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To indicate emphasis, auxiliary do is used in affirmative contexts (do+) when no other auxiliary is present. It is thus rooted in the grammatical system of do‐support; however, do+ does not always bear stress and can fulfil various discourse‐marking functions (Nevalainen & Rissanen, 1986). Positioned at the intersection of grammar and discourse, do+ constitutes an interesting study for its use in 'non‐native' varieties of English since it can be assumed that the more salient grammatical functions are easier to master for learners. Focusing on Asian Englishes in contrast to Inner Circle varieties, this exploratory paper assesses the frequency and distribution of do+ in the spoken and written parts of eight ICE components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The roles of English within and between the many of the countries which make up Southeast Asia are increasing, and English is constantly being used and negotiated as a mutual means of communication by Asian multilinguals for whom English is an additional language. It is timely, therefore, to consider ways in which these Englishes have been developing, along with the roles English is currently playing. Areas worthy of investigation include the influence of language contact and the motivations for the presence of non-standard forms in these new varieties of English. Given the recent research reviewed in this paper, the criteria by which the use of non-standard forms are classified as characteristic of the particular variety need to be revised. The paper will conclude by considering whether the role of English as a lingua franca in the region has reached its zenith and whether regional language education policy is likely allow the languages of Asia to thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies within the world Englishes paradigm have furnished detailed descriptions of numerous lexical, morphological and syntactic features. Although laudable exceptions exist, pragmatics as well as the concept of pragmatic nativisation have so far been largely neglected in world Englishes – particularly from an empirical angle. The present paper investigates pauses – more specifically the choice between filled (for example, uh, uhm) and unfilled pauses (that is, silence) – in two South Asian Englishes, Indian and Sri Lankan English, in comparison to the culturally distinct British English. Central research questions include: (a) are there variety‐specific differences in the use of filled/unfilled pauses; (b) which additional factors determine the choice between filled and unfilled pauses; and (c) what implications do the results have for the notion of pragmatic nativisation? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a number of key issues in English education and research in Cambodia. Multiple studies on Cambodia often suggest that English is a key component required to transform the standard of life of common Cambodians (Clayton ). To understand the phenomenon of the ever-increasing demand for English in the country, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with teachers and students followed by a needs analysis of English language learners in a tertiary institution. Our findings suggest that these future employees have a great enthusiasm for learning English mostly mediated by economic imperatives, in a changing world that prioritizes proficiency in the English language. Moreover, it was also found that research in higher education in Cambodia has gained increasing interest among English lecturers and students in the Cambodian academic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Southeast Asia is marked by high levels of diversity that carry over into its linguistic habitats. Located at sea routes that connect East Asia, East Africa, the Middle East and Europe, it was a part of major trade network between the 7th and 17th centuries and a geo-political hub that enabled the exchange of political systems and power, goods and services, cultures and religions, languages and people. Its language habitats were marked by high levels of contact and change. Today Southeast Asia is more than a transit region. It is a geo-political entity that is pursuing its own priorities. This paper focuses on the growth and current status of English within different national environments and the developing regional or ASEAN context. It pursues three objectives: (i) to outline the history of English in the context of existing habitats so as to develop research questions; (ii) to highlight linguistic developments which unite or, alternatively, distinguish different varieties of English in the region; and (iii) to raise some implications for educational policies, which are referred to briefly in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Research on English in Singapore has been the topic of many studies from the late 1970s to the present. Past surveys on the topic have tended to focus on the phasing of the study of Singapore English, rather than on the broader issue of English in Singapore per se. From the late 1990s, we see the birth of a new generation of scholars on Singapore English whose doctoral dissertations have focused on Singapore English, and who have focused on the systematic, features-based linguistic description of Singapore English as well as the broader consideration of English in Singapore in general. The present paper takes its reference from an up-to-date compilation of published works of English in Singapore and doctoral dissertations, and attempts a meta-analysis via a systematic coding of all the works done. A critical evaluation of what existing research implies about the theoretical modelling of English in Singapore and areas requiring further research will be elucidated in the final section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Research in world Englishes (WE) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) have long been promoting what Pakir describes as 'common working axioms' (2009: 228) which uphold the pluricentricity of English: the existence of varieties, the acceptance of language change and adaptation, and the highlighting of discourse strategies. These principles have had profound effects on our understanding of the English language and, consequently, on the teaching of the language. In this paper, I argue that, for all the benefits offered by varieties of English, it might not be appropriate to teach varieties explicitly as a model to non-native learners of the language. I make this argument with the Philippine education context in mind, and propose a framework for Philippine ELT that recognizes both the identity and communication functions of the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The Southeast Asian region is undergoing rapid social, economic and cultural change brought about by movements of capital, people and ideas within and beyond the region. The dynamics of independence, nation-building and globalization have had an impact on most of the nation-states in the region, many of which attained independence only in the second half of the 20th century. This paper focuses on the development of Malaysia's language ecology within the context of nation-building, its embedding in the Southeast Asian region, and the global challenges it seeks to meet. Malaysia's languages are an essential component of the nation's ability to communicate internally in a multilingual country and externally to the region and the world. The interplay of English with Malay and other languages, and the tensions that arise and call for responses in education and other domains like the law in the wider multilingual situation are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]