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As a kind of capital, intermediate inputs play an important role that cannot be ignored in the process of production. Their coefficient size reflects a country's economic growth mode. Current mainstream economic growth theories only consider the value added production function, rather than gross output production function, thus ignoring the role of intermediate inputs in the production process and the evaluation of economic efficiency. This paper is based on the statistical characteristics, basic model and empirical test of the basic paradigm. From the perspective of statistical characteristics, China's intermediate inputs coefficients are significantly higher than that of U.S. and Japan and other developed countries. The energy consumption per unit GDP is far over the world average level, which shows that the characteristic of China's economic growth is of extensive growth mode. By using theoretical derivation and numerical simulation, this paper has drawn the conclusion that a country's economic growth mode is related to the intermediate inputs elasticity of substitution, value added rate (VAR), technical level, and some other parameters. Firstly, there exists substitution rather than complementary linkage between primary investment and intermediate inputs. Secondly, economic growth rate shows negative correlation with the size of the elasticity of substitution of intermediate inputs, and the greater, the slower, and vice versa. Thirdly, inverted U shape shows that with the increase of intermediate inputs rate, the equilibrium output increases first and then decreased. In other words, there exists an optimal VAR. In the empirical analysis by using data of China, U.S., Japan and Brazil, the paper proves that there are obvious differences in the elasticity of substitution of intermediate inputs among different countries at their different stages during development. On the one hand, there is a different elasticity of substitution at different stage for a country with a certain independence, and the elasticity of substitution of U.S. is much higher than that of China. On the other hand, there is deviation between the actual VAR and the optimal VAR among these countries, and the deviation of China and Brazil is much larger than that of U.S. and Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the initiation of carbon trading pilots in seven provinces and cities in China, issues of their effectiveness and impact on economy, environment and export are of great significance to policy makers, managers and experts of environmental science. To respond to these issues, we first define the concepts of carbon emission reduction, energy saving and low-carbon economy and discuss policy measures and economic instruments related to carbon emission reduction. Focusing on "quantity control" and "price control", we analyze in detail their implementation process and actual effectiveness in both theoretical and practical points. Also, we present in this paper the mechanism and pathways of carbon emission reduction and their inspiration to China from macro, micro and technical perspectives. We then review the related literature and comment how these academic results can be used to help China to achieve its carbon reduction target at optimal economic costs. Finally, we point out the deficiencies and possible theoretical gaps in the previous studies and present some important issues that need further academic exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's logistics cost has been higher than developed countries for a long time. High oil price since 2010 promoted the increase of logistics costs. The impact of logistics cost on inflation received extensive concern, however there is little related quantitative research. This paper investigated the impact of logistics cost on output and price level in China by a factor-augmented vector autoregressive model (FAVAR). The main findings are the following. First, logistics cost has a negative long-term impact on the output of main industrial products. Second, logistics cost has a positive effect on price levels, especially, CPI responses more significantly to logistics cost than PPL Third, the impulse of logistics cost to CPI and PPI is mainly transmitted through food price. In a word, logistics cost is an important impetus to inflation, and reducing logistics cost is of great importance for expanding output and stabilizing price levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real estate sector is one of inevitable components of the whole national economy. The paper studies the sources of growth of the sector with the help of a structural decomposition analysis based on a partially closed input-output model. The results show that the change of fixed assets formed, the pattern of household consumption and technique improvement are main contributors, while the effect of low income rate of labor is negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, lean construction has gradually influenced ideas and methods of construction management, and played constantly an important role in improving management efficiency and economic effectiveness in some construction enterprises. In international research field for lean construction, last planner system (LPS) is one of the most powerful implementation tools and has become an important part, but in China it is an emerging field. In this paper, the origin, connotation and evolution of LPS are illustrated. A framework of LPS is outlined based on researching the existing literatures. And under the framework, the related studies on its operation mode, operating environment, running evaluation and engineering applications are reviewed. Also the limitations of the existing studies are analyzed and the researches in the future are argued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]