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Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF), a bulk medicinal material, has long been used in clinical settings. The main/Dao-di production areas are Shandong, Henan, and Hebei. However, no systematic study on the difference in volatile components of LJF from different areas is available at the moment. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to detect the volatile components in 30 batches of LJF from 3 main production areas. Based on the relative odor activity value(ROAV), the key aroma components were analyzed. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to analyze the differential components and characteristic aroma components in the samples from the 3 areas. Finally, 113 volatiles were identified from the samples, which were mainly alcohols, esters, acids, aldehydes, ketones, and alkenes. Among the common components of the three areas, linalool, myristic acid, and α-linolenic acid methyl ester had high content. A total of 15 key and 9 modifying aroma components in LJF were determined based on ROAV. The 15 differential components can be used for origin identification. Among them,(E, E)-2,4-decadienal and hexanal contributed a lot to the aroma of LJF from Henan and α-nerol was a characteristic aroma component of LJF in Hebei. In addition, lauryl aldehyde was a biomarker of LJF from Shandong. This study can provide a reference for the origin identification and quality evaluation of LJF.

Content of multiple components (neochlorogenic acid,L-tryptophan,vicenin-2,isoquercitrin,and astragalin) in Moringa oleifera leaves was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),and the absolute content-time curves were plotted.Based on Fickapos;s law of diffusion and Higbieapos;s penetration theory,the parameters of the equations were calculated,and the measured results were substituted into the mathematical model to fit the equations.The n and a obtained from the equations on the decocting time factor and the solvent volume were close to each other.The dynamic models of the five components are as follows:■.The variation of the content of multiple components in M.oleifera leaves with time and solvent volume was explored.It was found that the content of the components was the highest when the leaves were decocted for 30 min with solvent volume 12 folds of the medicinal material.The dissolution and destruction of components and the diffusion movement of components are the main causes of the content change of M.oleifera leaves at different time and with different solvent volumes.The R~2of the linear equations on the content and the equations on the decocting process (5-30min and solvent volume 12-20 folds of the medicinal materials) was≥0.999 8 and≥0.9,respectively.Thus,the content determination and the decocting kinetic model had high accuracy,which can reflect the change law of the content of key components in M.oleifera leaves during the decoction.This study is expected to serve as a reference for optimizing the decocting technology.

The chromatic values of the broken-fried and single-fried Gardeniae Fructus Praeparatus(GFP) were measured by the color analyzer to analyze the color variation rule, and the contents of 10 main components were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC). The multivariate statistical analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and discriminant analysis were conducted to investigate the color and components of GFP samples. The experimental results revealed that L~*, a~*, b~*, and E~*ab decreased continuously during processing, and the color of samples gradually deepened. The trend and range of chromatic values during broken-frying and single-frying processes were basically identical. Gardenoside, crocin-Ⅰ(C-Ⅰ), and crocin-Ⅱ(C-Ⅱ) showed an obviously downward trend, while the contents of geniposidic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) increased significantly. Shanzhiside, deacetyl-asperulosidic acid methyl ester, and geniposide(G2) showed a downward trend. Scandoside methyl ester rose first and fell later. Genipin-1-O-gentiobioside(G1) went through a decrease-increase-decrease trend. The change trends of component contents during broken-frying and single-frying processes were generally consistent, but the change range was different. Among all the components, scandoside methyl ester and G1 showed obvious change. Because of different stir-frying time, the change rate of each component content in the process of broken-frying was higher than that in single-frying process. Additionally, geniposidic acid, gardenoside, scandoside methyl ester, C-Ⅰ, C-Ⅱ, and 5-HMF exhibited a higher correlation with apparent color. On the basis of above findings, the discriminant function of two frying processes was established, which could be applied to the discrimination of broken-fried and single-fried samples. This study analyzed the dynamic quality change rule of GFP during broken-frying and single-frying processes based on color-component correlation analysis, and found the two methods showed consistent change trend, yet with slight difference in the quality of samples. This study can provide data support for the processing of GFP.

