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Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the stability of dentoskeletal changes 8 years after treatment with the activator appliance, followed by an edgewise appliance.Subjects and Methods:The study comprised 18 children (10 boys and 8 girls at 12.2±1.4 years of age) with a skeletal Class II pattern and a Class II molar relationship. Pre-treatment (T1) their ANB angles were greater than 4 degrees and overjets greater than 7 mm. Standardized lateral cephalograms were taken in centric occlusion at the start of treatment (T1), at the end of activator treatment (T2), at the end of fixed appliance therapy (T3) and 6.2 years after the removal of the fixed appliances (T4). Ten angular and nine linear cephalometric measurements were determined. A paired-sample t-test was used to evaluate the treatment changes.Results:At the end of active treatment period (T3) the skeletal relationship was improved and there were significant (p=0.000) increases in maxillary and mandibular length (Co-A and Co-Gn) and SNB. The upper incisors were significantly (p=0.023) uprighted and retruded (U1-NA). SNA and ANB angles were significantly (p=0.012, p=0.000 respectively) decreased whereas IMPA and mandibular plane angle (Go-Gn-SN) remained stable. At (T4) the changes were generally in agreement with those T3 at except for a slight return to the original values for SNA and A to N -I FH (mm) measurements.Conclusion:The anteroposterior dentoskeletal changes obtained with the activator appliance followed by fixed edgewise appliances were demonstrated to be stable over 6.2 years.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transilüminasyon on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. One hundred human maxillary premolars were used in this study. Brackets with orthodontic composite adhesive were placed on the labial surface of the premolars and light cured from either the labial and/or the lingual (transilüminasyon). The control sample was cured from the labial for a total of 40 seconds of light exposure. Experimental samples were cured from the buccal for 20 seconds, the lingual (transilüminasyon) for 20 or 40 seconds and both buccal and lingual for 40 seconds. The shear-peel bond strengths were tested at 24 hours after light application. The results of this study demonstrated statistically significant difference between 40 seconds of labial curing, the both buccal and lingual curing and the only lingually cured groups. Actual bond strengths were lower for only lingually cured samples but higher for the both buccal and lingual cued sles. The samples tested received 20 seconds of labially cured were nearly the same as the control values. This study demonstrated that transilüminasyon of maxillary premolars is not alone an acceptable method of cunng orthodontic adhesive. However, the bond strengths can be higher when the transilüminasyon is used in addition to the buccal curing particularly if the exposure time is inceased to 40 seconds.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Bolton ratio differences between normal occlusion cases and Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusion cases and to determine the role of sex differences. The patients were divided into 5 different groups. Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, Class III malocclusions and normal occlusion. Each group had 60 boys and 60 girls. Mesiodistal tooth size measurements of upper and lower teeth were performed on 600 dental casts using a digital caliper. To determine the discrepancy, anterior ratios and total ratios mentioned in Bolton Analysis were calculated. These ratios were compared between different malocclusion and gender groups. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows (version 10.0) statistics software. The intergroup comparisons were made using unidirectional variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests. Lettering method was used in the one by one comparison between different groups. In this study, it was found that there were no differences in tooth dimension ratios between different sex groups in malocclusion cases (Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, Class III malocclusion), but in normal occlusion group, anterior ratio was found to be higher in girls than males. It was observed that there was a significant difference in anterior ratios between Class III and Class II division 1 malocclusions in girls. Statistically significant differences were also observed in total ratios between normal occlusion and Class II division 1 and 2 malocclusion. Since it was a fact that the total and anterior ratio values determined for Turkish population were higher than Bolton's values, it would be better to take these specific values for Turkish people into consideration for treatment planning.

Various studies have documented a variability of hyoid bone position in relation to changed mandibular position or head posture. The aim of this study was to investigate the hyoid bone position and inclination on the cephalometric radiographs of two groups of patients exhibiting Class I normal occlusion and Class II division 2 malocclusions. This study was carried out on two groups. The first group consisted of 19 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 12 girls and 7 boys (mean age: 13.4 ± 1.5) shows skeletally and dentally Class I and normal growth pattern. The second group consisted of 19 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 14 girls and 5 boys (mean age 13.5 ± 2.2) shows skeletally and dentally Class II division 2 malocclusion. Nine sagital, 5 vertical and 5 angular, totally 21 measurements were used to determine the position of the hyoid bone, t test was performed for statistical evaluation. Method error was estimated by Dahlberg’s formula. The findings revealed that in Class II division 2 patients, the hyoid bone was more retrusive in sagital plane, nearer to the upper reference plane in vertical plane, and more parallel to the ground plane. However no statistically significant differences were found. As a conclusion, there were no statistically significant differences exist between Class II division 2 patients and Class I group. Besides some insignificant differences reflects the characteristic properties of Class II division 2 patients.

Epidemiology deals with the population rather than the individual and its objectives are to classify the diseases and to determine the ways of prevention. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of malocclusion types in individuals who requested to receive treatment and to find out the ways in which the treatments are made. The study comprised 1602 patients whose treatments were performed between the dates October 1998 and July 2002 in Selçuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, and Department of Orthodontics. Malocclusion types of the patients and the treatment methods to be applied were determined from case records. Malocclusion types were defined according to Angle’s classification and treatment alternatives and the methods for treatment were determined according to the results of the case meetings. The malocclusion types of the subjects for this study were Class I (61.69%), Class II (28.07%), and Class III (10.24%). While 34.49% of the patients were treated by extraction therapy, 65.51 % of them were treated by non-extraction therapy. The frequency of the specific anomalies was determined as follows: open bite 2.68%, impacted canine 2.18 %, polidiastema patients 1.62%, congenitally absent teeth cases 3.05% Class I was the most frequent malocclusion type. It was observed that the non extraction therapy was applied 2 times as frequent as extraction therapy. In the light of these findings, the clinic patient datas should be determined and compared in some periods.

Epidemiology is the study of the factors that govern the frequency and distribution of disease or physiologic states in a community. Its focus is on the total population rather than the in the individual, and its purpose is disease classification and prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of orthodontic malocclusions in school children and to examine the statistical sex differences between these anomalies. In this study 965 subjects ages changes between 6 to 19 years are examined. The prevalence of orthodontic malocclusions including Angle classification, posterior cross-bite, anterior cross bite, dental crowding, increased overjet, open bite, and deep bite were examined. The preparation of malocclusion tables and the subsequent statistical analysis (chi-square) of the frequencies were performed by means of computer programs (SPSS for Windows Release 10.0). Of all children 81% have orthodontic malocclusion and 76.4 % showed Class I dental malocclusion. For open bite the sex difference was significant. In regard to occlusal anomalies, the sagittal deviations showed no significant sex difference. As a result: because of the high proportion of orthodontic malocclusion, we must do more preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatments to our all patients.