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The authors present their personal results of surgical treatment of hydrocele in 163 elderly and senile patients according to modified Alferov's operation. Good long-term results were obtained.

The authors have observed 203 patients at the age of 75-87 with acute coronary insufficiency, 34 patients died on the 6th-8th days of treatment. In 22 of them death was caused by myocardial infarction, in 12--by clinically unrecognized peritonitis. A retrospective analysis of hemostasis was made on admission of the patients to the hospital and on the 5th day of treatment. In the initial state all the patients had the activated system of blood coagulation and the depressed system of anticoagulation. On the 5th day those who later died from peritonitis had had considerably decreased activity of the anticoagulating system of blood. The cause of unrecognized peritonitis in elderly and senile patients with acute coronary insufficiency is thought to be thrombogenesis in microvessels of the intestine.

Based of an experience with treatment of 118 patients with spontaneous and posttraumatic pneumothorax, pyopneumothorax and state after resection of the lung, the authors have developed a method of determination of the degree of nonhermeticity of the lung in different regimens of respiration and of the selection of treatment depending on the nonhermeticity of the lung.

Laboratory studies of the influence of the staphylococcal endotoxin on functional properties of thrombocytes and clinical observations of patients with a pronounced syndrome of endotoxicosis have shown an important role of endotoxinemia in pathogenesis of the arising thrombocytopathies. Possibilities of the medicamentous protection of blood plates from the damaging action of endotoxinemia are considered.

It was shown that plasmapheresis included in the complex program of intensive therapy of patients with acute pyo-septic lesions of the lungs and pleura allowed to effectively arrest manifestations of endotoxicosis and to improve results of treatment of this category of patients. Extracorporeal hemoxygenation of small volumes added to plasmapheresis at the expense of inclusion of dialyzer DIP-02-02 in the extracorporeal contour considerably reinforced the detoxicating effect of plasmapheresis at the expense of nonspecific biotransformation of toxins.

An examination of 110 patients with septic injuries of the lungs (acute pneumonia without purulent destruction, acute abscessing pneumonia, gangrene and lung abscess) has established that lung parenchyma plays an important role in the regulation of functional properties of thrombocytes. Growth of unfavourable thrombocytic lesions were shown to accompany an increase of sizes of purulent-destructive lesions of the lungs. The suppression of coagulolytic and barrier function of the lungs was found to be associated with the appearance of thrombotic complications.

Under analysis are results of pancreatoduodenal resections in 71 patients. In patients with mechanical jaundice lymph drainage with sorption and return of lymph into the vascular bed was used during the preoperative preparation. Occlusion of the duct system of the pancreas stump with glue KL-3 was performed on 62 patients, in 9 patients choledochocholecysto-anastomosis was used in order to improve the quality of the biliodigestive opening. A cryoprocedure on the nonremoved portion of the tumor was performed in 3 cases on the posterolateral surface of the portal vein. These measures allowed the postoperative lethality to be reduced up to 11.2%.

Leukotransfusion from ordinary donors and those immunized by staphylococcal anatoxin were used in complex treatment of 55 patients in a catabolic phase of different forms of sepsis. It was found that transfusion of leukosuspensions, immune ones in particular, had pronounced immunostimulating, detoxicating, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. A short course of transfusions of allogenic leukocytes can be fulfilled without a selection by the HLA system.

The antiviral cellular resistance was studied in 22 patients with acute sepsis of different etiology. The acute sepsis was found to develop as a rule against the background of substantially decreased antiviral cellular resistance. So, treatment of this category of patients should include not only antibacterial and antimycotic, but also antiviral methods of therapy.

In 163 patients with acute suppurations of lungs and pleura a substantial reduction of deformability of erythrocytes was established. The maximum increased rigidity of blood red cells was noted at the peak of the pyo-destructive process and postoperative period as well as in the complicated course of the postoperative period. The curative plasmapheresis, general hyperbaric oxygenation exert positive influence upon plastic properties of erythrocytes.

Under study there were 14 patients with injuries of the lungs of gunshot origin and 30 mongrel dogs with a gunshot wound of one of the hemithoraxes involving the lung. It was established that the posttraumatic period was developing against the background of deeply disturbed hemoaggregation. These disturbances are aggravated with the formation of pyoseptic complications. Synthetic antihypoxic agents may be used as one of hemocorrectors.

Posterior alloplastic fixation of a damaged spinal portion was accomplished in 68 patients. In 20 cases fracture was associated with spinal dislocation. In such cases when a compressive spinal fracture is accompanied with insignificant signs of spinal concussion one should follow an expectation policy, since an early operation may be inherent in some additional trauma and result in inhibition of regenerative processes. For spinal fixation Lavsan was employed in 23 patients, a tightening device-in 28, metallic CITO plates-in 17. In 6 objects fixation with the plates was associated with arthrodesis of intervertebral junctures. Late results were studied in 49 patients. In 40 cases the results were good, in 4-satisfactory, in 5-poor. The best results were noted in fixation of the damaged portion with the plates, these should be preferred to other fixators in fracture-dislocation of the spine.

An analysis of results of treatment of 163 children with acute diseases of the scrotum organs for five years has been made. The authors consider that urgent surgery for acute diseases parallel with establishing more precise localization of the process is a good pathogenetic treatment, prevents the appearance of disturbances of all the testicle functions, first of all the spermatogenic function, excludes an obliteration of the deferent duct, considerably shortens staying at the hospital and is not followed by complications.