As an important treasure for the research and development of new Chinese medicines, the classical prescriptions have a long medical history in China and are the summary of the clinical experience of the medical experts in the past dynasties. To support the research and development of classical prescriptions,relevant encouraging policies were issued by the state and relevant administrative departments. It is one of the key problems in the development process of classical prescriptions to verify and determine the processing methods of prescription herbal drugs. At present, there is no consensus or standard on such problems of classical prescriptions. In this paper, we sorted out and analyzed the related content of the herb processing for classical prescriptions, summarized the characteristics of the processing methods in the Catalogue of classical prescriptions(First Batch) and the problems faced in the textual research, and put forward some suggestions on the processing and textual research, including four research strategies: sorting out the mainstream methods for herbs in various periods of classical prescriptions, clarifying histological changes in the processing methods, determining the processing methods based on the drug processing characteristics, determining the processing methods based on the processing functions and identifying the processing methods according to the clinical efficacy and indication, so as to provide ideas and references for the research of processing methods involved in classical prescriptions.

The chromaticity space parameters of the samples during the processing of Gardeniae Fructus Praeparatus(Jiaozhizi in Chinese herbal name, JZZ) were measured by the visual analyzer to analyze the color variation rule during the processing of JZZ, and the content changes of total reducing sugar, total amino acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) related to Maillard reaction were measured. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis of the data were carried out by SPSS 24.0 software. The experimental results showed that the objective coloration of the samples in the processing of JZZ was basically consistent with the traditional subjective color judgment; the contents of total reducing sugar and total amino acids showed a decreasing trend during the processing of JZZ, and the content of 5-HMF showed an increasing trend, which was in line with Maillard reaction law. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between the chromaticity space parameters L~*(lightness value), a~*(red green value), b~*(yellow blue value), E~*ab(total color value) and the contents of total reducing sugar, total amino acid and 5-HMF(Plt;0.01), among which the values of L~*, a~*, b~*, E~*ab were positively correlated with the contents of total reducing sugar and total amino acid, and negatively correlated with the contents of 5-HMF. The results of linear regression analysis also showed that these two were highly correlated. In this study, by establishing the correspondence relationship between the color change of JZZ processing and Maillard reactants, wecan not only provide a basis for the objective digital expression of subjective color of JZZ, but also provide a reference for explaining the processing mechanism of JZZ from a new perspective.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the hemostatic effect and mechanism of carbonized Scutellariae Radix on uterine bleeding in the rats caused by early pregnancy termination. Eight unpregnant female rats were selected as normal group. Forty female rats conceived on the same day received mifepristone(11. 4 mg·kg-1) and misoprostol(125 μg·kg-1) to induce model of incomplete abortion in early pregnancy. Abortion models were randomly divided into model group,carbonized Scutellariae Radix water extract low dose group(0. 55 g·kg-1),medium group(1. 10 g·kg-1),high dose group(2. 20 g·kg-1) and positive control group(0. 45 g·kg-1).The uterine bleeding volume was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The pathological changes of endometrium were detected by HE(hematixylin-eosin) staining. The levels of interleukin(IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) in the plasma of rats were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in the uterus of rats were determined by RT-PCR.The protein expression levels of VEGF,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by Western blot. As compared with the normal group,the uterine bleeding volume and histopathological score were increased significantly; microvessel density of endometrial tissues was decreased significantly; the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and the levels of TNF-α mRNA and IL-1β mRNA in the plasma were increased,while the content of IL-6 and level of IL-6 mRNA were decreased significantly. The protein expression levels of VEGF,MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the uterine tissues were also decreased. As compared with the model group,the uterine bleeding volume was decreased significantly in the carbonized Scutellariae Radix medium dose and high dose groups; endometrial repair was promoted,and the microvessel density of endometrial tissues was increased significantly; the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in the plasma of rats were decreased significantly,while the content of IL-6 in the plasma of rats was increased significantly; the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in the uterus of rats were decreased and the expression level of IL-6 mRNA showed an increase; the protein expressions of VEGF,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were decreased significantly in carbonized Scutellariae Radix medium and high dose groups. In conclusion,carbonized Scutellariae Radix showed good hemostatic effect,and its mechanism may be related to the repair of endometrium and inhibition of inflammatory reaction.

