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Taking Lonicerae Japonicae Flos as an example, the method ofquot;expert consensus of different regionsquot; was used to screen the representative samples and evaluate their commodity grades. The correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) ofquot;commodity grade-appearance characteristic-component contentquot; were carried out to reveal the scientificity of traditional commodity grade of Chinese medicinal material. By referring to the existing literature and the grade investigation from the sample collection regions, 78quot;initial gradequot; samples were screened out from 118 collected samples. Authoritative experts from four regions(n=4) including Linyi(Shangdong province), Bozhou(Anhui province), Anguo(Hebei province) and Beijing were organized to evaluate their commodity grades, separately. Based on the grade consistency rate(R_i≥70%), 69quot;local gradequot; samples were screened out from thequot;initial gradequot; samples. Based on the average grade consistency rate ■quot;authoritative gradequot; samples were screened out from thequot;local gradequot; samples, including15 first-grade samples, 9 second-grade samples, 11 third-grade samples and 17 fourth-grade samples. For thesequot;authoritative gradequot; samples, the main appea-rance characteristics were quantified and the contents of 13 components were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC). Furthermore, the total contents of 6 phenolic acids, 4 flavonoids and 3 iridoids were calculated, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that 4 appearance characteristics indices were correlated with the commodity grades: color, rate of yellow bars(including blooming flowers), rate of black heads(including black bars), and rate of stems and leaves(including bud debris). Five component content indices were correlated with the commodity grades: chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, sweroside, loganin and the total contents of six phenolic acids. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid, loganin and the total contents of six phenolic acids showed significantly negative correlation with the main appearance characteristics, indicating that the appearance characteristics of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos can reflect its internal quality, and these 3 indices can be used as quality markers(Q-markers). The results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the samples of four grades were classified into four categories, and the samples with the same grades and the same categories accounted for 80.8% of the total samples, while the samples with the different grades were obviously classified into different categories. The results of PLS-DA analysis showed that the samples of different grades showed obvious intragroup aggregation and intergroup dispersion. The above results indicated that it was feasible to evaluate the traditional commodity grade of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos by the method ofquot;expert consensus of different regionsquot;. For the evaluation of traditional commodity grade of Chinese medicinal material, the samples should be representative, expert conclusions should have enough consensuses, and grade determination should be authoritative. As the crystallization of clinical experience, traditional commodity grade can scientifically reflect the internal quality of Chinese medicinal material.

HPLC specific chromatograms of Poria were established, and the concentrations of 10 triterpenoids(16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid, poricoic acid B, dehydrotumulosic acid, poricoic acid A, polyporenic acid C, poricoic acid AM, 3-O-acetyl-16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid, dehydropachymic acid, pachymic acid, and dehydrotrametenolic acid) were simultaneously determined. Chromatographic analysis was conducted on a Welch Ultimate XB C_(18) column(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm). Acetonitrile solution(contain 3% tetrahydrofuran)(A) and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(B) were used as the mobile phase with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 20 μL. The experimental data were analyzed by the SPSS 22.0 and GraphPad Prism 7.0. The established triterpenoids fingerprints were specific, and the 10 components were well separated and showed good linearity(r≥0.999 6) within the concentration ranges tested. The mean recoveries were between 98.53%-103.8%(RSD 1.7%-2.7%). The method was specific and repeatable, and could be used for identification and quality evaluation of Poria. The results showed that the contents of 10 triterpenoids were positively correlated with each other. The contents of 10 triterpenoids of samples collected from producing areas were higher than that collected from markets. The total contents of 10 triterpenoids of samples collected from Hubei and Yunnan province were slightly higher than that from Anhui province, but the contents of samples from Anhui province were varied in smaller ranges.

