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Search Results
2. [Untitled]
- Author
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Piet Maes, Mustafizur Rahman, Marc Van Ranst, and Kalina T. Zlateva
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Infectivity ,Outbreak ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,law.invention ,Microbiology ,Adenoviridae ,Diarrhea ,Paper chromatography ,Infectious Diseases ,Antigen ,law ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Feces - Abstract
The enteric subgroup F adenoviruses type 40 (Ad40) and 41 (Ad41) are the second most important cause of acute infantile gastroenteritis after rotaviruses. Repeated community outbreaks have been associated with antigenic changes among the Ad40 and Ad41 strains due to host immune pressure. Therefore large field epidemiological surveys and studies on the genetic variations in different isolates of Ad40 and Ad41 are important for disease control programs, the design of efficient diagnostic kits and vaccines against subgroup F adenoviruses. A novel method using sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS/EDTA-pretreated chromatography paper strips was evaluated for the collection, storage and shipping of Ad40/41 contaminated stool samples. This study shows that adenoviral DNA can be successfully detected in the filter strips by PCR after four months storage at -20°C, 4°C, room temperature (20–25°C) and 37°C. Furthermore no adenoviral infectivity was observed upon contact with the SDS/EDTA-pretreated strips. Collecting, storing and transporting adenovirus type 40 and 41 positive stool samples on SDS/EDTA-pretreated chromatography filter strips is a convenient, biosafe and cost effective method for studying new genome variants and monitoring spread of enteric adenovirus strains during outbreaks.
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- 2005
3. Epstein-Barr virus infection-associated cholangiocarcinoma: a report of one case and the review of literature
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Xinchun, Zhang, Ning, Wang, Wenyan, Wei, and Yangsheng, Li
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Adult ,Cholangiocarcinoma ,Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ,Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ,Infectious Diseases ,Bile Duct Neoplasms ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Virology ,Liver Neoplasms ,Humans ,Female ,alpha-Fetoproteins - Abstract
The clinical data of a patient with Epstein-barr virus (EBV) associated with cholangiocarcinoma was reported in this paper: a case of a 36-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and systemic skin yellowing combined with skin itching. Laboratory studies showed increase in alanine aminotransferase 242 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 404 U/L, r-glutamyltransferase 1516 U/L, total bilirubin 308.2 µmol/L and CA199 (101.0 U/ml). AFP (4.5 ng/ml) was normal. CT revealed multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver. PET-CT revealed liver malignant tumor and lymph node metastasis. Liver puncture pathology revealed infiltrative growth of significant heterocyst nests in the liver tissue, which was morphologically consistent with malignant tumors, considering poorly differentiated carcinoma. Pathology suggestion: combining liver puncture with morphology, immunohistochemistry, and EBV in situ hybridization results, it was consistent with EB virus-associated poorly differentiated carcinoma, therefore, consider EBV infection-associated poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (LELC morphology). The patient underwent liver transplantation in Hangzhou Shulan Hospital on June 8, 2021 successfully. After surgery, the patient orally took tacrolimus for anti-rejection, entecavir for antiviral therapy, gemcitabine 1.2 g + cis-platinum 30 mg for chemotherapy. After following up for more than 5 months post liver transplantation, the condition of the patient deteriorated. The patient subsequently died. Based on the case of our patient and the review of existing literature, when the patient's serum CA199 increased, AFP did not change significantly, and there was no previous history of hepatitis B. CT revealed a low-density mass in the liver, ring enhancement in the arterial phase, and heterogeneous enhancement of the tumor in the delayed phase. Ring enhancement of the liver lesion mass was observed on MRI. Consider the might possibility of hepatic CCA. When patients showed recurrent tonsillitis at an early age, EBV virus infection should be vigilant and oropharyngeal tissue should persist, diagnosis of EBV-associated liver cancer should be considered. In particular, EBV infection-related liver cancer is relatively rare, the clinician should improve the recognition of the disease to strive for early diagnosis and therapy.
