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To examine whether nocturnal sleep duration and daytime napping are related to overweight/obesity among adults in Chengdu City.A total of 1276 adults( women 823, men 453) aged 20-70 years were selected by randomized cluster sampling in 2015. The sleep duration rounded up to the hour was determined according to the answer to the question, "How much time do you usually sleep per night?", the nap time of subjects were collected according to the answer by the question, "How many days do you have a nap in a week?". Height and weight were measured to calculate body massindex. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odd ratio( OR) and 95%confidence interval( 95% CI) of overweight/obesity.Approximately 66. 38% of subjects had daytime napping habit. After adjustment for potential confounders, OR( 95% CI) of overweight/obesity was 0. 69( 0. 54 - 0. 88) for nap takers compared with individuals without daytime napping habit. One nap increase in a week was associated with-0. 20, -0. 13 BMI in young adults and middle-aged adults. Very short nocturnal sleep duration(6 hours) and short nocturnal sleep duration( 6-6. 9 hours) was significantly associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity among middle-aged adults OR = 2. 11( 95% CI 1. 20-3. 76), OR = 1. 93( 95% CI 1. 13-3. 34).The frequency of daytime napping was negative associated with BMI among young and middle-aged adults. Short nocturnal sleep duration was associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity among middle-aged adults in Chengdu.

To investigate the intakes of dietary calcium/dairy and the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-15 in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, and to explore the association of dietary calcium and dairy intake with overweight/obesity.1738 children and adolescents were recruited in the cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling method. Information on dietary calcium and dairy intakes was collected using 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Height, weight and waist circumference were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI)/waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index standard deviation (BMI SDS). Overweight/obesity was defined based on the criteria of Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC). Participants were grouped into 3 categories indicating lower, moderate and higher intakes of dietary calcium and dairy, respectively. The association of dietary calcium and dairy consumption with (BMI SDS) /WHtR and the prevalence of overweight/obesity was analyzed after being stratified by gender and age.The prevalence of overweight/obesity in boys and girls were 11.92%/7.04% and 8.04%/6.30%, respectively. The intake of dietary calcium and dairy in girls were much higher than that in boys (P0.0001). Among boys aged 7-9 years, those with higher consumption of dairy had the higher BMI SDS (P = 0.01). Among boys aged 10-12 years, those with higher consumption of dietary calcium had the lowest prevalence of overweight (P = 0.03). However, similar results were not observed among girls.Dietary calcium and dairy intakes seemed to be related to overweight/ obesity in boys, however the associations were inconsistent among different age groups. Associations between consumption of calcium, dairy and overweight/obesity were not found among girls.

To examine the association between foods rich in protein and body composition among children and adolescents in Chengdu.With cluster sampling, a total of 2029 children and adolescents aged 7 - 15 years were recruited in Chengdu as the participants. Information about consumption of foods rich in protein was collected from food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurement was conducted to calculate the indices of body composition, percentage of body fatness (BF%), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI). Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare BF%/FMI/FFMI between food intake groups.Among boys, compared with moderate and higher intake group of red meat, BF% was higher in the low intake group (P0. 05). FFMI was highest in the higher intake group of red meat and white meat, however, in the lower egg intake group, FFMI was highest (P0. 05). Among girls, BF% and FMI were higher in the lower intake group of bean, fish, egg, dairy and dairy product than the moderate and high intake group (P0. 05). FFMI was positively associated with consumption of red meat and was highest in-the lower intake group of egg and dairy (P0. 05).Red meat intake is positively associated with fat free mass in boys and girls. Only in girls, the consumption of bean/fish/egg/dairy and dairy product is primarily associated with fat mass. The different influence between genders needs to be further studied.

To investigate eating behaviors of children and adolescents in Chengdu city, and to explore the associations between eating behaviors and overweight/ obesity among children.A total of 2179 children and adolescents aged 7-15 years were recruited from Chengdu city by cluster random sampling method. A self-designed food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on eating behaviors among children. Anthropometric data were measured to calculate percent body fat (PBF) and BMI Z-score.Obese girls consumed sugar-sweetened beverages less frequently than normal-weight girls and overweight girls (P = 0. 0406). Obese or overweight girls consumed snacks less frequently than normal-weight girls ( P = 0. 0304 ). Boys with higher consumption of snacks had lower BMI Z-score. Boys who often had dinner with their parents had higher PBF and BMI Z-score (P =0. 0010 and P =0. 0339, respectively). Moreover, PBF of boys who had extra meal was significantly higher than those who did not. However, similar results were not observed among girls. Girls who ate breakfast regularly and often had dinner with their parents had lower PBF (P = 0.0004 and P0.0001, respectively).Some of poor eating behaviors, like more frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, not eating breakfast regularly and not having dinner with parents often, may be risk factors of overweight and obesity among children.