In this experiment,the gradation analysis method was used to evaluate the quality of different pieces of Gardeniae Fructus through the extraction rate difference and the difference analysis of the main components in the extract. In this experiment cold-dip and hot-dip methods were used to compare the yield of Gardeniae Fructus extract and the content of chemical constituents with water,25%,50%,75% and 95% ethanol fractions. By weighted calculation,the optimal extraction method of Gardeniae Fructus was determined,and this was verified by practical application. RESULTS:: showed that for the water-soluble extract,cold dip method was better than the hot dip method; and for alcohol-soluble extract,75% ethanol under cold dip method was best. The verification results showed that water-soluble extracts under cold dip methods could be used to significantly distinguish the raw Gardeniae Fructus( GF) and processed( stir-baked) GF( GFP) collected from the market. Meanwhile,this method could be also used to distinguish the same batch of GF,GFP and carbonized GF( GFC) with significant differences,respectively( P0. 05). Ethanol-soluble extract can be used to clearly distinguish GFP and GFC pieces in the same batch( P0. 05). The results of content determination showed that the variation coefficient of components in GF processed products was higher than that in extracts,and the content of hydroxygeniposide was the most significant component between GF and its processed products. It is suggested that the method of water-soluble extract of GF and the determination of the content of gardoside should be combined together to evaluate the quality of GF and its heat processed products.

Commercially available japonica rice and indica rice with different trade names were collected,and then based on the method of rice stir-frying,their many indexes were evaluated,for example the physical and chemical properties such as appearance color,grain type,broken kernel ratio,length-width ratio,1 000-grain weight,specific heat capacity,moisture content,amylose content,and protein content. The discriminant function analysis was used to determine the effective factors affecting the quality of rice as excipients. The results showed that two types of rice could be distinguished by rice color parameter a*,grain parameter circularity,1 000-grain weight and amylose content. These four effective factors can be used as the quality evaluation indexes for fried rice as excipients.Protein is one of the main components of rice,and its content affects the quality of rice. There is a significant difference in the protein content between japonica rice and indica rice. Therefore,protein content should be used as one of the evaluation indexes for rice quality. After comprehensive consideration,it is suggested that the red-green value a*shall not be less than 0. 50; the circularity not less than 53. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 16. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 12. 0% and the protein content not less than4. 0% in the japonica rice; the red-green value a*shall not be lower than-1. 0,the circularity not less than 41. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 13. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 9. 0% and the protein content not less than 3. 5% in the indica rice. In this study,the quality evaluation standards for rice as excipients( japonica rice,indica rice) were supplemented and improved,laying foundation for the development of quality standards for rice as excipients with the rice stir-frying method.

With the publishment of the application guideline for the key project of "Research on Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine" by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2018, the problem of "intelligentization" in the production of decoction pieces of Chinese crude drugs has attracted more and more attention from the industry. Some suggestions on the intelligentization of the production of decoction pieces of Chinese crude drugs in the course of transformation of production mode and innovation of production technology of decoction pieces of Chinese crude drugs" were proposed in this paper, which in order to help the implementation of the project and the development of decoction pieces industry.

By means of various chromatographic methods such as Sephadex LH-20，ODS，and semi-preparative HPLC，ten compounds were isolated from Streptomyces sp. A1693 and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical methods. The compounds comprised 5 butenolides，2 diketopiperazines，and 3 antimycin antibiotics. The structures were identified as (5

To explore the correlation between color of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its quality evaluation,the colors of root bark and transverse section were determined by Precision Color Reader and Visual Analyzer,and the contents of six flavonoids and two saponins in G.uralensis were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The partial least squares regression（PLSR）method was employed to correlate the colors with component contents in G.uralensis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the colors of root bark but significant or very significant differences（P0.05,P0.01）in the colors of transverse section between the wild and cultivated G. uralensis. Compared with those in the cultivated G. uralensis, the contents of liquiritin, isoliquiritin isoliquiritigenin and the contents of ammonium glycyrrhizinate, glycyrrhetinic acid were obviously significant or remarkably significant in the wild G. uralensis.The correlation results showed that there was a significant or very significant correlation between the colors and the effective component contents. This study provides a scientific basis to evaluate the quality of G.uralensis by color and a new reference for the traditional evaluation methods for Chinese drugs.