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- 2022
4. Correction to: In vitro and in vivo analyses of co‑infections with peste des petits ruminants and capripox vaccine strains
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Xijuan Shi, Chaochao Shen, Keshan Zhang, Haixue Zheng, Ting Zhang, Dajun Zhang, Xiangtao Liu, and Bo Yang
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Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants ,Infectious Diseases ,Vaccine strain ,In vivo ,Virology ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Biology ,In vitro ,Co infection - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
- Published
- 2021
5. Correction to: Poor sensitivity of 'AccuPower SARS‑CoV‑2 real time RT‑PCR kit (Bioneer, South Korea)'
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Byron Freire‑Paspuel and Miguel Angel Garcia Bereguiain
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Infectious Diseases ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Virology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Biology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
- Published
- 2021
6. Correction to: Role of hepatitis B virus X protein in regulating LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP-1) expression to mediate proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells
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Renxian Tang, Fanyun Kong, Lina Hu, Hongjuan You, Peng Zhang, Weidong Du, and Kuiyang Zheng
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Infectious Diseases ,Virology ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
- Published
- 2020
7. Duck enteritis virus (DEV) UL54 protein, a novel partner, interacts with DEV UL24 protein
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Xinghong Gao, Mafeng Liu, Shun Chen, Renyong Jia, Mingshu Wang, Anchun Cheng, Qiao Yang, and Zhongqiong Yin
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0301 basic medicine ,Cytoplasm ,animal structures ,Immunoprecipitation ,Short Report ,Alphaherpesvirinae ,Biology ,Virus Replication ,Immediate early protein ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Cell Line ,Immediate-Early Proteins ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Two-Hybrid System Techniques ,Virology ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ,Genomic library ,Gene ,Gene Library ,Cell Nucleus ,Genetics ,integumentary system ,urogenital system ,cDNA library ,DEV ,UL24 protein ,UL54 protein ,Enteritis ,Mardivirus ,Ducks ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Viral replication ,Virus Diseases ,Protein-protein interaction (PPI) ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,Carrier Proteins ,Protein A - Abstract
Background UL24 is a multifunctional protein that is conserved among alphaherpesviruses and is believed to play an important role in viral infection and replication. Results In this paper, to investigate putative UL24-binding proteins and to explore the functional mechanisms of DEV UL24, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) was carried out, and further verified the interaction between UL24 and partners by co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy experiments. Interaction partners of UL24 protein were screened by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) with the cDNA library of DEV-CHv strain post-infection DEF cells. A novel partner, DEV UL54 protein, was discovered by Y2H screening and bioinformatic. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that DEV UL24 interacted with UL54 proteins. And distribution of a part of UL54 protein was changed from nucleus to cytoplasm in DF-1 cells of co-subcellular localization experiments which also showed that DEV UL24 interacted with UL54 proteins. Conclusions The interaction between the DEV UL24 and UL54 proteins was discovered for the first time. Thus, DEV UL54 protein as a novel partner interacted with DEV UL24 protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0830-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2017
8. Preliminary study of the UL55 gene based on infectious Chinese virulent duck enteritis virus bacterial artificial chromosome clone
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Shun Chen, Dekang Zhu, Anchun Cheng, Kunfeng Sun, Xinxin Zhao, Renyong Jia, Mafeng Liu, Qiao Yang, Ying Wu, Yangguang Li, Xiaoyue Chen, and Mingshu Wang
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0301 basic medicine ,China ,Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ,animal structures ,Mutant ,Virulence ,Bacteria artificial chromosome ,Gene Mutant ,Biology ,Virus Replication ,Recombinant virus ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Gene ,Cells, Cultured ,Genetics ,Bacterial artificial chromosome ,Research ,Chinese virulent strain ,Genetic Complementation Test ,Fibroblasts ,Reverse Genetics ,Duck enteritis virus ,Mardivirus ,Ducks ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Viral replication ,embryonic structures ,UL55 ,Gene Deletion - Abstract
Background Lethal Duck Enteritis Virus (DEV) infection can cause high morbidity and mortality of many species of waterfowl within the order Anseriformes. However, little is known about the function of viral genes including the conserved UL55 gene among alpha herpes virus due to the obstacles in maintenance and manipulation of DEV genome in host cells. Methods In this paper, we constructed an infectious bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of the lethal clinical isolate duck enteritis virus Chinese virulent strain (DEV CHv) by inserting a transfer vector containing BAC mini-F sequence and selection marker EGFP into UL23 gene using homologous recombination. UL55 deletion and its revertant mutant were generated by two-step RED recombination in E. coli on basis of rescued recombinant virus. The function of UL55 gene in DEV replication and its effect on distribution of UL26.5 protein were carried out by growth characteristics and co-localization analysis. Results The complete genome of DEV CHv can be stably maintained in E. coli as a BAC clone and reconstituted again in DEF cells. The generated UL55 deletion mutant based on DEV CHv-BAC-G displayed similar growth curves, plaque morphology and virus titer of its parental virus in infected Duck Embryo Fibroblast (DEF) cells. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that the loss of UL55 gene do not affect the distribution of UL26.5 protein in intracellular. These data also suggest infectious BAC clone of DEV CHv will facilitate the gene function studies of DEV genome. Conclusions We have successfully developed an infectious BAC clone of lethal clinical isolate DEV CHv for the first time. The generated UL55 gene mutant based on that demonstrated this platform would be a very useful tool for functional study of DEV genes. We found the least known DEV UL55 is dispensable for virus replication and UL26.5 distribution, and it could be a very promise candidate locus for developing bivalent vaccine. Experiment are now in progress for testifying the possibility of UL55 gene locus as an exogenous gene insertion site for developing DEV vectored vaccine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0748-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2017