Guided by the antioxidant activity, the EtOAc-soluble and n-butanol-soluble fractions of the 50% methanol extract of Lonicera japonica leaves were isolated and purified by various chromatorgraphic methods, and the structures were identified by spectral analysis and comparison to the data reported in literature. As a result, nine compounds were obtained and identified as 5-O-caffeoylquinicacid (1), chlorogenicacid (2), 4-O-caffeoylquinicacid (3), luteolin-7-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 --6)] -β-D-glucopyranoside (4), luteoloside (5), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7), 4, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (8) and luteolin (9). The antioxidant activity of the nine compounds were determined by using DPPH free radical scavenging method, and ascorbic acid was used as a positive control. Their antioxidant activities from high to low were 592876134. Among them, luteoloside (5) had the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 0.018 18 g x L(-1), and luteolin (IC50 0.023 6 g x L(-1)) and chlorogenicacid (IC50 0.035 17 g x L(-1)) ranks No. 2 and 3. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of luteoloside and luteolin were stronger than that of ascorbic acid (IC50 0.027 54 g x L(-1)). These results gave a basis for the further study and utilization of L. japonica leaves.

To establish quality standards of Euonymus fortunei, and supply scientific evidence for the quality control of Euonymus fortunei. Empirical and microscopic identification methods were adopted to observe morphological and histological characters. The contents of water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extractive were analysed according to the methods of Chinese Pharmaco- poeia (2010). Dulcitol and reference herbs were used to identify materia medica of Euonymus fortunei by TLC method. The total flavonol glycosides contents were analysed by HPLC method, using quercetin and kaempferol as reference substances. Quercetin and kaempferol were separated on a C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-0.1% formic acid(51:49) as the mobile phase and detected at 366 nm. The flavonoid aglycones content was then multiplied by a conversion coefficient, and the result was the total flavonol glycosides content. The macroscopical identification, microscopic features and TLC methods were proper. The average contents of water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive and total flavonol glycosides were 8.76%, 6.48%, 0.31%, 17.48% and 0.211% , respectively. The quality standards established on the basis of the research results were suitable for the quality evaluation of Euonymus fortunei.

As a part of the project for the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), the quality standard of Sophora flavescens root extract was investigated and established. According to the methods described in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), the water and ash inspections were carried out. The marker components trifolirhizin, sophoraflavanone G, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine in the samples were identified by qualitative TLC. The determination of oxymatrine, matrine, oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine was conducted by HPLC and the total flavonoids were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, using sophoraflavanone G as reference substance. The results indicated the spots on the plate were clear with good resolution and the contents of oxymatrine, matrine, oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine in the 13 batches of the samples were 3.87% - 11.1%, 0.970% - 4.33%, 1.30% - 2.59% and 0.260% - 1.14%, respectively. The total flavoids in the 13 batches of the samples were 3.88% - 7.93%. In the study, the validated methods were reproducible and the established quality standard was feasible, which could be used for the quality control of S. flavescens root extract and related preparations.

To study the technical feasibility of QAMS to determine different structural types of ingredients in Zhizi Jinhua pill, a Chinese patent medicine.Emodin was chosen as the internal reference substance. The relative correction factors (RCF) of berberine, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, aloe-emodin, wogonin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion to emodin were calculated with the peak areas determined at 254 nm. The ruggedness of these RCFs was validated. The contents of emodin in the samples of Zhizi Jinhua pill were determined by using the external standard method, and the contents of the other nine ingredients were calculated by their RCFs. The contents of these ten ingredients in all samples were also determined by the external standard method.No significant differences were observed between the quantitative results of the two methods. The obtained RCFs were credible.The established QAMS method can be used for quantitative determination of different structural types of multi-compounds in Zhizi Jinhua pill. It can provide reference for the quality control of Chinese patent medicine.

