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To observe the dose-effect relationship of electroacupuncture of different current intensities combined with Morphine of different dosage on alleviating the rats' tibial cancer pain, and explore the possible mechanism, which could provide the experiment basis for alleviating the tibial cancer pain by electroacupuncture combined with Morphine.One hundred female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and eight treatment groups, 10 cases in each group. The rats in the treatment groups were treated by combined therapies of electroacupuncture of different intensities with 2 Hz /100 Hz dense-disperse wave on "Jiaji"(EX-B 2)and different dosage Morphine in 2 factor 3 level conditions, once a day for 6 days. The pain thresholds were observed before the treatment and 0 min, 1 h, 2 h and 5 h after the first treatment as well as after 3 and 6 times of treatments. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was determined by immunohistochemical method.The rats' pain thresholds were significantly increased with electroacupuncture of 2 mA and 1 mA (all P0.01) on the 0 min, 1 h and 2 h of the first treatment, between which there were no significant differences (all P0.05). The pain threshold was still increased by electroacupuncture of 2 mA on the 5 h of the treatment (P0.01), while that of 1 mA failed to take effect (P0.05). After 3 and 6 times of treatments, both electroacupuncture of 2 mA and 1 mA had the effect of increasing the pain threshold (all P0.01), and the effect of 2 mA was superior to that of 1 mA (P0.05), had the synergistic effect with 5 mg/(kg x d) Morphine (P0.05). After 6 times of treatments, both electroacupuncture of 2 mA and 1 mA could inhibit the expression of GFAP (both P0.01), and there was no significant difference between them (P0.05). Both of 5 mg/(kg x d) and 2.5 mg/(kg x d) of Morphine, however, didn't bring about inhibition effect (P0.05).There is a does-effect relationship on electroacupuncture of different current intensity for alleviating the tibial cancer pain in rats. The electroacupuncture with 2 mA, which is better than that with 1 mA, has the synergistic effect with 5 mg/(kg x d) of Morphine. The electroacupuncture can inhibit the expression of GFAP to cooperate with Morphine for the purpose of alleviating the rats' tibial cancer pain.

The questionnaire and the result of 2010' Hwato Cup National University Students' Acupuncture Manipulation Skills Competition were analyzed in this paper. It was showed that the competition achieved the significant effects of enhancing acupuncture manipulation skills for the university students and promoting the standardization on teaching acupuncture manipulation skills. The teachers and students were not very satisfied with the current acupuncture manipulation skill education. In the competition, only the item of reciting the classics achieved more than 90 scores, which just displayed the memory ability. The results of the manipulation competition were generally not very high. It is suggested that concerning to teaching acupuncture and moxibustion in the future, the ratio of class time for improving the practice ability on the human body should be increased and the practice on some manipulation techniques such as inserting the needle by holding the needle tip with the pressing hand, reinforcing-reducing technique by twirling and rotating the needle and warming needle technique should be intensified. It is necessary to enhance the interpretation, emphasis and supplementation on the keys and details of some manipulations of acupuncture and moxibustion.

To study the effect of acupuncture on skeletal muscle endurance in rats as a pre-games assistant training.Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, model and acupuncture group. Acupuncture group was treated at "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Housanli" (ST 36) by twisting mild reinforcing-reducing method for 20 min, no interventions were added on control and model group. Muscle strength was detected in three groups under anaesthetic (after model established in model group, after model established and treated in acupuncture group). Averaged change percentage of mean skeletal muscle endurance (P(m)) and averaged maximum percentage of skeletal muscle endurance (P(max)) were evaluated.(1) 10P(m) in model group decreased more than acupuncture group statistically (P0.05); 20P(m), 30P(m) and 40P(m) in model group decreased significantly compared to those in control group and acupuncture group (P0.05, P0.01). (2) Changes of 10P(max) in acupuncture group was much less than in model group (P0.05); changes of 20P(max), 30P(max), 40P(max) and 50P(max) decreased more in model group than in acupuncture group and control group (P0.01, P0.05).As an assistant training method, acupuncture can postpone descending point of muscle strength endurance to delay sport fatigue.

To observe the therapeutic effect of acupoint electrogymnastics therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia, so as to further popularize this therapy in treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia.Using three-central, randomized, controlled, multi-blind methods, 153 cases were divided into an electrogymnastics group (n = 77) and an electroacupuncture group (n = 76). They were treated with acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA), respectively. Shousanli (LI 10) and Waiguan (TE 5) on upper limbs and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Zusanli (ST 36) on the lower limbs were selected in the two groups. A JD-2008 hemiplegia treatment apparatus was used in the AE group. Fugl-Meyer method was used for assessment of motor function and sense function of the four limbs, balance function and joint activity, etc. before and after treatment.In the motor function and sense function of four limbs, balance function and joint activity in the two groups had significant improvement after treatment (both P0. 001) with no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05).Both acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA) have a similar therapeutic effect on apoplectic hemiplegia, but AE has the advantages of safety, reliability and convenience in operation, so it is suitable for long-term rehabilitation treatment of the patient and for popularization in hospital of basic level.