9. New oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian viral diseases
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N. T. Sandybayev, V. M. Strochkov, N. M. Rametov, Olga V. Chervyakova, Yerbol Burashev, K. A. Shorayeva, Mukhit Orynbayev, Kulyaisan Sultankulova, Abylay Sansyzbay, and Nurlan Kozhabergenov
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Veterinary Medicine ,0301 basic medicine ,Time Factors ,animal structures ,Microarray ,animal diseases ,viruses ,030106 microbiology ,Rapid diagnosis ,Avian infections ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Newcastle disease ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Infectious bursal disease ,Birds ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,Complementary DNA ,medicine ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Gene ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Bird Diseases ,Research ,Microarray Analysis ,Probe ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Virus Diseases ,embryonic structures ,DNA microarray - Abstract
Background We developed a new oligonucleotide microarray comprising 16 identical subarrays for simultaneous rapid detection of avian viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infection bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in single- and mixed-virus infections. The objective of the study was to develop an oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian diseases that would be used in the course of mass analysis for routine epidemiological surveillance owing to its ability to test one specimen for several infections. Methods and results The paper describes the technique for rapid and simultaneous diagnosis of avian diseases such as avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease with use of oligonucleotide microarray, conditions for hybridization of fluorescent-labelled viral cDNA on the microarray and its specificity tested with use of AIV, NDV, IBV, IBDV strains as well as biomaterials from poultry. Sensitivity and specificity of the developed microarray was evaluated with use of 122 specimens of biological material: 44 cloacal swabs from sick birds and 78 tissue specimens from dead wild and domestic birds, as well as with use of 15 AIV, NDV, IBV and IBDV strains, different in their origin, epidemiological and biological characteristics (RIBSP Microbial Collection). This microarray demonstrates high diagnostic sensitivity (99.16% within 95% CI limits 97.36–100%) and specificity (100%). Specificity of the developed technique was confirmed by direct sequencing of NP and M (AIV), VP2 (IBDV), S1 (IBV), NP (NDV) gene fragments. Conclusion Diagnostic effectiveness of the developed DNA microarray is 99.18% and therefore it can be used in mass survey for specific detection of AIV, NDV, IBV and IBDV circulating in the region in the course of epidemiological surveillance. Rather simple method for rapid diagnosis of avian viral diseases that several times shortens duration of assay versus classical diagnostic methods is proposed.
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- 2017
10. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: An emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus
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Changhee Lee
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Swine ,Review ,Disease ,Global Health ,medicine.disease_cause ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Pathogenesis, Preventive measures ,Disease Outbreaks ,Virology ,Global health ,Animals ,Medicine ,Mortality ,Epizootic ,Coronavirus ,Swine Diseases ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Molecular epidemiology ,biology ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ,Genetic Variation ,Outbreak ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,PED, PEDV, Review, Molecular epidemiology, Diagnosis ,Communicable Disease Control ,Viral disease ,Erratum ,Coronavirus Infections ,business - Abstract
The enteric disease of swine recognized in the early 1970s in Europe was initially described as “epidemic viral diarrhea” and is now termed “porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)”. The coronavirus referred to as PED virus (PEDV) was determined to be the etiologic agent of this disease in the late 1970s. Since then the disease has been reported in Europe and Asia, but the most severe outbreaks have occurred predominantly in Asian swine-producing countries. Most recently, PED first emerged in early 2013 in the United States that caused high morbidity and mortality associated with PED, remarkably affecting US pig production, and spread further to Canada and Mexico. Soon thereafter, large-scale PED epidemics recurred through the pork industry in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. These recent outbreaks and global re-emergence of PED require urgent attention and deeper understanding of PEDV biology and pathogenic mechanisms. This paper highlights the current knowledge of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of PEDV, as well as prevention and control measures against PEDV infection. More information about the virus and the disease is still necessary for the development of effective vaccines and control strategies. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further basic and applied studies and encourage collaboration among producers, researchers, and swine veterinarians to provide answers that improve our understanding of PEDV and PED in an effort to eliminate this economically significant viral disease, which emerged or re-emerged worldwide.
