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Vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA) represents a challenging step of open radical prostatectomy (ORP) because of limitation of space in the depth of male pelvis, lack of control on knots during tightening which subse-quently causes inadequate coupling of VUA or breakdown of knots, and also extremely difficult reapplication of sutures. To facilitate this step of ORP, we have developed a simple and reproducible technique and reported our 8-year experience.We used two extra-long DeBakey tissue forceps to approximate the bladder neck to the urethral stump. We found it more beneficial than Babcock clamp especially in obese patients with excess fatty tissue in the pelvic area. In this technique, the surgeon's assistant creates more space for the surgeon's hand by sweeping the fatty tissue away from the anastomotic area and then pushes the reconstructed bladder neck down while the sutures are being tied.We analyzed data from 200 patients with prostatic cancer who underwent open radical prostatectomy performed from 2009 to 2017. There were only 2 sutures disrupted during knot tying. In two cases (1%), drain output was more than 30 mL/day on postoperative day 2 and drainage was left in place for a longer duration. With the help of medications, time voiding and dedicated pelvic floor exercise whenever needed,.the goal of full urinary continence (0- 1 pad/day) was achieved in 85%, 94% and 98% of patients immediately after catheter removal, 3 months and 6 months after surgery, respectively. Eight patients (4%) developed urethral stricture.The surgical technique has been shown to be an independent predictor of urinary continence. We introduce a new simple modification of vesicourethral anastomosis during RP. Using this technique; in addition to reducing anastomotic disruption rate and increasing knot tying control, postoperative urinary continence after ORP may also be improved.

Our goal was to present our experience with ultrasound guided supine or prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy in three pregnant women under spinal anesthesia.Three pregnant women in the 16th, 20th and 28th weeks of pregnancy presented with symptomatic large renal stone in the first patient and multiple renal stones in the second and third patients which were unresponsive to conventional medical therapy. They requested a definitive stone treatment. The operations were done in November 2012, June 2014 and February 2015. Data was gathered prospectively. All steps of gaining access to the pyelocalyceal system including needle insertion, tract dilation, and Amplatz sheath placement were performed under ultrasonography guidance. Tract was dilated with a single shot technique. The first two procedures were performed in supine position and the third procedure was performed in lateral flank position.Two patients were stone-free postoperatively and one patient had only an asymptomatic 4 mm residual stone. They were discharged on the 2nd postoperative day and had an uneventful postoperative course. No fever, bleeding or renal colic was noticed during postoperative hospitalization. All patients delivered their fetuses at term without any abnormality reported by the examining pediatric specialist after their birth.Ultrasonography can be used as an imaging modality guiding all steps of obtaining percutaneous access in pregnant women. Supine or flank ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be offered to pregnant women in whom conservative measures fail to the patients' wellbeing.

This study was conducted to compare safety, efficacy and cosmetic outcome between standard laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (sLDN) and mini-laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (mLDN) in a randomized clinical trial.From March 2012 to June 2013, 100 consecutive kidney donors were randomly assigned to two equal groups for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. mLDN: Six to eight centimeters Pfannenstiel incision was made slightly above pubis symphysis and 11 millimeters trocar was fixed through exposed fascia using open technique. Five mm port was placed under direct vision at the umbilicus for camera insertion and two 3.5 mm ports were placed in subxiphoid and paraumbilical area. sLDN: Ten mm port was placed at umbilicus using open access technique for camera insertion. Five mm trocar for grasping and 11 mm trocar for vascular clipping were placed at subxiphoid and paraumbilical areas under direct vision, respectively. The second 5 mm trocar was placed in suprapubic area. Cosmetic appearance was assessed three months after surgery by using the Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ).Demographic data of the patients was not significantly different between two groups. Total operative time and ischemic time was nearly similar in both groups (104 ± 21 vs. 114 ± 24 min; P = .327 and 4.03 vs. 4.07 min; P = .592). There were no cases of conversion to open surgery. Mean hospital stay was similar between the two groups [2.1 (2-5) vs. 2.4 (2-5) days; P = .346]. Kidney graft function assessed by serum creatinine val­ues (mg/dL) of recipients, was equivalent in both groups (1.58 vs. 1.86: P = .206). Mean appearance score (34 vs. 29) and consciousness score (22 vs. 18) in PSAQ showed significantly better results in the mLDN group.Our experience in this study revealed that peri- and post-operative findings were comparable between sLDN and mLDN, but mLDN has significant better cosmetic appearance than standard laparoscopic approach.

