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Prolonged immobilization induce a reduction in muscle mass during of mechanical ventilation (MV) requiring an accurate and viable diagnosis for rapid and effective clinical intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscle thickness of the anterior quadriceps (QA) and gastrocnemius muscles (GTN) in critically ill patients over 10 days of MV. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 267 subjects in MV with a final sample of 66 patients with more than 72 hours of MV. Muscle thickness evaluation was performed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day of MV by bilateral ultrasonography of the femoral rectus (RF), vastus intermedius (VI), QA and GTN. PERME scale scores were used to observe functional mobility in the same period. The results showed that on the 3rd day there is a decrease in muscle thickness (right-left side) around 7-11% in VI (p = 0.001), 1-7% in RF (p = 0.02), 8-9% in QA (p = 0.001 ) and 10-18% in GTN (p

Pre-frail olders present a decrease in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that precedes the clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, therefore non-pharmacological interventions for control and prevention are recommended. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and whole body vibration (WBV) on BDNF, thickness and muscle mass. 42 volunteers divided into 3 groups: IMT+WBV(G1), IMTsham+WBV(G2) and IMTSham +WBVSham(G3) were training for 12 weeks. BDNF and lean mass were evaluated. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the muscle thickness of the femoral rectus (FR), vastus intermedius (VI) and anterior quadriceps (QA); the diaphragm thickness in the resting (TFRC) and maximal contraction (TTLC); thickening ratio (TR) and diaphragmatic mobility (DM). There were no differences in BDNF levels (p = 0.229) between G1 (1244.07 ± 936.86), G2 (2353.88 ± 1612.10) and G3 (1816.39 ± 1490.07) after intervention. G1 showed an increase of about 9% in DM (p