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- 2015
11. Lack of detection of host associated differences in Newcastle disease viruses of genotype VIId isolated from chickens and geese
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Qing Sun, Qingqing Song, Xiufan Liu, Yantao Wu, Lei Zhong, Yuyang Wang, Yan Kai, Xiaobo Wang, Xiaoquan Wang, Zhiqiang Duan, and Shunlin Hu
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China ,animal structures ,Genotype ,Newcastle Disease ,Newcastle disease virus ,Sequence Homology ,Virulence ,Newcastle disease ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Goose ,Genetic ,Virology ,biology.animal ,Geese ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Bird Diseases ,Research ,Phenotypic ,Outbreak ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Genotype VIId Newcastle disease virus ,embryonic structures ,Flock ,Chickens - Abstract
Background The goose is usually considered to be resistant even to strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that are markedly virulent for chickens. However, ND outbreaks have been frequently reported in goose flocks in China since the late 1990s with the concurrent emergence of genotype VIId NDV in chickens. Although the NDVs isolated from both chickens and geese in the past 15 years have been predominantly VIId viruses, published data comparing goose- and chicken-originated ND viruses are scarce and controversial. Results In this paper, we compared genotype VIId NDVs originated from geese and chickens genetically and pathologically. Ten entire genomic sequences and 329 complete coding sequences of individual genes from genotype VIId NDVs of both goose- and chicken-origin were analyzed. We then randomly selected two goose-originated and two chicken-originated VIId NDVs and compared their pathobiology in both geese and chickens in vivo and in vitro with genotype IV virus Herts/33 as a reference. The results showed that all the VIId NDVs either from geese or from chickens shared high sequence homology and characteristic amino acid substitutions and clustered together in phylogenetic trees. In addition, geese and chickens infected by goose or chicken VIId viruses manifested very similar pathological features distinct from those of birds infected with Herts/33. Conclusions There is no genetic or phenotypic difference between genotype VIId NDVs originated from geese and chickens. Therefore, no species-preference exists for either goose or chicken viruses and more attention should be paid to the trans-species transmission of VIId NDVs between geese and chickens for the control and eradication of ND.
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- 2012
12. Characterization of duck enteritis virus UL53 gene and glycoprotein K
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Renyong Jia, Mingshu Wang, Dekang Zhu, Xiaoyue Chen, Jun Xiang, Shunchuan Zhang, Ying Wu, Zhengli Chen, Xiaoyuan Yang, Qihui Luo, and Anchun Cheng
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animal structures ,Transcription, Genetic ,Mardivirus ,Blotting, Western ,Mutant ,Virus Replication ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Late protein ,Viral Proteins ,Transcription (biology) ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Gene ,Cells, Cultured ,Poultry Diseases ,Messenger RNA ,biology ,Research ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Fibroblasts ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Gene expression profiling ,Ducks ,Infectious Diseases ,Herpes simplex virus ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,embryonic structures - Abstract
Background Most of the previous research work had focused on the epidemiology and prevention of duck enteritis virus (DEV). Whilst with the development of protocols in molecular biology, nowadays more and more information about the genes of DEV was reported. But little information about DEV UL53 gene and glycoprotein K(gK) was known except our reported data. Results In our paper, the fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR(FQ-RT-PCR) assay and nucleic acid inhibition test were used to study the transcription characteristic of the DEV UL53 gene. Except detecting the mRNA of DEV UL53 gene, the product gK encoded by UL53 gene was detected through the expression kinetics of UL53 gene by the purified rabbit anti-UL53 protein polyclonal antibodies. Western-blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to detect gK. From the results of these experiments, the UL53 gene and gK were respectively identified as a late gene and a really late protein. On the other hand, the indirect immunofluorescence assay provided another information that the intracellular localization of DEV gK was mainly distributed in cytoplasm. Conclusions By way of conclusions, we conceded that DEV UL53 gene is a really late gene, which is coincident with properties of UL53 homologs from other herpesvirus, such as ILTV(Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus) and HSV-1(Herpes simplex virus type 1). The properties of intracellular localization about gK protein provided a foundation for further functional analysis and further studies will be focused on constructing of the UL53 gene DEV mutant.