This study is to develop a HPLC method for quality evaluation of Euodiae Fructus and related species by simultaneous determination limonin, indole alkaloids (14-fomyldihydroxyrutaecarpine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine), and quinolone alkaloids [1-methyl-2-undecyl-4 (1H)-quinolone, evocarpine, dihydroevocarpine] in the fruits of five Evodia species. Samples were analyzed on a YMC C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with mobile phases of acetonitrile (A), tetrahydrofuran (B), and a buffer solution of 5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate (pH 3.8) (C) in a linear gradient mode. The column temperature was 30 degrees C and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The PDA detector wavelengths were set at 220 and 250 nm. The seven compounds were well separated and showed good linearity (r = 0.999 9) within the concentration ranges tested. The mean recoveries were between 96.7%-102.4% (RSD 1.4%-3.1%). Through the validation, the method was proved to be accurate and repeatable. All the seven constituents were detected in the fruits of five species, but the contents of them varied widely in different samples. The total contents of seven constituents in 16 batches of Euodiae Fructus were 9.46-69.9 mg x g(-1), and the mean content was 28.2 mg x g(-1). The total content of seven constituents in E. compacta and E. fargesii was 25.8, 7.69 mg x g(-1), respectively.

To investigate formation mechanism of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of Lonicera japonica, secologanic acid was enriched and purified from the sun-dried buds of L. japonica by various column chromatography on macroporus resin HPD-100, silica gel and ODS. The stimulation experiments of sulfur-fumigation process were carried out using secologanic acid reacted with SO2 in the aqueous solution. The reaction mechanism could be involved in the esterification or addition reaction. The present investigation provides substantial evidences for interpreting formation pathway of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of L. japonica.

Eight compounds from six Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were determined and multivariate statistics, including principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were used to investigate the potential damaging effect of sulfr-fumigating process. Meanwhile, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb were also detected by using ICP-MS and ICP-OES. In this study, dramatic chemical changes were found that the contents of flavonoid aglycones remarkably increased while those of glycosides and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids were significantly reduced. The PCA score plots showed six samples were clearly classified into the non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated types. And according to VIP1, the most important chemical markers were luteolin, apigenin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside which indicated that the extracted three components might have a marked effect on the discrimination among different group samples. And then, it was found that the residue of sulfur of SHJ were significantly higher than NHJ (P0.05). The established approach was applied to rapidly discriminate sulfur-fumigated HJ with combining the quantitative chemical analysis and multivariate statistical analysis, and then the result will provide some evidence to evaluat the quality of HJ and control its processing.

Wuzhuyu Tang is a classical formula for treating migraine, but its' pharmacological ingredients is unclear yet. Present study employed the everted intestinal sac model to collect the absorption samples of 10 kinds of Wuzhuyu decoction, and then analyzed the contents of 9 ingredients in Wuzhuyu Tang and absorption samples quantitatively or semi-quantitatively by HPLC-DAD method. Reserpine was used to establish the mice model of migraine, and then the contents and activities of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, dopamine, nitric oxide and nitricoxide synthase in brain tissues and serums were determined respectively after oral administration of Wuzhuyu Tang. Using the partial least squares regression method to correlate the total absorption quantity of 9 ingredients and pharmacodynamics. The result shows that limocitrin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1, rutaevine, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine are the main ingredients influenced the effects in absorption samples in everted intestinal sacs, especially ginsenoside Rg1, rutaevine, evodiamine and rutaecarpine among them have obvious improving effects to most pharmacodynamics index, might be the pharmacological ingredients influenced the therapeutical effects of Wuzhuyu Tang treating migraine.

Five compounds were obtained from the stems and leaves of Sophora flavescens Ait. and ten compounds were obtained from the roots of S. flavescens by various chromatography methods including silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESI-MS, as corchionoside C (1), syringing (2), 2'-deoxythymidin (3), coniferin (4), benzyl O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), piscidic acid (6), trifolirhizin (7), kurarinone (8), trifolirhizin-6'-monoacetate (9), sophoraflavanone G (10), isoxanthohumol (11), noranhydroicaritin (12), 4'-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), kushenol O (14) and 6"-beta-D-xylopyranosylgenistin (15). Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the Sophora genus for the first time.

