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Objective: To improve the diagnosis of laryngeal disease in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)., Material and Methods: 171 patients (89 (52%) men, 82 (48%) women) with non-erosive (39 (23%) people) and erosive (132 (77%) people) forms of GERD were examined. None of the patients made active complaints about the condition of the larynx and pharynx. The examination included a questionnaire, examination by an otorhinolaryngologist, and videoendolaryngoscopy., Results: The survey revealed the presence of symptoms of otorhinolaryngological pathology in 74% of patients. Videolaryngoscopy revealed no laryngeal pathology in 55 (32%) patients, and signs of GERD-associated laryngitis were detected in 116 (68%) patients. The most common pathology was pachydermia in interarytenoid region - in 89 people, laryngeal granuloma was detected in 7 patients, leukoplakia - in 2 patients, chronic edematous polypous laryngitis - in 2 patients, benign laryngeal formations - in 9 patients. In patients with GERD (erosive and non-erosive forms), an asymptomatic course of chronic laryngitis associated with this pathology was observed in 44% of cases. In 52% of patients, pachydermia in interarytenoid region was diagnosed, of which every second had pronounced hyperplasia and folding of the mucous membrane in interarytenoid region, which must be differentiated from laryngeal cancer (in this case, patients should be under the dynamic supervision of an otorhinolaryngologist). Other precancerous formations of the larynx (granulomas and leukoplakia) were found in 5% of patients. Benign neoplasms of the larynx (polyps and cysts) were also detected in 5% of cases., Conclusions: Despite the high frequency of detection of otorhinolaryngological diseases in the examined patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, none of the patients presented complaints related to the pathology of the larynx, which indicates the need for active detection of this pathology in this category of patients by questioning, questioning, as well as examination by an otorhinolaryngologist.

Incidence rate of chronic ENT diseases was compared in workers of tobacco and pharmaceutical industries. Using representative samples of workers employed in both industries exposed to industrial dust hazards, the rate and structure of chronic ENT pathology were compared. Damage to the upper airways (UA) consists in dystrophic changes in ENT mucosa (subatrophic isolated and combined forms). Chronic combined UA lesions in workers of the tobacco factories occur more frequently than in workers of pharmaceutical factories. It is necessary to conduct ENT examinations in applicants for jobs in factories with industrial dust hazards to detect basic diseases, especially in those with nasal septal defects and related respiratory problems.

Screening for chronic hyperplastic laryngitis (CHL) has been performed among 70,000 workers and peasants of the Moscow Region. CHL was detected in 355 examinees (0.47%). The data were analysed for 166 CHL patients (age 31-50, 87 males, 29 females). 8 patients had laryngostenosis but tracheostoma was indicated only one of them. Malignant transformation occurred in 3 patients. Laryngeal lesions were symmetric in 36 patients, unilateral with separate inflammatory infiltrates clinically similar to tumors were seen in 45 patients. Local forms of CHL may look as separate small nodules, contact lesions in the region of vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages, and diffuse inflammatory edema of the vocal cords. In rare cases inflammatory tumor-like laryngeal lesions in CHL depend on local flock of lymphoid elements--lymphoid hyperplasias. A cytological study in CHL is effective in identification of the signs of dystrophy, keratinization and epithelial cell atypia as well as the presence of microflora.