The qualitative analysis method of ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was established for the chemical constituents in Sanhuang tablets. Waters ACQUITY BEH C₁₈ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used with 0.1% formic acid solution (A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.2 mL•min⁻¹; the sample volume was 1 μL and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The high-resolution quadrupole time-flight mass spectrometry was used as detector with electrospray ion source in both positive and negative models, and the dry gas temperature was 325 ℃. Based on the analysis of mass spectrometry and literature reports, 38 compounds were confirmed, including 1 alkaloid, 1 dianthrone compound, 6 tannins, 7 anthraquinone glycosides, 6 anthraquinones and 17 flavonoids. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method is simple, reliable and rapid to identify the chemical compositions of Sanhuang tablets, and it is helpful to reveal its chemical constituents and pharmacodynamic substances.

Gardeniae Fructus contains volatile ingredients, however, the species and proportions in different processed products of Gardeniae Fructus are different. In this experiment, volatile ingredients were separated by steam distillation with content of 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 0.7 µL · g(-1) in Gardeniae Fructus, fried Gardeniae Fructus, stir-baked Gardeniae Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus fried into carbon respectively. One hundred and twenty-four kinds of volatile components were identified by GC-MS. Fifty-three kinds of volatile ingredients consisted in Gardeniae Fructus accounting for 93.85%, 54 kinds in fried Cardeniae Fructus accounting for 92.01%, 32 kinds in stir-baked Cardeniae Fructus accounting for 91.59% and 43 kinds in Gardeniae Fructus fried into carbon accounting for 90.81%. In this paper, analysis of Gardeniae Fructus by GC-MS provides a scientific basis for elucidating the mechanism of different processed products.

Processed Chinese medicine is the core of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry chain,which directly affects the clinical efficacy and. safety of Chinese patent medicine and clinical formula Decoction pieces. Studied the variation of effective substance in vivo Chinese medicine processing before and after processed, clarifying the effective substance and processing principle is a top priority of the development of Chinese medicine processing. The traditional research method chiefly focus on the variation about chemicals in vitro of processed Chinese medicine, it cannot reveal that the integrity and complexity of processed Chinese medicine efficacy changes, so the change process is the focus of future research in vivo on the base of effective substance of TCM This paper described the research on the base of effective substance of TCM and Processed Chinese medicine research status in vitro, discussed the analytical methods (plasma chemistry, pharmacokinetics, metabonomics) of the dynamic process in vivo about processed Chinese medicine, and pointed out development and related problems in process in vivo on the base of effective substance of TCM, which could provided research ideas and methods for in-depth interpretation of Chinese medicine processing mechanism.

To compare the contents of the main chemical compositions in Gardenia jasminoids before and after being roasted with ginger juice.Four diterpenoid pigments constituents (C-1, C-2, C-3, crocetin) were determined simultaneously by UPLC on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column at 35 degrees C with the methanol-0.5% formic acid anhydrous in gradient elution as the mobile phrase. The detection wavelength was set at 440 nm and the flow rate was 0.4 mL x min(-1). Two iridoids constituents (G-1, G-2) were determined simultaneously by HPLC on an Agilent TC-C18(2) column at 35 degrees C with acetonitrile-0.5% formic acid anhydrous (18:82) as the mobile phrase. The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).After being processed with ginger juice, the contents of the diterpenoid pigments constituents decreased slightly and the contents of the iridoids constituents increased slightly.The contents of the main chemical compositions in G. jasminoids roasted with ginger juice increased slightly with some regularity, but there were no significant differences.

