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Revascularization of patients with intermittent claudication (IC) is recommended only for selected patients who have chronic pain or disabling disease. However, improvement in the quality of life (QoL) could justify more widespread use.Objectives: To determine the effect of conservative treatment and revascularization on the QoL and physical performance of selected patients with IC.Patients and Methods: This nonrandomized, parallel group, follow-up study included 83 patients with IC at Fontaine stage II. On the basis of interventional opportunities and the risks and benefits, combined with the preference of the patient, 47 patients were treated conservatively and 41 were revascularized. The patients were examined at inclusion and 3 months later. The evaluations included the QoL measure Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ), pain-free and maximal walking distance (treadmill at 3 km/h, no incline), maximal isometric knee-extension strength and endurance, and ankle—brachial blood pressure index (ABI).Results: At baseline, the SF-36 and WIQ scores and the ABI were significantly lower in the patients selected for revascularization. After revascularization, all dimensions of QoL and functional status increased significantly in the patients who underwent revascularisation compared with the patients treated conservatively. The difference in the change in the physical component summary of SF-36 was 29.4% (P < .001), in the total WIQ 63.6% (P = .0002), and in the pain-free and maximal walking distances 313% (P < .001) and 135% (P < .001), respectively. After adjustment for age, smoking, ABI, body mass index (BMI), and baseline values, the differences remained statistically significant.Conclusion: Revascularization above the knee increased QoL, functional status, and walking distance significantly in patients with moderate IC. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]