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Over the years, Nigeria’s development has accelerated due to crude oil exploaration. In spite of its enormous benefits, it has wreaked much havoc and damage on the ecosystem due to its toxicity. The study evaluated hydrocarbon degradation potentials by the rhizobacterial flora of the legume Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut) grown in potted sandy-loamy soil samples in the green house of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria. Crude oil concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0mls were used to contaminate the soil samples respectively. All soil samples apart from the control were polluted. Groundnut germinated after seven days at concentration of 0.0 to 2.5% but at higher concentration of 5.0% of the contaminant, the germination time increased to nine days and at concentration 20%, it increased to ten (10) days. Even though groundnut germination was observed in all concentrations of crude oil tested, significant shoot retardation still occurs in both legumes consequent on crude oil toxicity. Rhizobacterial population also diminished with increase in crude oil concentration. The rhizobacterial population diminished with increase in crude oil concentration. The rhizobacteria isolated from the soil sample include Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium tetani, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Rhizobacterial population also diminished with increase in crude oil concentration. The study revealed the resistance of groundnut to crude oil (p

Schiff base readily form complex with metal ions and the resultant complexes especially from transition metals were extensively used in many fields of human endeavor including antimicrobial therapy. However, the potentials of Lanthanide-Schiff base complexes as an antimicrobial agent have not been adequately studied. This study aims to synthesize and determine the antimicrobial activity of Bis-salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine Schiff Base and its Lanthanoids (III) Complexes. The Dysprosium (III), Gadolinium (III), Neodymium (III) and Samarium (III) complexes of Schiff base derived from Salicylaldehyde and ethylenediamine were synthesized under reflux condition in ethanol and their antimicrobial activity were determined using disc diffusion method. Bis-salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine was a shiny crystalline yellow with a yield of 93% and its complexes were various sheds of yellow ranges from pale to dark, with percentage yield between 94-98%. The Bis-salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine had good activity against C. albican (32mm at 100mg/ml), A. niger (20mm at 100mg/ml) and Fusarium Spp (17mm at 100mg/ml) but its complexes had low (07-11mm at 100mg/ml) or no (06mm at 100mg/ml) activity against all the fungal isolates. The antibacterial activity of the Bis-salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine against E. coli (8mm at 100mg/ml), Pseudomonas (6mm at 100mg/ml) and Klebsiella (13mm at 100mg/ml) was lower than that of Ampiclox (between 17 to 20mm) and even though, all its Lanthanoid (III) complexes between 8 to 14mm at 100mg/ml) had higher antibacterial activity than the Bis-salicylaldehydeethylenediamine but still the activity of Lanthanoid (III) complexes was lower than that of Ampiclox. Considering the in-vitro antimicrobial activity exhibited by Bis-salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine and its Lanthanoid (III) complexes against bacterial and fungal isolates, both will not be potential antibacterial agent but Bis-salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine could be pontential antifungal agent. We therefore, recommend further researches geared toward exploring its full potentials for antifungal therapy.

The traditional medicine involves the use of different plants or the bioactive constituents of different plants to cure diseases and this was done long time ago based on the history of human being Acacia nilotica is a multipurpose plant belonging to the family Mimosaceae. Commonly known as Prickly acacia in English and Bagaruwa in Hausa language, It have been used traditionally to treat infections. The present study aimed at investigating antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica Wild. ethanolic leaves extract and its column fractions against selected multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extract of Acacia nilotica were prepared using ethanol on the basis of their increasing polarity with varying concentrations and were screened for the antibacterial activity using disc diffusion assay. The crude extract was further subjected to column and thin layer chromatography (TLC) for bioassay guided fractionation; thus a total of 74 fractions were obtained. The fractions were screened for the antibacterial activity, fraction 6 (CF6) showed highest zone of inhibition of 12 mm and 9 mm against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively. Therefore this study demonstrated the value of A. nilotica plant as alternative for the treatment of bacterial infections. The most active fraction can be further explored to isolate and characterize the bioactive components responsible for biological activity to develop new antibacterial drug.

Antibiotic resistance among bacteria is becoming a major problem in the treatment of many infections. Hence, there is need to find a potential alternative way of curing disease, this includes the use of medicinal plants in overcoming the antibiotic resistance. The present study was aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica Wild. leaves extracts against some selected multi drug resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Extraction of Acacia nilotica were performed using water and chloroform, on the basis of their increasing polarity with varying concentrations and were screened for the antibacterial activity using disc diffusion assay. Phytochemical screening reveals presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenoids and steroids. Aqueous extract was found to be more potent against all the selected bacterial pathogens with zone of inhibition ranges from (10 mm-13 mm) and (6 mm-10 mm) while that of chloroform extract were (3 mm-5 mm) and (2 mm-4 mm) against S. aureus and aeruginosa respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were (7 mg/ml) and (15 mg/ml) for aqueous extract while (15 mg/ml) and (25 mg/ml) for the chloroform extract on the test bacteria. Therefore this study determined the value of Acacia nilotica plant as alternative treatment for bacterial infections that can be used to completely overcome or minimize the resistance of bacteria observed in synthetic antimicrobial agents.

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antifungal activities of Calotropis procera and Ficus gnaphalocarpa latex against three scalp ring worms; Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis using agar well diffusion method at 1.3 and 1.4ml latex concentrations. The plants latex was obtained at Rafin Guzuma and Giwa tazo village’s farms at Maiyama Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Scalp ringworm samples were collected from pupils in (5) five Model Primary Schools within the study Area namely: Muhammadu Bello Dunbegu, Giwa tazo, Rafin Guzuma, Gidiga and Saran dosa Model Primary Schools. The antifungal assay results portrayed broad spectrum activity against the three dematophytes: Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis tested with comparable inhibitory zones ranged from 13.28 to 16.10mm for C. procera latex and 14.09 to 18.10mm for F. gnaphalocarpa latex as compared with the positive control (Griseofulvin). The study conducted revealed that, F. gnaphalocarpa latex has higher antifungal effect compared to C. procera latex on the test organisms.

Abstract The practice of phage therapy, which uses bacterial viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections, has been around for almost a century. The universal decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics has generated renewed interest in revisiting this practice. Conventionally, phage therapy relies on the use of naturally-occurring phages to infect and lyse bacteria at the site of infection. Biotechnological advances have further expanded the repertoire of potential phage therapeutics to include novel strategies using bioengineered phages and purified phage lytic proteins. Current research on the use of phages and their lytic proteins, specifically against multidrug resistant bacterial infections, suggests phage therapy has the potential to be used as either an alternative or a supplement to antibiotic treatments. Antibacterial therapies, whether phage- or antibiotic- based, have relative advantages and disadvantages accordingly. Many considerations must be taken into account when designing novel therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating bacterial infections. Although much is still unknown about the interactions between phage, bacteria, and human host, the time to take phage therapy seriously seems to be rapidly approaching