To study the chemical constituents in roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum from Henan.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by NMR, MS spectroscopic methods.Six compounds, Pd-I b(1), marmesinsin (2), rutarin (3), isorutarin (4), 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-7-O-alpha-D-glucuronyl methyl ester (5), 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-7-O-alpha-D-glucuronyl acid (6) were isolated and identified.Compound 5 was a new compound, compounds 5 and 6 were isolated from Peucedanum plant for the first time.

To compare the components and contents of volatile oil in Gardenia jasminoids, Zingiber officinale, G. jasminoids roasted with ginger juice and to provide scientific basis for intrinsic material of G. jasminoids roasted with ginger juice.The volatile oil in the three herbal medicines was extracted by steam distillation, the components were analyzed by GC-MS and the contents of the components were calculated by area normalization method.The contents of volatile oil in G. jasminoids, Z. officinale, G. jasminoids roasted with ginger juice were 1.0, 2.0, 1.5 microL x g(-1), respectively. A total of 89 components were identified by GC-MS. Although 42, 75 and 77 peaks were separated, only 30, 58 and 67 components were identified accordingly, which accounted 94.1%, 90.52% and 94.38% of the whole volatile oil.After being processed with ginger juice, the components and contents of volatile oil in G. jasminoids has been changed obviously.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of gallic acid and catechin in Rheum palametum and to study the changes of gallic acid and catechin content in R. palametum during processing. Method The contents of gallic acid and catechin were determined simultaneously by HPLC on the Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column at 30 degrees C with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.9 mL x min(-1) and the detecting wave-length was 277 nm. Result There were obvious differences in contents of gallic acid and catechin between the crude herbal material and other four kinds of processed products of R. palametum. Compared to crude herbal material, the contents of gallic acid increased evidently increased in the five processed pieces, up to 139. 3% in the processed piece of braising with liquor. The contents of catechin were similar to gallic acid in the pieces of vinegar and the liquor sauted, but nearly not founded in the braising with liquor and the charring products. Conclusion The different processing methods have certain effect on the content of gallic acid and catechin in R. palametum.

To compare of the contents of two stilbene glycoside in five processed products of Rheum palamatum.The contents of trans-3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (a) and trans-3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene-4'-Obeta-D-(6"-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (b) were determined by HPLC analysis at 35 degrees C with methanol-1% acetic acid as mobile phase, the wavelengths were set at 280, 300 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).The two components could be detected in five processed products, and their contents were more close in the no-parched pieces, the vinegar roasts pieces and the wine roast pieces. However, the contents reduced significantly in other two kinds of pieces which were lower than 80 percent of no-parched pieces.High temperature may result in a significant reduction on glycoside in the pieces of rhubarb, and we have received similar results from determination of other glycoside compounds. Further analysis and comparison with the content of their corresponding aglycones, can provide a scientific basis to explain the variation of the material basis in the processed products of rhubarb.

To compare the contents of two anthraquinone-O-glucosides in five different processed products from Rheum palamatum.The content of aleo-emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucoside, rhein-8-O-beta-D-glucoside were determined simultaneously by HPLC on a agilent TC-C18 (2) column at 35 degrees C with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-1% glacial acetic acid (20: 80). The detection wavelength was set at 410 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).The calibration curves for two components were linear within the range of 0.017 44-0.348 8 microg (r = 0.999 8, n = 5), 0.084-1.686 microg (r = 0.999 9, n = 5), and the average recoveries were 97.82%, 97.87%, respectively.The results showed that there were remarkable variation of the two kinds of glucosides contentsamong the five different processed pieces. The contents of the crude pieces, pieces roasted with millet wine and pieces roasted with vinegar were almost the same, while the prepared pieces and charring pieces had evidently reduced contents. The are certain regularity in the variation.