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- 2011
13. Comparative analysis of oncogenic genes revealed unique evolutionary features of field Marek's disease virus prevalent in recent years in China
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Nianli Zou, Xintian Wen, Cheng Liu, Mingxing Tian, Yan Lin, Yang Zhao, Yong Huang, Sanjie Cao, and Ping Liu
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China ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Virulence ,Sequence alignment ,Biology ,Virus ,Homology (biology) ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Evolution, Molecular ,Virology ,Marek Disease ,Prevalence ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Antigens, Viral ,Herpesvirus 2, Gallid ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,Poultry Diseases ,Genetics ,Marek's disease ,Base Sequence ,Phylogenetic tree ,Research ,Oncogene Proteins, Viral ,Phosphoproteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,GenBank ,Chickens ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
Background Marek's disease (MD) is an economically important viral disease of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic herpesvirus. This disease was well controlled since the widespread use of commercial vaccines, but field MDVs have shown continuous increasing in virulence and acquired the ability to overcome the immune response induced by vaccines. Nowadays, MD continues to be a serious threat to poultry industry, isolation and characterization of MDVs are essential for monitoring changes of viruses and evaluating the effectiveness of existing vaccines. Results Between 2008 and 2010, 18 field MDV strains were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks in Sichuan province, China. Three oncogenic genes including Meq, pp38 and vIL-8 genes of the 18 isolates were amplified and sequenced. Homology analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequences of these three genes exhibit 95.0-98.8%, 99.3-100% and 97.0-98.5% homology respectively with these of other reference strains published in GenBank. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed that four amino acid mutations in Meq gene and two amino acid mutations in vIL-8 gene displayed perfect regularity in MDVs circulating in China, which could be considered as features of field MDVs prevalent in recent years in China. In addition, one amino acid mutation in pp38 gene can be considered as a feature of virulent MDVs from USA, and three amino acid mutations in Meq gene were identified and unique in very virulent plus (vv+) MDVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on Meq and vIL-8 protein sequences revealed that field MDVs in China evolved independently. Virulence studies showed that CVI988 could provide efficient protection against the field MDVs epidemic recently in China. Conclusions This study and other published data in the GenBank have demonstrated the features of Meq, pp38 and vIL-8 genes of MDVs circulating in recent years in Sichuan, China. Mutations, deletions or insertions were observed in these three genes, and some mutations could be considered as the unique marks of the MDVs circulating presently in China. The paper supplies some valuable information concerning the evolution of MDV which is useful for the vaccine development and control of MD in China.
