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1. Nomenclature- and database-compatible names for the two Ebola virus variants that emerged in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2014.

Author

Kuhn JH, Andersen KG, Baize S, Bào Y, Bavari S, Berthet N, Blinkova O, Brister JR, Clawson AN, Fair J, Gabriel M, Garry RF, Gire SK, Goba A, Gonzalez JP, Günther S, Happi CT, Jahrling PB, Kapetshi J, Kobinger G, Kugelman JR, Leroy EM, Maganga GD, Mbala PK, Moses LM, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, N'Faly M, Nichol ST, Omilabu SA, Palacios G, Park DJ, Paweska JT, Radoshitzky SR, Rossi CA, Sabeti PC, Schieffelin JS, Schoepp RJ, Sealfon R, Swanepoel R, Towner JS, Wada J, Wauquier N, Yozwiak NL, and Formenty P

Subjects
Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Ebolavirus genetics, Ebolavirus isolation & purification, Guinea epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Humans, Phylogeny, RNA, Viral genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ebolavirus classification, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola virology, Terminology as Topic
Abstract

In 2014, Ebola virus (EBOV) was identified as the etiological agent of a large and still expanding outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa and a much more confined EVD outbreak in Middle Africa. Epidemiological and evolutionary analyses confirmed that all cases of both outbreaks are connected to a single introduction each of EBOV into human populations and that both outbreaks are not directly connected. Coding-complete genomic sequence analyses of isolates revealed that the two outbreaks were caused by two novel EBOV variants, and initial clinical observations suggest that neither of them should be considered strains. Here we present consensus decisions on naming for both variants (West Africa: "Makona", Middle Africa: "Lomela") and provide database-compatible full, shortened, and abbreviated names that are in line with recently established filovirus sub-species nomenclatures.

Published
2014
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2. Filovirus RefSeq entries: evaluation and selection of filovirus type variants, type sequences, and names.

Author

Kuhn JH, Andersen KG, Bào Y, Bavari S, Becker S, Bennett RS, Bergman NH, Blinkova O, Bradfute S, Brister JR, Bukreyev A, Chandran K, Chepurnov AA, Davey RA, Dietzgen RG, Doggett NA, Dolnik O, Dye JM, Enterlein S, Fenimore PW, Formenty P, Freiberg AN, Garry RF, Garza NL, Gire SK, Gonzalez JP, Griffiths A, Happi CT, Hensley LE, Herbert AS, Hevey MC, Hoenen T, Honko AN, Ignatyev GM, Jahrling PB, Johnson JC, Johnson KM, Kindrachuk J, Klenk HD, Kobinger G, Kochel TJ, Lackemeyer MG, Lackner DF, Leroy EM, Lever MS, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Olinger GG, Omilabu SA, Palacios G, Panchal RG, Park DJ, Patterson JL, Paweska JT, Peters CJ, Pettitt J, Pitt L, Radoshitzky SR, Ryabchikova EI, Saphire EO, Sabeti PC, Sealfon R, Shestopalov AM, Smither SJ, Sullivan NJ, Swanepoel R, Takada A, Towner JS, van der Groen G, Volchkov VE, Volchkova VA, Wahl-Jensen V, Warren TK, Warfield KL, Weidmann M, and Nichol ST

Subjects
Evolution, Molecular, Filoviridae classification, Humans, Selection, Genetic, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Filoviridae genetics
Abstract

Sequence determination of complete or coding-complete genomes of viruses is becoming common practice for supporting the work of epidemiologists, ecologists, virologists, and taxonomists. Sequencing duration and costs are rapidly decreasing, sequencing hardware is under modification for use by non-experts, and software is constantly being improved to simplify sequence data management and analysis. Thus, analysis of virus disease outbreaks on the molecular level is now feasible, including characterization of the evolution of individual virus populations in single patients over time. The increasing accumulation of sequencing data creates a management problem for the curators of commonly used sequence databases and an entry retrieval problem for end users. Therefore, utilizing the data to their fullest potential will require setting nomenclature and annotation standards for virus isolates and associated genomic sequences. The National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI's) RefSeq is a non-redundant, curated database for reference (or type) nucleotide sequence records that supplies source data to numerous other databases. Building on recently proposed templates for filovirus variant naming [ ()////-], we report consensus decisions from a majority of past and currently active filovirus experts on the eight filovirus type variants and isolates to be represented in RefSeq, their final designations, and their associated sequences.

Published
2014
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