To observe the different effects of water soluble extracts from Cassia obtusifolia and processed C. obtusifolia on anti-oxidation and vasodilatation, and to explore the mechanism of eye-clearing effect.Mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, C. obtusifolia group and processed C. obtusifolia group. Ten male and 10 female mice were in each group. mice were given extracts orally 10 g (20 mL) crude drug/kg for one month, control group were given same volume water. Then the eyeball tissue was harvested to prepare homogenate to test SOD, MDA, LDH and NO. Blood was collected from posterior orbital venous plexus to test ET.Both two kinds of extracts could raise the activity of SOD and LDH, decrease the MDA level. Extracts from C. obtusifolia showed higher effects on above mentioned action. Both two kinds of extracts increased the ratio value of NO/ET significantly, and extracts from processed C. obtusifolia showed higher activity.Both C. obtusifolia and processed C. obtusifolia extracts show obvious anti-oxidation and vasodilatation effects. These results may support the eye-clearing activity of C. obtusifolia.

To compare the contents of iridoid among the fruit, seed, and pericarp from Gardenia jasminoides.The contents of geniposide and genipin gentiobioside were determined simultaneously by HPLC. A Kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C was used with the acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid anhydrous (12: 88) as the mobile phases. The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).The obtained linearity of the two components was better over 0.999 4 and the average recoveries were 99.11%, 98.47%, respectively. The results exhibited the remarkable variation among the different parts of the fruit.The contents of the two constituents in seed were higher than in pericarp.

To compare the contents of five anthraquinone components in five different processed products from Rheum palamatum.The contents of aleo-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were determined simultaneously by HPLC on plogilent TC-C18 (2) column at 35 degrees C with the methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (85: 15). The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).The obtained linearity of the five components was better over 0.999 9 and the average recoveries were 96.44%, 98.11%, 99.30%, 98.00% and 97.86%, respectively.The results showed the remarkable variation regulations show in the five different processed products. Compared to the no-parched pieces, the contents of the five anthraquinone components have evidently increased in the braising with liquor and the charring products, and reduced in the vinegar and the liquor sauted pieces.

To identificate and compare constituents in the HPLC fingerprint of five Chinese herbal pieces from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.HPLC analysis was carried out with methyl alcohol 1% glacial acetic acid as gradient elution, changes in five Chinese herbal pieces and medicinal material under 280 nm and 430 nm were compared.HPLC fingerprints of the no-parched pieces, the liquor and the vinegar roasts pieces were similar, 24 peaks were identified under 280 nm 19 or 22 peaks could be indicated in the braising with liquor and the charring respectively. Under 430 nm, 8 peaks were identified except the braising with liquor.HPLC fingerprints of the no-parched pieces, the liquor and the vinegar roasts pieces are similar while the changes on chemical composition and the content in braising with liquor and the charring are remarkable.

To establish methods of RP-HPLC respectively for content-determination of two types of constituents in the Cassia obtusifolia respectively, and tp determine the constituents between the raw and roasted seeds of C. obtusifolia in order to distinguish the difference of those seeds.HPLC systems consisted of Alltima C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), column temperature at 30 degrees C, flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). Two different mobile phases and detection wavelengths: I , ACN-THF-0.1% H3 PO4 (17 : 3:80), 278 nm; II , MeOH-0.1% H3PO4 (79:21), 254 nm. Analyzed and compared the content of the two types of constituents between the raw and roasted seeds of C. obtusifolia.The calibrate curves of 5 constituents were linear (r0.999 7). The precision and repeatability were perfect (RSD1.6%, 1.8%). The samples were stabile during 24 h.The study provide a better universal reference for evaluating and controlling the quality of C. obtusifolia pieces.

To compare the contents of diterpenoid pigments among the fruit, seed, and pericarp from Gardenia jasminoides.The separation of Crocin 1, Crocin 2, Crocin 3 were carried out simultaneously on a Kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C with the methanol-acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid anhydrous in gradient elution as the mobile phrases. The detection wavelength was set at 440 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).The obtained linearity of the three components was better over 0.999 5 and the average recoveries were 97.50%, 98.76%, 97.67%, respectively. The results exhibited the remarkable variation among the different parts of the fruit.The contents of three constituents in seed were higher than in pericarp.

