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ABSTRACT: Ureteronephrectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure of the kidney. It is indicated when one of the kidneys is detrimental to the animal's health whilst the function of the contralateral one is adequate to sustain life. This frequently occurs in cases of advanced hydronephrosis - usually secondary to obstruction of the ureter or the renal pelvis. Whenever possible the kidney is spared, and alternative procedures are performed to resolve the obstruction. Nephrotomy and pyelotomy are rarely performed, and recently have been associated with or superseded by ureteral stenting. All the latter procedures are technically challenging, and require advanced expertise and facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Anal sac disease represents a frequent complaint in small animal practice, with prevalence in dogs estimated at 12%. The condition is reported most often in small breeds, and it is rare in cats. Repeated conservative management is often unsuccessful, and the clinician must then resort to anal sacculectomy to cure the disease. Similarly, surgery is an important part of the treatment for anal sac neoplasia. This article briefly reviews the different condition that may affect the anal sacs, and focuses on their surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Intussusception is defined as the invagination or 'telescoping' of a segment of the gastrointestinal tract into the lumen of an adjacent segment. This evenience is most common at the ileocolic junction, and is secondary to increased intestinal motility. Most patients have a history of enteritis, dietary change, or recent abdominal surgery; clinical signs vary depending on location, degree and duration of obstruction. Treatment is usually surgical; manual reduction can be attempted if the intestinal wall appears viable, otherwise enterectomy may prove necessary. To prevent recurrence (reported in 6-27% of patients) an effort should be made to determine the inciting cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Perineal hernia is a failure of the pelvic diaphragm, occurring mostly in unneutered male dogs, and commonly causing rectal dilation and deviation lateral to the anus. Other structures can also prolapse through the weakened pelvic diaphragm; in particular, bladder herniation can become life-threatening. Diagnosis of perineal hernia is made on clinical presentation and physical (including rectal) examination; surgical repair is the most successful treatment. Due to the high failure rate in some reported series, various techniques have been proposed; castration is similarly important in preventing recurrence. Because of the complex nature of perineal rupture, no ideal repair method exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]