Search

The research aimed to assess the indicators of the feasibility of investment in mango farms in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt and to assess the impact of potential changes in the most important technical and economic variables on the feasibility of investment in the activity of mango production, and to identify the most important problems facing mango farmers. The research relied on two sources of data, the first of which is published secondary data from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. and the second is field data through a questionnaire form for a random field sample for the agricultural season 2018/2019. The number of its vocabulary is 20 farms for mango activity in the Salihiya area, which occupies the area of mango gardens with relative importance the first rate was estimated at 40.07% of the total mango area in Sharkia Governorate, which amounted to about 33.93 thousand faddan. Magnificence in Salhiya region, which amounts to about 13.6 thousand faddan. The technical and economic performance of these farms was analyzed using the farm income statement and the investment analysis list. The research found that the average farm area is about 25 faddan, the average total cost of the farm is estimated at about 1.08 million pounds. of which 27.58% are variable costs, divided into 27.49% direct variable costs, and 0.09% only indirect costs, while fixed costs are estimated at 72.42% of total costs divided into 25.18% direct fixed costs, 47.24% indirect fixed costs, and the average total revenue of the farm was about 3.15 million pounds, and the profit margin for the product was about 65.81%, as a sign of the high profitability of this type of project, the return on investment is estimated at 30.7%, which is higher than the average discount rate announced by Central Bank in 2019 (12.75%), which indicates that this type of projects is financially feasible, and despite the sensitivity of the efficiency of investment in mango activity to the change in technical and economic variables, the profitability of these projects remains financially viable. It was found that the problems facing mango farmers are of high relative importance, and agricultural marketing problems ranked first, followed by irrigation problems, then plant production problems, while agricultural soil problems ranked fourth and last. The study recommends the expansion of mango gardens projects, especially the cultivation of Kate variety in the new lands due to the high values of the various indicators of return on investment. It also recommends overcoming the agricultural problems facing mango farmers to improve the production of mango gardens in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of such research is to recognize some general properties of respondent farmers, determine the level of respondent farmers' knowledge of technical specifications of olive production and marketing, determine the relationship between the level of respondent farmers' knowledge of technical specifications of olive production and marketing and all studied independent variables, determine the level of implementation by respondent farmers of technical specifications of olive production and marketing and all studied independent variations, and define the relative importance of the sources of the agricultural information from which olive farmers take their information related to olive production and marketing, determine the problems which face the respondent olive farmers during production and marketing the crop in addition to their suggestion to solve such problems. This research was conducted in Ismailia Governorate where the biggest three districts in such governorate were chosen for making such research based on the olive cultivated area. Two villages were chosen; from each district, i.e., Al-Kantara Shark, Abu Suweir, and Ismailia. Data were collected from a random sample sized as 260 farmers. Chi square test and coefficient of contingency were used for statistical analysis. Also, timetable description, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and weighted arithmetic mean were used. Resulted indicated that 18.85% of total respondent their level of knowledge of technical specifications of olive production and marketing is weak. Though, around 56.92% of total respondent farmers their level of knowledge is medium. It is clear that 24.23% of total respondent their level of knowledge is high. Moreover, results indicated that 26.53% of total respondent farmers lie in group of low implementation, while 60.77% lies in group of middle execution group, but percentage of 12.70% lies in high execution group. Furthermore, results referred to a significant relation between the level of knowledge of respondent farmers of the technical specifications of olive production and marketing and all the following variatiables, educational status, agricultural area, cultivated area of olive, the non informal social participation, exposure to activities and means of group communication. Results indicated a significant relation between the level of respondent farmers of technical specifications of olive production and marketing and the following independent variations: age, educational status, agricultural area, cultivated area of olive, leadership grade, participationin extension activities and exposure to means of group communication. Results indicated that the most important information sources from which olive farmers take their skills and knowledge in the field of olive production and marketing are neighbors of experienced farmers in the village, fertilizers and insecticides traders, agricultural TV programs and agricultural agent in the village and extension pamphlets. Regarding the problems faced by olive farmers in the field of production are represented in the scarcity of trained agricultural personnel and the rise of their wages, and the rise of irrigation costs. Concerning the problems faced by olive farmers in the field of marketing lie in depending on traditional ways for collecting olive, increase of crop collection costs, control of traders monopalistic over crop marketing prices and the rise of