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- 2011
14. Prevalence, correlates and pattern of hepatitis B surface antigen in a low resource setting
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C. N. Ogbuagu, Ifeanyichukwu U. Ezebialu, Uzoamaka A. Eke, CI Okafor, and Ahizechukwu C. Eke
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Adult ,HBsAg ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Nigeria ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Young Adult ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Virology ,Statistical significance ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Chi-square test ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Hepatitis B Antibodies ,Young adult ,Developing Countries ,Hepatitis B virus ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Research ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis B ,Confidence interval ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,Health Resources ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria has remained a Public Health issue. It is a major cause of mortality, especially in developing countries. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection is thought to be a major route of transmission in low resource areas. In spite of this, routine antenatal screening for hepatitis B infection is not yet practiced in many Nigerian hospitals. This paper present the findings of a study conducted among antenatal women in Nnewi, Nigeria. Methods It was a cross-sectional study carried out over a 3-month period (August - October, 2009). Recruitment of 480 women attending antenatal clinics in Nnewi, Nigeria was done by simple random sampling using computer generated random numbers. HBsAg screening was done using rapid ELISA Kits. Statistical analysis was computed using STATA 11 package. The results were subjected to analysis using cross tabulations to explore statistical relationships between variables. Chi square test was used to explore proportional relationship between groups. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (providing 95% confidence interval). Results Four hundred and eighty pregnant women were recruited into the study. Of these, 40 tested positive to HBsAg, accounting for 8.3% of the sample population. The age of the subjects studied varied from 14 to 45 years (mean age - 24.3 years) while the mean parity was 2.18. The HIV/HBV co-infection rate was 4.2%. The vertical transmission rate was 51.6%. There were statistically significant relationships between HBV infection and previous history of tribal marks/tattoos (χ2 = 27.39, P = 0.001, df = 1), history of contact with previously infected HBV patients (χ2 = 23.11, P = 0.001, df = 1) and occupation of the women (χ2 = 51.22, P = 0.001, df = 1). Multiple sexual partners, blood transfusion, dental manipulations, sharing of sharps/needles, and circumcision were not significant modes of transmission. There was no statistically significant relationship between maternal age, educational level and HBV infection. Conclusion The authors argued that hepatitis B screening in pregnancy should be made routine practice in Nigeria because of the low pick up rate of the infection based only on risk factors for the disease.
- Published
- 2011
15. Hepatitis C virus infection in Brazilian long-distance truck drivers
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Márcia P Espírito-Santo, Carmen Luci Rodrigues Lopes, Sheila Araújo Teles, Nara Rubia de Freitas, Nadia R. S. Reis, Marcos André de Matos, Regina Maria Bringel Martins, and Elisabeth Lampe
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Genotype ,Cross-sectional study ,Hepatitis C virus ,Hepacivirus ,Immunoblotting ,Population ,Short Report ,Prevalence ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Viral Nonstructural Proteins ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Personal hygiene ,Risk Factors ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,education ,Molecular Epidemiology ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Viral Core Proteins ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,virus diseases ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Hepatitis C ,Hepatitis C Antibodies ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,digestive system diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,RNA, Viral ,Population study ,Female ,human activities ,Brazil - Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. Long-distance truck drivers live apart from their family for long periods of time, a lifestyle that favors at-risk behaviors such as unprotected sex with multiple partners and illicit drug use. As data concerning HCV infection in this population are still rare, this paper aims to investigate the prevalence, genotypes/subtypes, and the factors associated with HCV infection in long-distance truck drivers in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 641 Brazilian long-truck drivers who were recruited at a major truck stop located at kilometer 1,296 of the BR-153 highway, which is considered to be one of the longest roads in Brazil. All individuals were interviewed, and their serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) by ELISA and immunoblot. Anti-HCV positive samples were tested for HCV RNA by PCR amplification of the 5' NC and NS5B regions and were genotyped using the LiPA assay and nucleotide sequencing, respectively. Factors associated with HCV infection were identified with logistic regression. The prevalence of HCV infection was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.7-2.8). History of blood transfusion, sharing of personal hygiene tools, illicit drug use and HBV status were factors independently associated with HCV infection in the study population. HCV RNA was detected in 8/9 anti-HCV positive samples, in which genotypes 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 2), and 3 (n = 3) were determined by LiPA. Using phylogenetic tree analysis of the NS5B region, subtypes 1a (n = 1), 1b (n = 2), 2b (n = 2) and 3a (n = 3) were identified. These data show that the prevalence of HCV infection among Brazilian truck drivers was similar to that observed for the general population. History of blood transfusion, sharing of personal hygiene tools, illicit drug use and HBV status were predictors of HCV infection. The HCV genotypes/subtypes identified in the study population are consistent with those circulating in Brazil.