A randomized clinical trial was designed to compare the efficacy, success rate and surgical complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (LP).Sixty patients with renal pelvic stones larger than 2 cm were randomly divided into two groups of LP and PCNL. All patients were followed up to three months after surgery using renal diethylenetriamineshy;pentaaceticacid (DTPA) scan and determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).Mean operation time (149plusmn; 31 vs. 107plusmn; 26 min) and mean hospital stay (3.4 vs. 2.16 days) were significantly higher in LP, but mean hemoglobin drop (0.85 vs. 1.88 g/dL) and the rate of blood transfusion were significantly lower. Stone free rate was 90% and 86.6% for LP and PCNL, respectively (P =.59), while the changes in GFR were not statistically significant 3 days after surgery between two groups. Those in LP group showed better improvement in GFR at three months postoperatively. Improvement of the affected split kidney function was significantly higher in LP group (P =.04). No major complications were observed in both groups according to Clavien grading system.PCNL remains the gold standard treatment for most large kidney stones, nevertheless, laparoscopic pyelolithotomy can be considered for selected cases especially in whom maximal preservation of renal function isnbsp;necessary.nbsp

To present the safety and surgical outcomes of the initial series of mini-laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy and graft outcomes in related recipients.From January 2012 through July 2012, fifty patients underwent minilaparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. Two 3.5 mm trocars were inserted above and lateral to the umbilicus for grasping and scissoring. One 5 mm trocar with a camera was inserted in the umbilicus and an 11 mm trocar was inserted through fascia from a 6-8 cm Pfannenstiel incision for bipolar coagulation, kidney extraction, and vascular clip applier.Mean age of donors was 28 ± 4.2 (range, 21-39) years. Mean operative time from trocar insertion was 145.8 (range, 85-210) minutes. No major perioperative or postoperative complications occurred. The average decrease in hemoglobin level was 1.14 (range, 0.32-1.8) mg/dL and no one required blood transfusion. Mean warm ischemia time was 4.41 (range, 2.35- 9) minutes. Mean hospital stay was 2.2 (range, 2-5) days. Mean follow-up time of the recipients was 215 (range, 130-270) days. The mean serum creatinine level of the recipients at discharge time and the last follow-up visit was 1.38 mg/dL and 1.22 mg/dL, respectively.While the primary purpose of this technique is to make donor nephrectomy less invasive and more cosmetic, it is also comfortable for the laparoscopist surgeons because it is nearly similar to standard laparoscopy. A randomized controlled trial with a large sample size, long-term follow-up, and comparison with standard laparoscopy are necessary to present more definitive data about this technique.

Laparoscopy is the gold standard approach for management of some adrenal masses in adult cases. Still there have not been many findings in case of children. We present our experience with clipless laparoscopic adrenalectomy in pediatric cases for the first time.From January 2007 to January 2011, thirteen laparoscopic adrenalectomy were performed in patients 5-18 years old. The first port (10 mm) was inserted using open approach above the umbilicus and three 5 mm trocars were inserted under direct vision. On the left side, the colon was mobilized medially, then the renal vein exposed. Adrenal vein was coagulated using bipolar cautery after separating from renal vein. No endoscopic clips were used.Eight girls and five boys with the mean age of 14.4 years old (ranging from 5 to 18 years old) underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The mean operative time was 151 ± 47 (80- 240) minutes. The mean size of adrenal lesions in greatest diameter was 6.9 ± 2.4 cm (3.5 to 10). The mean hospital stay was 3.7 days (2-5) and average follow-up time was 21 months (6-27).Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in children and young adults is effective and safe if the cases are selected appropriately. Clipless laparoscopic approach by an expert surgeon has acceptable outcomes.

Purpose: To compare clinical and radiological outcomes, complications, and hospital stay in laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty.Materials and Methods: From February 2002 to February 2003, 69 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) were assigned into two groups. Thirty-seven patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty and 32 underwent open surgical pyeloplasty. Clinical symptoms were assessed before and after surgery, subjectively. Radiological assessment was also done three months postoperatively.Results: Mean operative time was 3.2 hours and 2.2 hours in laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty groups, respectively. Intraoperative bleeding was trivial in both groups and no complication or conversion to open surgery occurred. Postoperative complication rates were 24% and 6% in laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty groups, respectively. Mean hospital stay was similar (6.2 days) in the two groups. Mean follow-up was 16.5 months versus 11.4 months. Clinical and radiological success rates were 89% and 83.8% for laparoscopy group versus 96.5% and 87% for open pyeloplasty group. Due to recurrence of stricture, repeated surgery was performed in 4 patients of laparoscopy and 1 of open pyeloplasty groups.Conclusion: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a less invasive method with less pain, cosmetic advantages, no long incision, and outcome comparable with open surgery. Hospital stay is also not longer than that in open surgeries. Hence, laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be a substitute for skilled surgeons.