To explore the association between food rich in protein and puberty development among children and adolescents in Chengdu city.A total of 1669 children and adolescents aged 7 - 15 years were recruited in Chengdu with cluster sampling. Measurement of pubertal development was conducted among boys/girls and information about consumption of foods rich in protein was collected from food frequency questionnaire. Rank sum test was used to compare food intakes between different pubertal groups.Among boys, the consumption of red meat and white meat increased with increasing degree of testis volume (P0.05). Compared with boys who had spermarche, consumption of red meat, white meat and dairy and dairy products were lower in the boys who did not (P0.05). The consumption of red meat and white meat increased with increasing degree of pubertal group and consumption of dairy and dairy products was highest in the early pubertal group (P0.05). Among girls, bean intake was higher in the B1 and B5 group of breast development and consumption of dairy and dairy product was highest in the B1 group (P0.05). Compared with girls who had menarche, red meat intake was lower, however, consumption of dairy and dairy product were higher in the girls who did not (P0.05). The intake of red meat increased with increasing degree of pubertal group in girls, however, the consumption of bean, fish and shellfish, egg and dairy and dairy product decreased (P0.05).The consumption of foods rich in protein were associated with pubertal development among children and adolescents in Chengdu. However, the different influence between genders needs to be further studied.

To investigate association between the consumption of grain and tubers and pubertal development of children and adolescents in Chengdu city.Cross-sectional valid data from 1902 children and adolescents aged 7 - 18 years in Chengdu were analyzed. Based on food frequency questionnaire, the daily consumption of grain and tubers was calculated. Measurements of pubertal development were conducted among boys/girls.The mean age of spermarche was 12.8, and that of menarche was 12.3. Boys who had spermarche consumed more grain than those had not yet (P0.0001), while girls who had menarche consumed less (P0.01). Consumption of grain was positively associated with pubertal development among boys (P0.0001). Both consumption of grain and tubers were associated with pubertal development among girls (P0.05).Consumption of grain and tubers seem to be correlated with pubertal development among children and adolescents in Chengdu, and the association was not the same in each gender.

To explore the association between overall diet quality and pubertal development among children.A total of 1713 children and adolescents aged 7 - 15 years in Chengdu were recruited by cluster sampling and surveyed using food frequency questionnaires to collect information on their intakes and frequency of all kinds of foods and drinks over the past year. Diet quality of participants was evaluated using Chinese Children Dietary Index. Pubertal development was assessed according to the Tanner method.The mean dietary index score of boys and girls were 57.57 ± 11.32 and 59.73 ± 11.50, respectively. The prevalence of spermarche or voice break was lowest among boys with higher diet quality. Similarly, girls with higher diet quality had a significantly lowest prevalence of menarche. Scores of Chinese Children Dietary Index for both boys and girls with higher degree of pubertal development were the lowest.The overall diet quality of children and adolescents was negatively associated with their pubertal development. Moreover, this association appeared to be stronger in girls than that in boys.

To examine the situation of sedentary behaviors and anthropometric indexes among children and adolescents in Chengdu city.A total of 2164 children and adolescents aged 7 - 15 years old were recruited in Chengdu city by using cluster random sampling method. This study was a cross-sectional study, which aimed to collect data on anthropometry including height and weight etc. and information on sedentary behavior by using the self-designed questionnaire.The time spent on watching TV, using computer and doing homework was longer in boys than that in girls. After having been stratified by gender and age groups, the time spent on sedentary behaviors (including watching TV, using computer and doing homework) was longer in 13 - 15 age group than that in. 10 - 12 and 7 -9 age groups in boys. Similar results were obtained in girls. BMI z-scores and the percentage of body fat (BF%) were higher in girls than that in boys (P0.0001). BMI z-scores in boys decreased with increasing age after having been stratified by gender and age groups and BF% was higher in 10 - 12 age group. However, BF% in girls was increased with increasing age (P0.0001). As three sedentary behaviors were classified into low/high respectively, BF% increased with the time spent on watching TV and doing homework increasing in 10 - 12 age group in girls. The time spent on watching TV increased withthe BMI z-scores increasing.The time spending on watching TV, using computer and doing homework increased with increasing age among children and adolescents in Chengdu. Sedenatry behaviors in girls may be related to BMI z-scores and BF%.