To understand the standardization of acupuncture manipulation methods at present.Apply "the acupuncture manipulation information analysis system" to analyze the collective acupuncture manipulation methods of teachers and acupuncture and moxibustion physicians, and to find basic rules of acupuncture manipulation methods.In the 6 basic acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulations researched in this study, almost all of the 7 parameters analyzed showed significant differences (P0.01), indicating that the basic acupuncture manipulation of reinforcing and reducing is lack of uniform manipulation standardization, which may be due to acupuncture manipulation having no objective standard as basis; it also was found that there were more differences among various acupuncture manipulations, but the difference between reinforcing and reducing manipulations was reflected in every manipulator's experimental data, and showed the same characteristics as those recorded in traditional acupuncture and moxibustion literatures, suggesting a that teaching and clinical practice of acupuncture manipulation possibly are at the present situation of good qualification and worse quantification.

Acupuncture anesthesia (AA) appeared in 1950s. It originates with Chinese TCM researchers and is one of important achievements of modern medicine. AA was developed vigorously and applied widely between 1960s-1970s. Due to the objective and subjective reasons, clinical application and research of AA in recent 20 years have developed very little. The paper reviews the formation and development processes of AA, analyzes the advantages and mechanisms of AA and its problems, then provides the feasible advice for the development of AA.

The electric characteristics of acupoints have been confirmed by researchers at home and abroad. Because the traditional detection methods are various (mainly are different positions of the reference electrode), and they are influenced by many affective factors, with unstable results and bad repeatability, so the studies of the electric characteristics of acupoints are limited. The acupoint electric characteristic sensing needle is introduced in detail from its design, detection methods and so on, which can detects changes of the acupoint electric characteristics of channels and acupoints in different healthy states real-timely, dynamically and continuously. It not only can avoid those affective factors, and also the detective results are relatively stable and the repeatability is also better.

Through literature review of acupoint electric characteristic (AEC) detection, some problems in the traditional method of AEC detection were found. The major reasons were lack of distinguishing the relationship between the acupoint and "skin on the acupoint" in the electric characteristics, which can not solve those objective and subjective interferential factors in acupoint detection. Therefore, the traditional acupoint detection method is not stable, and its repeatability is no good. The conception to design the probe of acupoint characteristic detection is put forward, which can give a real time and dynamic detection for the electric characteristics of the acupoint's various anatomic layers. Meanwhile, the circumstance of the body tissue is relatively stable, so the detection method can avoid those interferential factors.

To search for a stimulation method for increasing athletes' performance.One hundred and fifty athletes were randomly divided into a trial group and a control group, 75 athletes in each group. Acupoints were stimulated with audio frequency pulse modulated wave and multi-blind method were used to investigate effects of the electric stimulation of acupoints on 30-meter running, standing long jumping and Cybex isokinetic testing index.The acupoint electric stimulation method could significantly increase athlete's performance (P0.05), and the biomechanical indexes, maximal peak moment of force (P0.05), force moment accelerating energy (P0.05) and average power (P0.05).Electrical acupoint stimulation can enhance athlete's rapid strength.

To explore the best pulse waveform of electroacupuncture for treatment of adjuvant arthritis (AA).Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The electroacupuncture groups of AA were treated with different pulse waveforms of electroacupuncture, respectively. Pain threshold, swelling degrees of joint, and contents of 5-HT, beta-EP and LEK in local tissues of inflammation were observed.After the treatment, pain thresholds of the electroacupuncture groups with different pulse waveforms were higher than that of the model group (P0.05, P0.01); the local swelling degrees of inflammation in the electroacupuncture group were higher than that in the normal group (P0. 01), but was lower than that in the model group (P0.05, P0. 01); the contents of 5-HT in local tissues of inflammation in the electroacupuncture groups were lower than that in the model group (P0.05, P0.01); in comparison with the model group, the electroacupuncture of sound-electric wave increased the contents of beta-EP and LEK (P0.01, P0.05) and the electroacupuncture of intermittent wave increased the content of beta-EP in local tissues of inflammation (P0.05).Sound-electric wave is the best pulse waveform of electroacupuncture for treatment of adjuvant arthritis.

To observe effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on antioxidant enzyme and Ca2+(-) ATPase activities and Ca2+ content in mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells in rats of acute swimming exercise and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in increasing sport ability.Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The rats in the acupuncture group and the electroacupuncture group were treated respectively with acupuncture and electroacupuncture before acute swimming exercise. After the swimming exercise, the rats were killed and the skeletal muscle was taken, and then the indexes were determined.After acute swimming exercise, the GSH-Px and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in the mitochondria of the skeletal muscle decreased significantly (P0.05) and Ca2+ content increased (P0.01) in the swimming group as compared with the control group; in the acupuncture group, SOD activity increased significantly (P0.05), GSH-Px and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities increased as compared with the swimming group (P0.05); Ca2+ contents in the swimming group and the electroacupuncture group significantly increased as compared with the control group (P0.01).Acupuncture can protect cells from injury of acute sports and maintain the functions of mitochondria so as to delay fatigue, prolong working time of muscles and prevent muscles from damage.