To establish an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of eight ginsenosides in Renshenshouwu capsules.Ultimate C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted for gradient elution, with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), the column temperature was set at 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was 203 nm.A good linearity was observed in the range of 0.242-12.1, 0.222-11.1, 0.251-25.1, 0. 245-24.5, 0.232-23.2, 0.232-23.2, 0.264-26.4, 0.244-24.4 microg for ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3, respectively, with the average recoveries of 102.7%, 103.2%, 101.6%, 101.2%, 102.0%, 100.7%, 101.9%, 102.0%, respectively.The method was so simple, accurate and effective that it could be used for quality control of the above eight components in Renshenshouwu capsules.

Ten compounds were isolated from cultures of the fungus Armillaria mellea by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis and compared their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid (1), orsellinic acid (2), melleolide (3), ergosterol (4), genistein (5), daidzein (6), daucosterol (7), genistin (8), uracil (9) and D-mannitol (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from cultures of A. mellea for the first time. Among them, 14, 6 and 10 had been obtained from mycelia or rhizomorphs of A. mellea. The structure of compound 3 was determined by detailed analysis of its 1D and 2D NMR data in the solvent of DMSO for the first time.

An HPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of rosmarinic acid, oridonin and chrysoplenetin in the aerial parts of Isodon rubescens. Samples were analyzed on an Ultimate C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with methanol and water containing 0.1% formic acid as mobile phases in a linear gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the temperature was set at 30 degrees C. The PDA detector wavelengths were set at 338 nm for rosmarinic and chrysoplenetin and at 242 nm for oridonin. The linear ranges were 0.222-2.78, 0.227-2.84 and 0.005-0.071 microg for rosmarinic acid, oridonin and chrysoplenetin, respectively. The average recoveries of the three constituents were 102.9% (RSD 1.9%), 99.6% (RSD 1.1%) and 102.5% (RSD 0.94%), respectively. This method was proved to be accurate and repeatable, and can be used for quality control of the aerial parts of I. rubescens.

Sargentodoxae Caulis was prepared from the stems of Sargentodoxa cuneata. Twenty compounds from the the stems of S. cuneata collected in Huangshan Mountain, Anhui province, were isolated and purified by column chromatography on macroporous resin (HPD100), silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data analyses as (7R,8S)-3,3 '-5-trimethoxy-4,9-dihydroxy-4',7-expoxy-5',8-lignan-7'-en-9'-oic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(1), 1-O-(vanillic acid) -6-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside(2), 4-hydroxyphenylethyl-6-O-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside(3), citrusin B(4), cinnamoside(5), (-) -isolariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), (-) -isolariciresinol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 1-O-(vanillic acid) -6-(3", 5"-dimethoxy-galloyl) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 4-hydroxyphenyl-ethyl-6-O-(E) -caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), (-)-syringaresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), (-)-syringaresinol di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), aegineoside (12), calceolarioside B (13), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone-4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (14), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone-4-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), (-) -epicatechin (16), salidroside (17), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl ethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (18), chlorogenic acid (19) and protocatechuic acid (20). Compound 1 was a new compound and compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Eleven compounds were isolated from the leaves of Epimedium pubescens by means of various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified as anhydroicaritin (1), icariside II (2), 2'''-O-rhamonosyl-icariside II (3), desmethylanhydroicaritin (4), baohuosaide II (5), epimedokoreanin B (6), acuminatin (7), tricin(8), kaempferol (9), daidzein (10) and 4-hydroxy ethyl benzoate (11) on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. Among them, compound 11 was isolated from Epimedium species for the first time, and other compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

A fraction named GFC-1 with high antioxidant activities in vitro was isolated from the enzymatic hydrolysates of roasted pills of Asini Corii Colla, and the peptides in this fraction were identified. The enzymatic hydrolysates were isolated and purified with anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-25 filtration chromatography successively. GFC-1, a fraction isolated from the hydrolysates, exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacity (DPPH 47. 95% at 2.0 g x L(-1) and ABTS 97.20% at 0.40 g x L(-1). Nine peptides from GFC-1 were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS coupled with TurboSEQUEST search software and Swiss-Prot data base, and a high repetition core sequence GPAGPP*GPP* was also found.