To study the chemical constituents in roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.Seven compounds, alpha-D-glucopyranose-1-hexadecanoate (1), D-mannitol monohexadecanoate (2), adenosine (3), butyric acid (4), eleutheroside B, (5), apiosylskimmin (6), and mannitol (7) were isolated and identified.Compounds 1-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To establish HPLC fingerprint for the identification of Cassia obtusifolia and compare chemical constituents of the raw and roasted seeds of C. obtusifolia.Chromatographic fingerprint of C. obtusifolia was investigated by RP-HPLC and the gradient elution mode was applied to chromatographic separation. Data were analyzed by fingerprint similarity evaluation software to compare the similarity of the samples for identifying the main chromatographic peaks furthermore.Having compared the HPLC fingerprint of the raw and roasted seeds of C. obtusifolia were compared preliminarily, and 12 main chromatographic peaks were identified.HPLC method can be used in quality control and identification of the raw and roasted seeds of C. obtusifolia.

To investigate the chemical constituents of the roasted seeds of Cassia obtusifolia to illuminate the change of its effective components before and after roasted.Compounds were separated by silica gel chromatography, and their structures were evaluated by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Seven compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract. Their structures were identified as chrysophanol (1), physcion (2), 8-methoxylchrysophanol (3), beta-sitosterol (4), emodin (5), obtusin (6) and obtusifolin-2-O-beta-D-(6'-O-acetyl) glucopyranside (7).Compounds 1-7 were isolated from the roasted seeds of C. obtusifolia for the first time, and compound 7 was a new compound.

To compare the contents of chromones in the different isolation and purification procedures from Saposhnikovia divaricata.The separation of six chromones was determined simultaneously by HPLC on a Kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C with the methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid in gradient elution as the mobile phrase. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).All the obtained correlation coefficient of the six components was over 0.9995 and the average recoveries were not less than 97% (RSD5%), respectively.The method is simple, accurate with good reproducibility. Results showed the better preparation procedure is water-decoction and ethanol-precipitation with resin separation and silica gel purification.

To research the expectorant components in volatile oil from the root and rhizome of Aster tataricus.GC-MS was applied to isolate and identify the compounds. In addition, TLC was used to isolate compound, and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis. At the same time, its expectorant effect was observed by method of the excretion quantity of phenol red in trachea of mice.Seven compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS, they were (R)(-)-p-menth-1-en-4-ol (1), 2-undecanone (2), n-decanoic acid (3), (-)-spathulenol (4), hexahydrofamrnesyl acetone (5), hexadecanoic acid (6), and cis-9, cis-12-octaecadienoic acid (7). A known compound 1-acetoxy-2-ene(E)-4,6- decandiyne was isolated from the root and rhizome of A. tataricus, and it was shown to have expectorant effect.1-Acetoxy-2-ene(E) -4,6- decandiyne, a main compound in volatile oil, had been found to have expectorant effect.

To study the chemical constituents in Gardenia jasminoides.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by NMR, MS spectroscopic methods.Nine compounds, imperatorin (1), isoimperatorin (2), crocetin (3), 5-hydroxy-7, 3', 4', 5'-tetrainethoxyflavone (4), 2-methyl-3, 5-dihydroxychromone (5), sudan III (6), geniposide (7), crocin (8), crocin-3 (9) were isolated and identified.Compounds 1-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Platycodon grandiflorum, as the traditional Chinese medicine, has been employed for dispersing the lung and resolving phlegm soothing the throat, and promoting pus discharge in ancient days. Triterpenoids are its main effective constituents which have dominant activities on antitussive, expectorant, antitumor, antioxidant and immune enhancement. This paper has mainly reviewed the progress of P. grandiflorum on the processing in planting area, chemical constituents, quality standard, pharmacological effects and clinical application in recent ten years, which has provided the important references for its further study, exploitation and application.

