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In China, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop of great importance maintaining the food security and sustainable agricultural development. Jiangsu is one of the main provinces for rice production. After more than 40 years of development, the yield and quality of rice grain have made great progress. Rice grain quality is a complex trait involving production, processing, marketing and consumption of the grain. In this review, we summarize the progress on the genetic basis of main grain quality traits in the rice variety breeding in Jiangsu province and point out the achievement of each milestone. With a focus on the genetic regulation of grain appearance, eating and cooking quality and nutritional quality, we describe the classic genetic rules and molecular basis of rice grain quality traits and review the function of major genes that regulate corresponding traits. The genetics and improvement of grain quality achieved in Jiangsu province was highlighted on the domestic and international rice breeding programs. In particular, with the advance of breeding conception in terms of functional genomics and genetic regulatory networks, the specific molecular design for grain quality improvement will be the future direction of rice genetic breeding program of Jiangsu Province.水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是保障我国粮食安全和农业可持续发展的主粮作物,江苏是我国重要的水稻种植区。经过40多年的发展,江苏水稻产量和品质性状研究都取得了重要进展。稻米品质性状组成复杂,涉及生产、加工、销售和消费多方面。本文对江苏省水稻几个主要品质性状的遗传研究历程进行了概括,重点对水稻外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质的遗传调控研究进行了总结。文章介绍了稻米品质性状的经典遗传规律和分子遗传特点,综述了各个品质性状遗传调控相关的重要功能基因。相关研究成果凸显了江苏水稻品质遗传改良基础研究在国内外的重要地位。特别指出,随着水稻功能基因组学的发展和品质性状遗传调控网络的明晰,未来针对特定或复合品质性状的分子设计育种是江苏水稻品质遗传改良研究中要重点推进的方向。.

Cytogenetics was established based on the "Chromosome theory of inheritance", proposed by Boveri and Sutton and evidenced by Morgan's lab in early stage of the 2020世纪初“遗传的染色体学说”的提出和证明标志着细胞遗传学交叉学科建立,伴随相关学科的发展,20世纪60年代末期细胞遗传学又与分子遗传学相结合,建立发展了分子细胞遗传学交叉学科。分子细胞遗传学以DNA分子原位杂交技术为核心,不断拓展应用领域,为生命科学研究提供了直观、高效的技术手段。原位杂交技术与基因组、细胞生物学等技术结合,被广泛应用于人类、动物、植物的起源、进化、驯化等基础研究和远缘杂交、染色体工程等应用研究。通过形象地展示DNA、RNA、蛋白质在细胞中的实际位置,揭示DNA序列之间的实际位置和顺序、亲缘物种间的进化关系和结构重排、基因组拼接序列的质量、转录水平RNA和翻译水平蛋白质的位置和数量变化等。江苏省遗传学会会员单位南京农业大学、扬州大学、南京林业大学、江苏师范大学、徐淮地区农科院等自20世纪中期开展细胞遗传学理论技术研究,伴随学科发展不断创新,建立了较完善的分子细胞遗传技术体系,并成功应用于开展植物系统进化、远缘杂交、染色体工程、基因组学等研究,取得了一批研究成果。本文将主要综述江苏省在该领域取得的重要进展,并展望未来发展方向。.

Leaf plays important roles during plant development for their function of photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaf development includes initiation of leaf primordium and establishment of leaf polarity. Various studies indicate that leaf development is controlled through the interaction of transcription factors, small RNAs and auxin. This review focuses on re-cent advances in studying on leaf development and morphogenesis, and provides information on the regulation network in the process.

The mature embryos of a Japonica rice, Guanglingxiangnuo, were used for the study on optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Several factors affecting the transformation were investigated and a suitable transformation system was set up. For this transformation system, the HRM medium, based on the MS medium, was suitable for inducing callus from rice mature embryos. The suitable time span of initial culture in this medium was 7-8 days before co-culturing with Agrobacterium and suitable medium for selection was CC medium. Using this transformation system, the Metr gene was introduced into Guanglingxiangnuo, and many transgenic plants were obtained. Most of these transgenic rice plants were confirmed by PCR technique and basta resistance, indicating the T-DNA had been integrated into the genome of transgenic rice plants.