To investigate the effect of different chromatographic conditions on QAMS relative correlation factors (RCF) and relative retention values (RT(R)).C18 columns were used with methyl alcohol-0.4% phosphoric acid water (85: 15) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 254 nm, the column temperature was 30 degrees C, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The five anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were selected to be the objects of study. The RCF and RT(R) among aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, physcion and emodin were determined under different chromatographic conditions.Their RCFs showed no significant difference.The RCFs among anthraquinones established by QAMS can be used as a constant in content determination of traditional Chinese medicines/patent traditional Chinese medicines.

To study the optimum process of removing cadmium irons from extracts of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma with gamma-mercaptopropyl-modified silica gel (MPS) and assess its cadmium ion-removing property.Static and dynamic adsorptions were adopted to detect the cadmium-removing rate. MPS' cadmium ion-removing property was assessed with such indicators as the cadmium-removing rate, the solid content and the HPLC fingerprint.The process parameters of the static adsorption were as follows: 0.20 g x mL(-1) of concentration of extracts, 120 minutes of adsorption time and 15:1 between raw materials and MPS. The process parameters of the dynamic adsorption were as follows: 1:3.5 times between diameter and height, 0.20 g x mL(-1) of concentration of extracts, 0.9 mL x min(-1) of flow rate of the extracts and 50:1 between raw materials and MPS. Before and after the cadmium ion-removing process, the extracts showed no notable difference in solid content and HPLC fingerprint.gamma-mercaptopropyl-modified silica gel (MPS) can effectively remove cadmium ion from the extracts of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma with an excellent cadmium ion-removing property.

To develop a quantitative method for determination of zizybeoside II in Ziziphus jujuba.The samples were separated at 30 degrees C on a Zorbax SB-C18 column eluted with methanol-water (20 : 80) as the mobile phase. Flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm.The calibration curve was linear within the range from 0.046 to 0.582 microg (r = 0.999 9) and the average recovery was 97.2%. 12 batches of the crude drugs purchased from different areas were determined and the contents of zizybeoside II in Fructus Jujubae were fluctuated from 0.013% to 0.041%.The method is simple, repeatable and could be used for the quality control of Z. jujuba.

The research patterns for the pharmacodynamic chemical substances in compound prescriptions of Chinese medicinal materials in recent years were summarized, and the deficiencies of the commonly used patterns were commented on. A research pattern for the pharmacodynamic chemical substances in compound prescriptions of Chinese medicinal materials was raised, which is suitable for the characteristics of the Chinese medicine. The trend of the research work was predicted, which would provide some thinking for the pharmacodynamic chemical substances in compound prescription of Chinese medicinal materials.

To establish a fingerprint analysis method of Qingfengtong capsule by HPLC.The samples were extracted with 70% ethanol in an ultrasonic bath. The extracts were analyzed at 35 degrees C on a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with 0.1 mol x L(-1) potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-solution as mobile phase A, and methanol as mobile phase B. The analysis followed a linear gradient elution program. Initial condition of the mobile phase was 10% B for 2 minutes; then changed to 90% B in 40 minutes. The flow rate was kept at 1.0 ml x min(-1) and the detector wavelength was 262 nm.The main peaks in fingerprint chromatogram of Qingfengtong capsules were separated fairly well. The results of method validation meet the requirements for the fingerprints.The established method can be used for the quality control of Qingfengtong capsules.

To develop an HPLC method for the determination of hyodeoxycholic acid in Bile Arisaema.The methanol extracts were separated on a Diamonsil ODS column eluted at 35 degrees C with a mixture of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (75:25:0.01) at flow-rate 1.0 mL x min(-1). The drift-tube temperature of ELSD was 85 degrees C, and the flow rate of air was 3.0 L x min(-1).Hyodeoxycholic acid in methanol extract was well separated, the relationship of logarithms of injection amount and peak area was linear (r = 0.9998) over the range of 2.4-24 microg. The average recovery was 97.1% (RSD 2.9%, n=5).The method could be used for quality control of Bile Arisaema.

