minimum and maximum HSW was reflected by Elazığ and Bolu provinces, respectively. Studied germplasm was grouped into two populations in constellation analysis based on their HSW. A total of 7900 DArTseq markers identified through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) were used for the investigation of marker-trait association. DArT-3373385 marker present on chromosome Pv08 showed a significant association for seed width. DArT-8215545 marker showed a significant association for SYP and this marker was also present on chromosome Pv08. A total of four DArTseq markers were determined to be associated with HSW, and DArT-3372052 contributed maximum (11.32%) to phenotypic variations. We believe that the reported genomic regions will be helpful for future marker-assisted breeding regarding yield-related traits in common bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human body needs sufficient quantity of protein on daily basis for the normal functioning. Dietary protein in sufficient quantity is becoming a key issue for huge population of the world particularly in developing countries. Present investigation aimed to explore the phenotypic variation and to investigate the genomic regions associated with seed protein contents in Turkish common bean germplasm collected from 19 provinces. Field experiments were conducted according to augmented block design at two locations (Bolu and Sivas) for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant environmental effects (p < 0.05) on seed protein contents within environments, while genotype by environment interaction revealed nonsignificant effects. Overall mean protein contents were 36.36%, while Balikesir-3 and Hakkari-38 yielded minimum (31.64%) and maximum (40.70%) protein contents. Among 19 provinces, accessions from Hakkari and Erzincan provinces disclosed maximum and minimum mean protein contents respectively. Scatter plot between seed protein contents and plant height divided the accessions according to their protein contents and plant height. A total of eight stable accessions were selected and can be recommended for future breeding activities. The implemented constellation plot separated the studied germplasm into two populations on the basis of their protein contents. Genotyping by sequencing resulted 7900 DArTseq markers was used for marker-trait association and a total of 11 markers showed significant association for protein contents. During this study, DArT-3365703 marker was identified in both locations (Sivas and Bolu) during 2017 and might be used for future common bean breeding. Physical map revealed the presence narrow regions between identified markers on Pv02 and Pv05. Therefore, these regions should be considered for future breeding activities. We are confident that results of present study will be helpful for marker-assisted breeding of common bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human being has strong and historic connections with plants to fulfill food, feed, and shelter. Moreover, human uses plants as medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Plants are chemical factories for the biosynthesis of the huge number of secondary metabolites (SMs) that are directly used as a medicine or indirectly used in the development of commercial pharmaceutical drugs. Their improvement through classical breeding remains a difficult struggle for plant breeders. Hence, rapidly advancing research on the plant omics era has accelerated our understanding of the complex structure of SMs synthesis in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). In addition, sequencing technologies and the completion of several genome sequences of MAPs have opened numerous opportunities for fine mapping and gene characterization. The accessibility of these technologies together with research of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes for key characteristics such as SMs content and biologic activity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses pave the way for the development of new strategies for the improvement of MAPs. To explore the knowledge of SMs in MAPs, several reviews have been published over the last three decades for researchers with advanced knowledge of plant biotechnology. However, this review has offered a summary of the recent developments, limitations, and future potential in molecular breeding of MAPs species and their application to plant breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safflower is an underutilized and minor oilseed crop that received less attention from the scientific community compared to other oilseed crops like soybean and sunflower. Exploring the genetic basis associated with agronomic traits is crucial for markerassisted breeding of safflower. A genome-wide association study was conducted using a total of 12,232 DArTseq markers to identify the marker-trait association for important agronomic traits in an international safflower panel derived from 26 different geographical countries of the world. Statistically significant genotypic effects (p < 0.05) were observed across mean data of both locations (Pakistan and Turkey). Moderate to high heritability estimates were observed for the studied traits. Studied material showed higher performance for all traits except seeds per capitulum in Pakistan compared to Turkey. Phenotypic diversity for important agronomic traits, such as plant height (60.08 to 121.48 cm), capitula per plant (8.7 to 80.4), seeds per capitulum (15 to 42.05), and seed yield per plant (4.85 to 51.02 g), was illustrated. Seed yield per plant showed a highly significant and positive correlation with capitula per plant (0.4985***). Constellation plot analysis resulted in four groups, i.e. A, B, C, and D. Genotyping by sequencing resulted in 12,232 DArTseq markers being used for the investigation of marker-trait association through mixed linear model (Q + K) approach. DArT-38077549 showed significant association with capitula per plant, while two markers (DArT-22763576, DArT-22763253) were associated with plant height. A total of two markers (DArT-38079422, DArT-100043360) were associated with seeds per capitulum. A total of five DArTseq markers showed significant association with seed yield per plant and maximum variation was resulted by DArT-100004992. The results of this study provide a new insight to understand the genetic basis associated with agronomic traits in safflower. We envisage that significant markers identified through this investigation may be applicable in future safflower marker-assisted breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]