crop transportation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water problem considers one of the main important problems that face Egypt in the current time because of the limited water resources and high growth rate of population (2.56% ). Consequently, water per capita has been decreased below the water poverty level. The study aims at estimating the virtual water balance for Egypt, through estimateing the virtual water quantities for food commodities groups (cereals. legumes. sugars. oils. medical and aromatic plants. vegetables. fruits. nuts and poultry and livestock products). Estimating the total water footprint and its indicators. Estimating water footprint per capita from the annual consumption of food commodity groups an annual average for the period (2012-2015): The main results of the study can be summarized as follows: The highest virtual water quantity is the medical and aromatic plants at Egypt and the world level which representing 11613 m3/ton and 12838.15 m3/ton, respectively. Comparing with the lowest virtual water quantity is sugar crops at Egypt and the world level which representing 207 .5 m3 /ton and 171 m3 /ton., respectively. The total Egyptian imports from the virtual water of the food commodities are estimated at 31363.57 million m3/year. The virtual water imports from cereals and animal products together representing 85 .08% from the total Egyptian imports from the virtual water of the food commodities. The total Egyptian exports from the virtual water of the food commodities are estimated at 2584.17 million m3 /year. The virtual water exports from vegetables and fruits together representing 58.97% from the total Egyptian exports from the virtual water of the food commodities. The net virtual water trade (i.e. the difference betwen the total food imports and the total food exports of the virtual water) is positive consequently. The total water footprints of food commodities are estimated at 117 .3 milliar m3/year. The internal and external water footprint is estimated at 73.25% and 26.75% of the total water footprint of the food commodities. The egyptian per capita consumption of footprint is estimated at 1351 m3 /year. The footprint of cereal and animal products together represents 75.3% of the Egyptian per capita consumption of the food footprint. The internal and external footprint of cereals and animal products is estimated at 73 .3% and 26. 7% of the Egyptian per capita consumption of food footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural extension in the field of protection of the rural environment from pollution uses many extension methods in order to disseminate new information and ideas among farmers to bring about desired behavioral changes whether in their knowledge, skills or attitudes. The extension methods and their aids are the way of agricultural extension in carrying its messages to its different farmers. Therefore, the research aimed at identifying the general characteristics of the respondent farmers, identifying the sources of information from which the respondents draw their information on how to protect the rural environment, and identify the extension methods Determining the relationship between the degree of the respondents' knowledge of the technical recommendations for the protection of the environment and the independent variables studied according to the studied guidelines, to identify the effectiveness of the guiding methods. In reducing the pollution of the rural environment, identifying the problems faced by the respondents in protecting the rural environment from pollution and their proposals to overcome them. The research was conducted on a sample of 252 respondents in Sharkia Governorate selected from four More polluted centers were selected so that a village was selected from each center and the data were collected using a questionnaire form prepared to achieve the research objectives during the months of November and December 2018, and a number of statistical methods were used: repetitions, arithmetic mean and variance analysis. The environment is (25.4%) of respondents who have low knowledge of the technical recommendations for protecting the rural environment from pollution, (12.7%) of the total respondents knowing the technical recommendations for protecting the rural environment from pollution (medium, 61.9%). The respondents were acquainted Technical recommendations for the protection of the rural environment from pollution are high, due to the fact that most of the recommendations for the protection of the rural environment from pollution are considered one of the basic recommendations known by most respondents, and the biggest differences in knowledge of methods of protecting the rural environment from pollution according to the guiding methods (practical illustration). An average of about 38.83 degrees followed by a demonstration meeting with an average of 38.64 degrees followed by field visits with an average of 38.29 degrees followed by more than one method together with an average of about 37.49 degrees. The most effective in the knowledge of respondents to methods of protecting the most important proposals of the respondents to protect their environment from pollution are to help the peasant in the disposal of agricultural and domestic waste, reduce the use of pesticides, and not to burn agricultural waste in the land [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to identify the characteristics of the respondent farmers growing wheat crop, and to identify the informations sources where they get the agricultural knowledge, to identify the respondent farmers knowledge about the extension recommendations, to identify the degree of implementation of the extension recommendations, to identify the most important problems facing farmers in cultivating and harvesting wheat crop, to identify farmers' suggestions and proposals to benefit from the extension fields. This research was carried out in Sharkia Governorate. The sample included 150 respondent farmers. The sample divided into three types: extension fields, neighbour fields, and border fields, each type includes 50 fields. The results showed that there are three categories according to the level of knowledge: Low, medium and high. The results showed that 6.7% of the respondent farmers lie in the low level and they were from neighbour fields. 