1. The formation, analysis, and control of chlor(am)ination-derived odor problems: A review.
- Author
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Dong, Zheng-Yu, Lin, Yi-Li, Zhang, Tian-Yang, Hu, Chen-Yan, Pan, Yang, Zheng, Zheng-Xiong, Tang, Yu-Lin, Xu, Bin, and Gao, Nai-Yun
- Subjects
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DRINKING water quality , *ODOR control , *OXYGEN carriers , *WATER disinfection , *DRINKING water , *ACTIVATED carbon , *ODORS - Abstract
• Chlor(am)ination-derived odors have extremely low odor threshold concentrations. • The formation pathways of typical chlor(am)ination-derived odors are summarized. • Detection methods of typical chlor(am)ination-derived odors are reviewed. • Combination methods can effectively remove chlor(am)ination-derived odors. • Future development of chlor(am)ination-derived odors is proposed. Odors and tastes have become universal problems related to drinking water quality. In addition to the typical odor problems caused by algae or microorganisms, the occurrence of odors derived from drinking water disinfection have attracted attention. The chlor(am)ination-derived odor substances have certain toxicity and odor-causing characteristics, and would enter the tap water through water distribution systems, directly affecting drinking water safety and customer experience. This study provided a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, detection, and control of odor substances derived from drinking water chlor(am)ination disinfection. The occurrence and formation mechanisms of several typical types of disinfection derived odor substances were summarized, including haloanisoles, N- chloroaldimines, iodotrihalomethanes, and halophenoles. They are mainly derived from specific precursors such as halophenols, anisoles, and amino acids species during the disinfection or distribution networks. In addition, the change of disinfectant during chlor(am)ination was also one of the causes of disinfection odors. Due to the extremely low odor threshold concentrations (OTCs) of these odor substances, the effective sample pre-enrichment for instrument identification and quantification are essential. The control strategies of odor problems mainly include adsorption, chemical oxidation, and combined processes such as ozonation and biological activated carbon processes (O 3 /BAC) and ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs). Finally, the challenges and possible future research directions in this research field were discussed and proposed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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