- Published
- 2010
16. Comparative analysis of Panicum streak virus and Maize streak virus diversity, recombination patterns and phylogeography
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Lara Donaldson, Noella Mandakombo, Silla Semballa, Ephrem Kosh Komba, Innocent Zinga, Sunday Oluwafemi, Pierre Lefeuvre, Arvind Varsani, Adérito L. Monjane, Didier Plakoutene, Darren P. Martin, Peter G. Markham, Edward P. Rybicki, Jean-Michel Lett, Rob W. Briddon, Joseph Mboukoulida, Electron Microscope Unit, and Faculty of Health Sciences
- Subjects
viruses ,Sequence Homology ,Brachiaria ,Panicum ,Maize streak virus ,Cluster Analysis ,Phylogeny ,Panicum maximum ,Recombination, Genetic ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Geography ,biology ,Geminiviridae ,Infectious Diseases ,endocrine system ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Genome, Viral ,Poaceae ,Zea mays ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mastrevirus ,Indian Ocean Islands ,Virology ,Plant virus ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,neoplasms ,Géminivirus ,Plant Diseases ,H20 - Maladies des plantes ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic diversity ,030306 microbiology ,Host (biology) ,Research ,Panicum streak virus ,Genetic Variation ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Phylogeography ,Evolutionary biology ,Africa ,DNA, Viral - Abstract
Background Panicum streak virus (PanSV; Family Geminiviridae; Genus Mastrevirus) is a close relative of Maize streak virus (MSV), the most serious viral threat to maize production in Africa. PanSV and MSV have the same leafhopper vector species, largely overlapping natural host ranges and similar geographical distributions across Africa and its associated Indian Ocean Islands. Unlike MSV, however, PanSV has no known economic relevance. Results Here we report on 16 new PanSV full genome sequences sampled throughout Africa and use these together with others in public databases to reveal that PanSV and MSV populations in general share very similar patterns of genetic exchange and geographically structured diversity. A potentially important difference between the species, however, is that the movement of MSV strains throughout Africa is apparently less constrained than that of PanSV strains. Interestingly the MSV-A strain which causes maize streak disease is apparently the most mobile of all the PanSV and MSV strains investigated. Conclusion We therefore hypothesize that the generally increased mobility of MSV relative to other closely related species such as PanSV, may have been an important evolutionary step in the eventual emergence of MSV-A as a serious agricultural pathogen. The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are GQ415386-GQ415401
- Published
- 2009
17. Nested-multiplex PCR detection of Orthopoxvirus and Parapoxvirus directly from exanthematic clinical samples
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Vanessa Ferreira, Pedro Augusto Alves, Zélia Inês Portela Lobato, Carlos Mazur, Rafael K. Campos, Giliane de Souza Trindade, Felipe L. Assis, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Erna Geessien Kroon, Marcela M.G. Cota, André T. Silva-Fernandes, and Larissa S. Lima
- Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data ,Cattle Diseases ,Sheep Diseases ,Orthopoxvirus ,Poxviridae Infections ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,law.invention ,Monkeypox ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Virology ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Polymerase chain reaction ,DNA Primers ,Parapoxvirus ,Goat Diseases ,Sheep ,biology ,Goats ,Research ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Viral Identification ,DNA extraction ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Cattle ,Vaccinia - Abstract
Background Orthopoxvirus (OPV) and Parapoxvirus (PPV) have been associated with worldwide exanthematic outbreaks. Some species of these genera are able to infect humans and domestic animals, causing serious economic losses and public health impact. Rapid, useful and highly specific methods are required to detect and epidemiologically monitor such poxviruses. In the present paper, we describe the development of a nested-multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of OPV and PPV species directly from exanthematic lesions, with no previous viral isolation or DNA extraction. Methods and Results The OPV/PPV nested-multiplex PCR was developed based on the evaluation and combination of published primer sets, and was applied to the detection of the target pathogens. The method showed high sensitivity, and the specificity was confirmed by amplicon sequencing. Exanthematic lesion samples collected during bovine vaccinia or contagious ecthyma outbreaks were submitted to OPV/PPV nested-multiplex PCR and confirmed its applicability. Conclusion These results suggest that the presented multiplex PCR provides a highly robust and sensitive method to detect OPV and PPV directly from clinical samples. The method can be used for viral identification and monitoring, especially in areas where OPV and PPV co-circulate.