To explore the utility of Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) in chromatographic data for quality control.Chromatographic fingerprints of processed root pieces of Paeonia lactiflora were determined by HPLC, the PFA was used for data processing.The quantitative differences among different growing areas and different processing batches were found with the method.The method could be used in quality control for monitoring between-batch products of traditional Chinese pharmaceutical process.

To develop a quantitative method for the determination of akebia saponin D in root of Dipacus asperoides and provide scientific basis for quality control of D. asperoides.An IPLC analytical method was established using Kromasil ODS column with acetonitrile-water (30:70) as mobile phase and the detection wavelength was 212 nm.The akebia saponin D in root extract were well separated by this method. The linear range is between 0.582 5-9.32 microg, r = 0.9999. The average recovery and RSD of repeatability are 100.3%, 2.3%, respectively.This method is simple, accurate and reliable by evaluating the method validation data and can be used for the quality control of D. asperoides and its preparations.

To provide experimental data for the quality control of processed Paeonia lactiflora, a Chinese herbal medicine.Traditional processing of P. lactiflora was simulated, content of paeoniflorin and water extracts among different preparations were assayed by HPLC; The quantitative correlations among different processing conditions were analyzed, the effects of processing parameters on the contents of paeoniflorin and water extracts were assayed a nanalysed.The controlled processing parameters were correlated with covariables which showed that processing procedures was controllable, and the heating temperature was a factor impacting the content of paeoniflorin.

To provide the experimental data for the quality control of Paeonia lactiflora a prepared Chinese medicinal herb.The contents paeoniflorin among different growing areas and different processing methods methods were assayed by HPLC.The quantitative differences of paeoniflorin content among different growing areas and different processing methods wereanalyzed quantitatively.The quantitative differences among different growing areas were not significant and the quantitative differences among different processing methods within 10%.

To study the cholelitholytic effect and safety of the preparation of Chinese medicine compound.Experiments were performed to study the efficacy of gallstones dissolution of the preparation of Chinese medicine compound in vitro and in vivo. The toxicity was studied by pathological and blood biochemical changes.The preparation of Chinese medicine compound dissolved cholesterol and mixing gallstones in 7 days in vitro and in vivo, no influence on the blood biochemistry and the other organs of the rabbits.The preparation of Chinese medicine compound is effective and safe for treatment of chololithiasis.

To develop an HPLC method for determination of fingerprints and evaluate green tangerine peel (GTP) processed with vinegar.The samples were extracted with 50% ethanol using ultrasonic bath and analyzed on a Chromasil C18 column eluted with methanol and water containing 0.2% acetic acid in a linear gradient program. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.The RSD values of relative retention times and peak areas of main peaks were all less than 5%. The fingerprints of Geqingpi and Sihuaqingpi were different. The fingerprints of the processed and the unprocessed were almost same, and the fingerprint differences among the different batches processed with the same technology from the same unprocessed GTP were not obvious.The influence of processing with vinegar on 50% ethanol extracts were not evident, and the technological pross was stable. It was found that the fingerprints of Geqingpi and Sihuaqingpi were different, but it should be study further.

To develop a quantitative method for the determination of four flavonoids in buds of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae.The sample was extracted by ultrasonic with ethyl acetate for 30 minutes and separated on kromasil ODS column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-1% acetic acid solution (2.5:21.5:76) and detection wavelength was 347 nm.The arcapillin, cirsiliol, cirsimaritin and cirsilineol in bud extract were well separated by this method. Linearities of arcapillin, cirsiliol, cirsimaritin and cirsilineol were good (r = 0.9992, 0.9999, 0.9997, 0.9997) in ranges of 0.035-0.56, 0.043-0.69, 0.040-0.64 and 0.040-0.64 microg, respectively. The average recoveries were 96.8%, 97.3%, 96.8%, 98.5% and RSD the values of repeatability were 2.5%, 3.0%, 1.5%, 3.2%, respectively.The method validation data indicated that the method is reliable and it can be used for quality control of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae and its preparations.

