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Background Myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke are the second and third leading causes of death in the world. By identifying the risk factors we can take the necessary measures to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Methods In this retrospective study, 90 MI patients and 90 stroke patients 15 - 45 year admitted to hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences that randomly arranged by the time of hospitalization conducted. Demographics, laboratory test and risk factors were collected using check list. The data analyzed with McNemar and Npar tests by using SPSS 21 version software. Results The most common risk factor in young patient was a history of cerebrovascular disease that in stroke was 31 cases (34%) And in MI was 33 cases (37%). History of cerebrovascular disease with MI was significant 33 (37%), 57(63%), P = 0.047). A history of cardiovascular disease with stroke was significant (20 (22%), 70 (68), P = 0.001). A history of addiction with MI was significant (23 (26%), 67 (74%), P < 0.001). In stroke patients 52 cases (% 57) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was high and in 66 cases (73.1%) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was low. In patients with MI in 46 patients (51%) LDL was high and the 66 patients (73%) HDL was low. Conclusions Young peoples with a history of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular disease and addictions should be considering as target society. Primary health care system must identify high-risk individuals, and policy barriers that prevent implementation of programs to lower death rate.