- Published
- 2009
18. Progressive loss of CD3 expression after HTLV-I infection results from chromatin remodeling affecting all the CD3 genes and persists despite early viral genes silencing
- Author
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Philippe Martiat, Haidar Akl, Arsène Burny, Makram Merimi, Gratiela Dobirta, Bassam Badran, Karen Willard-Gallo, Germain Manfouo-Foutsop, and Maria Moschitta
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 -- genetics ,Deoxyribonuclease I -- metabolism ,CD3 Complex ,Genes, Viral ,Transcription, Genetic ,T-Lymphocytes ,Gene Expression ,T-Lymphocytes -- virology ,Biology ,Chromatin remodeling ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Antigens, CD3 -- metabolism ,Cell Line ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- virology ,T-Lymphocytes -- physiology ,Virology ,Gene expression ,Deoxyribonuclease I ,Humans ,Gene silencing ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 -- physiology ,Gene Silencing ,Epigenetics ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Enhancer ,Gene ,Transcription factor ,Transcription Factors -- metabolism ,T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism ,Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 ,Research ,Antigens, CD3 -- genetics ,Promoter ,Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ,Molecular biology ,Cancérologie ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism ,Infectious Diseases ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
BACKGROUND: HTLV-I infected CD4+ T-cells lines usually progress towards a CD3- or CD3low phenotype. In this paper, we studied expression, kinetics, chromatin remodeling of the CD3 gene at different time-points post HTLV-I infection. RESULTS: The onset of this phenomenon coincided with a decrease of CD3gamma followed by the subsequent progressive reduction in CD3delta, then CD3epsilon and CD3zeta mRNA. Transient transfection experiments showed that the CD3gamma promoter was still active in CD3- HTLV-I infected cells demonstrating that adequate amounts of the required transcription factors were available. We next looked at whether epigenetic mechanisms could be responsible for this progressive decrease in CD3 expression using DNase I hypersensitivity (DHS) experiments examining the CD3gamma and CD3delta promoters and the CD3delta enhancer. In uninfected and cells immediately post-infection all three DHS sites were open, then the CD3gamma promoter became non accessible, and this was followed by a sequential closure of all the DHS sites corresponding to all three transcriptional control regions. Furthermore, a continuous decrease of in vivo bound transcription initiation factors to the CD3gamma promoter was observed after silencing of the viral genome. Coincidently, cells with a lower expression of CD3 grew more rapidly. CONCLUSION: We conclude that HTLV-I infection initiates a process leading to a complete loss of CD3 membrane expression by an epigenetic mechanism which continues along time, despite an early silencing of the viral genome. Whether CD3 progressive loss is an epiphenomenon or a causal event in the process of eventual malignant transformation remains to be investigated., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2007
19. Transplacental transmission of Human Papillomavirus
- Author
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Kamille P Losquiavo, Eduardo P. Serafini, Jovana Mandelli, Renato Luís Rombaldi, and Edineia Zimmermann
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Transplacental transmission ,Placenta ,Population ,Alphapapillomavirus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Genital warts ,Pregnancy ,Virology ,Humans ,Medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Prospective Studies ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,education ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,Gynecology ,education.field_of_study ,Fetus ,business.industry ,Research ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Infant, Newborn ,HPV infection ,Genitalia, Female ,Fetal Blood ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cord blood ,Female ,business ,Brazil - Abstract
This paper aimed at studying the transplacental transmission of HPV and looking at the epidemiological factors involved in maternal viral infection. The following sampling methods were used: (1) in the pregnant woman, (a) genital; (b) peripheral blood; (2) in the newborn, (a) oral cavity, axillary and inguinal regions; (b) nasopharyngeal aspirate, and (c) cord blood; (3) in the placenta. The HPV DNA was identified using two methods: multiplex PCR of human β-globin and of HPV using the PGMY09 and PGMY11 primers; and nested-PCR, which combines degenerated primers of the E6/E7 regions of the HPV virus, that allowed the identification of genotypes 6/11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58. Transplacental transmission was considered when type-specific HPV concordance was found between the mother, the placenta and the newborn or the mother and cord blood. The study included 49 HPV DNA-positive pregnant women at delivery. Twelve placentas (24.5%, n = 12/49) had a positive result for HPV DNA. Eleven newborn were HPV DNA positive in samples from the nasopharyngeal or buccal and body or cord blood. In 5 cases (10.2%, n = 5/49) there was HPV type-specific agreement between genital/placenta/newborn samples. In one case (2%, n = 1/49) there was type specific HPV concordance between genital/cord blood and also suggested transplacental transmission. A positive and significant correlation was observed between transplacental transmission of HPV infection and the maternal variables of immunodepression history (HIV, p = 0.011). In conclusion the study suggests placental infection in 23.3% of the cases studied and transplacental transmission in 12.2%. It is suggested that in future HPV DNA be researched in the normal endometrium of women of reproductive age. The possible consequence of fetal exposure to HPV should be observed.
- Published
- 2008
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