To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from the roots of Peucedantu praeruptorum.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by NMR, MS spectroscopic methods.Eight compounds, (-) sclerodin (1), palmitic acid (2), (+)-praeruptorin E (3), bergapten (4), imperatorin (5), 2,6-dimethyl quinoline (6), tetracosanoic acid (7), and daucosterol (8), were isolated and identified.Compounds 1,5-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To study the chemical constituents in stem rind of Wikstroemia indica.The constituents were isolated by column chromatographies with silica gel and ODS, and identified by NMR, MS spectra.Six compounds, daphnoretin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), quercitin (2), physcion (3), kaempferol 3-rutinoside (4), D-primev-ersyl genkwanine (5), and anabellamide (6) were isolated and identified.All of them were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To study the chemical constituents in roots of Heracleum rapula.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.Nine compounds, osthol ( I ), bergapten (II), xanthotoxin (III), isopimpinellin (IV), imperatorin (V), isoimperatorin (VI), cnidilin (VII), phellopterin (VIII), rivulobirin A (IX) were isolated and identified.Compounds VI, VII, VIII, IX were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To study the chemical constituents form stem bark of Wikstroemia indica.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.Seven compounds, daphnoretin (I), tricin (II), daucosterol (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), umbelliferone (V), genkwanin (VI), and 6'-hydroxy, 7-O-7'-dicoumarin (VII), were isolated and identified.Compound VII was a new compound and compounds III, V were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To compare the pharmacological effect of the main coumarin constituents of Peucedanum praeruptorum from Jiangxi and He'nan.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS and identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic methods. The antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects of main coumarin constituents of P. praeruptorum observed in the present study.The main constituents of P. praeruptorum from both Jiangxi and He'nan showed the significant antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects without obviously expectorant effect.The pharmacological effects of the main coumarin constituents of Qian-hu from Jiangxi and He'nan are similar.

To study the chemical constituents in roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum.The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by MS spectroscopic methods including NMR and.Seven compounds, acetylatractylodinol (I), tanshinone II A (II), tanshinone I (III), cis-3', 4'-diisovalerylkhellactone(IV), cis-3',4'-disenecioylkhellactone(V), (+)praeruptorin B(VI), and beta-sitosterol(V), were isolated and identified.Compounds I, II, III, IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To establish a quality standard of Peucedanum praeruptorum for Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005).The presence of (+/-)-praeruptorin A were identified and assayed by TLC and HPLC, respectively.Linearity of marker was obtained over the range of 0.17696-0.88480 microg (r=0.9999). The average recovery rate was 99.72% (RSD=0.40%).TLC is specific. The method of quantity is accurate, reappearance, simple, rapid, and suitable for the quality control of P. praeruptorum.

In order to discuss the chemical foundation of hematopoietic effect of Siwu Tang, three fractions of different polarities (C1, C2 and C3) were prepared from Siwu Tang and the characteristics of these fractions' constituents were investigated.Fraction C1, C2 and C3 of Siwu Tang and corresponding fractions of Siwu Tang's four ingredient drugs were analyzed and compared, synthetically using the three methods of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).Fraction C1 of Siwu Tang contained various types of compounds, including ferulic acid, paeoniflorin and supposedly ligustilide, etc. Saccharide content in fraction C1 was very little. The major constituents in fraction C2 of Siwu Tang were paeoniflorin, monosaccaride and disaccharide. The major constituents in fraction C3 of Siwu Tang were monosaccaride and disaccharide.With synthetical chromatographic and direct infusion ESI-MS methods, abundant information on composition of fractions of traditional Chinese medicine formulas can be obtained. The results gained with different methods can be compared with each other and corroborate each other, so that the obtained information can be more comprehensive and more definite than that gained with single method. The results of this study are important as references for the discussion of the chemical foundation of hematopoietic effect of Siwu Tang.

To work out a qualitay standard of Radix Angelicae dahuricae.TLC and HPLC were adopted.Four coumerin compounds were identified by TLC, and the contents of two compounds were determined by HPLC.Imperatorin, isoimperatorin, byakangelicin and oxypeucedaninhydrate can be found simultaneously in Radix Angelicae dahuricae. The contents of imperatorin and isoimperitorin are not lower than 0.1% and 0.04% respectively.