34% from the extension fields and 60% from the neighbour fields and 14% from the border fields were in the medium category. The three types of fields have the same percentage in the high category of knowledge. The study indicated that the most important problems that face wheat farmers in the extension fields were high prices of pesticides and chemical fertilizers (98%), high prices of seeds (94%), non-contracted before marketing the crop (88%), non availability of seeds in the agricultural cooperatives (76%), lack of labor and high labor wages (54%), shortage of irrigation water especially in the critical stages (44%). The farmers in the neighbour fields face problems of high prices of pesticides and chemical fertilizers (98%), high prices of seeds (92%), non-contracted before marketing the crop, and non-availability of seeds in the agricultural cooperatives (84%), lack of labor and high labor wages (74%), shortage of irrigation water especially in the critical stages (70%). The farmers in the border fields face high prices of pesticides and chemical fertilizers (88%), high prices of seeds (82%), non-availability of seeds in the agricultural cooperatives (70%), non-contracted before marketing the crop (66%), shortage of irrigation water especially in the critical stages (64%), lack of labor and high labor wages (56%). The results indicated that there were several proposals and suggestions to increase the effectiveness of the extension fields of wheat. These proposals were: lowering prices of pesticides and chemical fertilizers (98%), reducing prices of seeds (94%), provision agricultural mechanization (54%) availability irrigation water in the critical stages (44%), the extension agents must follow up the farmers (42%), selecting the extension fields near the high ways (40%), increasing the number of the extension fields (34%) and simplify and ease the extension recommendations (30%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Credit policy is the general framework that includes the set of principles, rules and procedures governing the process of studying, approving, granting and following up of credit facilities, identifying the areas of activity that can be lent, and the related credit ceilings, cost elements and time limits that should not exceed the conditions to be met for each type of credit. The study relied on both descriptive and quantitative methods in analyzing and presenting data and on unpublished secondary data from the Agricultural Bank of Egypt and its branches in Sharkia Governorate. The last two policies adopted by the Bank were the Credit Policy 2015 and the year data were used. The financial statements for the year ended 30/6/2018 were used to reflect them .The study aimed to evaluate the credit policies of the Bank through the study of credit facilities granted by the sample of the study for the two fiscal years and to compare the percentage of total grants and efficiency. Achievement of each type of these facilities, as well as the study of performance indicators for credit policies in the study sample in Sharkia Governorate, and due to the difficulty of obtaining unpublished data and according to the requirements of the study was chosen Bank branch in Abu Hammad, Abu Hammad Village Bank and Helmeya Village Bank were selected according to their relative importance. Within the Abu Hammad branch, the most important results of the study were that the number of bank customers in Sharkia Governorate reached about 219.452 thousand, while the loan portfolio amounted to 2.432628 billion pounds, while the deposit portfolio amounted to 5.089317 billion pounds, covering a coverage of loans amounted to 47.79%. The results indicated that the percentage of total grants for short-term agricultural loans in Abu Hammad Branch and Abu Hammad Village Bank increased in 2018 by 0.1% and 1.8%, respectively, compared to 2017, while in 2018, Helmiya Village Bank decreased by 4.2% from the previous year. 2017, which indicates the efficiency of the grants collection at Abu Hammad Village Bank and Abu Hammad Branch while the collection efficiency of short-term agricultural loans has decreased The attainment efficiency of Abu Hammad branch and Abu Hammad village bank was reduced in general 2018 increased by 4.4%, 3.6%, respectively, despite the increase in the percentage of total grants, which indicates a lack of efficiency, while the Bank of the village of Helmeya in 2018 increased by 9.5% compared to 2017, despite the decrease The percentage of total grants, which indicates the collection of arrears of short-term agricultural loans, and by studying the percentage of total grants for short-term investment loans has increased in Abu Hammad branch and Abu Hammad Village Bank and Helmiya Village Bank in 2018 by about 17.5%, 30.4% and 3.1%, respectively. In 2017, this indicates the efficiency of the total grants in the study sample, as well as the achievement efficiency These loans have increased the collection efficiency ratio in Abu Hammad branch In 2018, the Bank of Abu Hammad and the Bank of Helmeya in 2018 decreased by 14.3% and 4.8% respectively compared to 2017, despite the increase in the percentage of total grants, which indicates shortcomings. The results showed that the total grants for medium and long-term investment loans increased by 27.3%, 4.7% and 25.1% in Abu Hammad Village and Abu Hammad Village Bank in 2018. This indicates that the total number of grants in the study sample is efficient Efficiency ratio declined achievement branch Abu Hammad Bank village Abu Hammad and Bank of the village of Helmeya in 2018 by 8.3%, 15.1%, 29.1%, respectively compared to 2017, despite the increase in the percentage of total grants, and this decline does not reflect the shortfall in the collection efficiency because the periods of repayment of these loans ranges from one year to 5 years for medium-term loans and more than 5 years for long-term loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]