To investigate the chemical constituents in flower bud of Artemisia scoparia.The constituents were isolated and purified by means of various chromatographic methods, and spectroscopic methods were used to identify their structures.Four flavones were isolated and their structures were identified as hyperin (V), eupafolin (VI), pedalitin (VII), 5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-6,5'-dimethoxyflavone (VIII).Compounds V, VI, VII, VIII were obtained from this plant for the first time.

To investigate the chemical constituents in flower bud of Artemisia scoparia.The methanol extract was isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, polyamide and Sephadex LH-20 as packing materials and HPLC, six compounds were obtained and their structures were identified by UV, NMR and MS.Six compounds were identified as beta-sitosterol (IX), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (X), 6-demethylcapillarisin (XI), capillartemisin B (XII), kumatakenin (XIII), isoscoploletin-beta-D-glucoside (XIV).XI, XII, XIII and XIV were obtained from the plant for the first time, and XI is a new compound.

To study the effects of concentration, volume and temperature of aluminium water on the change of chromatoghraphic data of processed Rhizoina Arisaematis.Chromatographic fingerprints of processed Radix Pinellia pedatisecta were determined by HPLC, and multivariate analysis was made for data processing.No change on the whole chromatoghraphic data was observed at different levels of concentrition and volume of aluminium water, while there was a great change at different levels of temperature.

To examine the factors in extracting the minute powder of processed rhizome of Corydalis with vinegar for its application.The one-way variation analysis was used for experimental design. Tetrahydropalmatine was determined with HPLC method. The samples were separated on a Diamonsil C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-TEA phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) (50:50) and detection wavelength was 280 mm.The extraction conditions were established as follows: extraction temperature is 60 degrees C, water-added amount is 20 times the weight of the powder, and extraction time is 30 minutes.The extraction rate of the tetrahydropalmatine in the minute power is about 10% higher than that of the processed rhizome with vinegar. But less water amount, less time, and lower temperature were needed for extraction. The application of minute powder can reduce energy consumption and raise economic benefit in industrial production.

To investigate the chemical constituents in flower buds of Artemisia scoparia.The constituents were separated and purified by means of various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were determined on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectral data.Four flavones were isolated and their structures were identified as cirsilineol (I), cirsimaritin(II), arcapillin(III) and cirsiliol(IV) respectively.Compounds I, III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To establish a quantitative method for determination of cirsilineol in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae collected in Autumn.Sample was extracted with methanol, and cleaned up with polyamide column. ODS column was used with methanol-acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution (24:19:57) as mobile phase. Detection wavelength was 347 nm.Cirsilineol in sample solution was well separated. Linearity of cirsilineol was good (r = 0.9998) in range of 0.1-0.8 microgram. The average recovery was 101.3%, RSD of repeatability was 3.04%.This method can be used for quality control of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae collected in autumn and its preparations.

To develop the identification and assay for chlorogenic acid in commercial Herba Artemisiae Scopariae.TLC method was used for identification with silica gel G plate and butyl acetate-formic acid-water (7:2.5:2.5) upper layer as a developing solvent. Chlorogenic acid in 85% methanolic extract was separated on the ODS column with methonal-3% acetic acid solution (15:85) as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 327 nm.The qualitative method is repeatable. Chlorogenic acid in extracts is well separated, relationship of injection amount and peak area is linear (r = 0.9998) within the range of 0.075-0.6 microgram. The average recovery is 100.9% and repeatability is 1.4%. Ten samples purchased from different areas in the country were identified and quantified with the methods.The methods and data could be used for quality control.