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The compatible use of Veratrum nigrum with asarum, is one of the eighteen incompatible pairs. To research the toxic regularity of the compatible use of V. nigrum and asarum, this experiment adopted the uniform design combining with acute toxicity test, with the number of died animals as the observation indicator. The results showed that the toxicity came from the common effect of V. nigrum and asarum, and V. nigrum after the compatible use, and V. nigrum made a greater contribution to the toxicity caused by the compatible use. But the toxicity did not absolutely enhance with the increase in use of V. nigrum.

Objective: To explore the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in restenosis rats and function of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis., Method: The restenosis model was established by denuding aorta endothelium, rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, A. membranaceus treatment group, A. sinensis treatment group, combined A. membranaceus with A. sinensis treatment group. After intramuscular injection of drugs for 21 dayss, the changes of iNOS in restenosis rats were observed by histomorphology and immunohistochemisty, the effects of A. membranaceus and A. sinensis on iNOS in restenosis rats was also investigated., Result: A small quantity of iNOS were detected in the intima and media of normal aorta, the expression of iNOS was increased on 3 day after denuding aorta endothelium, the expression of iNOS increasd and the color darken along with injury damage and intima thickening. Compared with model group, the expression of iNOS decreasd in A. membranaceus, A. sinensis treated group, A. membranaceus and A. sinensis treated group changed more significantly., Conclusion: iNOS was involved in blood vessel restenosis by denuding aorta endothelium, A. membranaceus, A. sinensis could inhibit intimal proliferation through iNOS.

Objective: To study the radiation-induced blood deficiency and the combination of prescription and syndrome of Siwu Tang using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupoles-time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), in order to discover the changes in metabolic profiles of blood deficient mice induced by radiation, and clarify the relationship between blood deficient syndrome and the mechanism of Siwu Tang., Method: Thirty six C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group and the model model groups and the Siwu Tang group. The model was established by general irradiation with 3.5 Gy60 Coy ray. The animals were sacrificed on the 7th day after radiation and their blood, spleens and thymus were collected and detected using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. MarkerLynx XS software was adopted to identify chromatographic peaks in the total ion chromatogram. Data was processed by making principal component analysis and analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares method among these groups, in order to rapidly identify marks through pattern recognition and analysis., Result: Compared with the control group, lysophosphatide, glucosiduronic acid, monoacylglycerol, erythronic acid, ceramide, aspartate phosphate ester, glyceryl phosphatide were obviously changed in the sera of the model group. Monoacylglycerol, ceramide, lysophosphatide, hydroxybutyric acid, palmitinic acid, 3-hydroxystearic acid, diethylarginine, neuraminic acid, phosphatidylserine were found in metabolites of their spleens. Methyladenosine, sitosterol, carnitine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diglyceride, dimethylarginine, ceramide, hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol were found in thymus of the model group., Conclusion: Analysis on physiological functions of these biological markers show that radiation could induce the disorder of the metabolism of lipoid and carbohydrate and affect the synthesis of some amino acids, and Siwu Tang can reverse these effects.

The research of new herbal drugs involves in new herbal drugs development and renew the old drugs. It is necessary to research new herbal drugs based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The current development of famous TCM focuses on the manufacture process, quality control standards, material basis and clinical research. But system management of security evaluation is deficient, the relevant system for the safety assessment TCM has not been established. The causes of security problems, security risks, target organ of toxicity, weak link of safety evaluation, and ideas of safety evaluation are discussed in this paper. The toxicology research of chinese herbal drugs is necessary based on standard of good laboratory practices (GLP), the characteristic of Chinese herbal drugs is necessary to be fully integrated into safety evaluation. The safety of new drug research is necessary to be integrated throughout the entire process. Famous Chinese medicine safety research must be paid more attention in the future.

Game theory is an important component of complex system theory, specially used in describing bilateral or multiple cooperation and confrontation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription doctrines cover multiple connotation of game theory. Firstly multi-components of Siwu decoction were analyzed by using fuzzy set to get the membership functions. Then the revenue function was contructed and build the Siwu decoction's multi-player game model was built. Lastly the three kinds of different combinations Siwu decoction efficacy were analyzed by using the model to get the best compositions.

Objective: To explore the essence of blood deficiency syndrome and the mechanism of the effects of siwutang based on the characteristic changes in metabolic profiles of C57 mice with blood deficiency induced by compound method of bleeding, starved feeding and exhausting before and after the treatment of Siwutang., Method: Thirty C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals: the control group and two blood deficiency model groups without or with siwutang treatment. The animals were sacrificed after induction by compound method of bleeding,starved feeding and exhausting for 10 days and the blood, spleen, thymus and bone marrow were obtained. The metabolic profiles of serum, aqueous and lipidic extracts of thymus, spleen and bone marrow were investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The NMR spectra were integrated in segments of 0.01, normalized and then analyzed using SIMCA-P software to visualize the similarities and differences in metabolic profiles between these groups., Result: Compared with the control group, the model group contained different levels of lactate, choline, glucose, taurine, alanine, LDL, glycerin, UFA, creatinine, acetoacetate, glutamate and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB). In the Siwutang treated group, the above-mentioned changes were reversed., Conclusion: The disorder of energy metabolism, damage of lymphocyte, and disorder of immune function were observed in blood deficiency model by NMR-based-metabonomics method, and the Siwutang can improve these effects. Metabonomics may be a valuable tool in the pharmacological evaluation of siwutang.

Objective: To discover the characteristic changes of metabolic profiles in C57 mice with cyclophosphamide induced blood deficiency and the effect of Siwutang., Method: An integrated metabonomic study using high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the metabolic profiles of serum, aqueous and lipidic extracts of thoracic gland, spleen, bone marrow obtained from control, model group (intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 250 mg x kg(-1)) and Siwutang treated model group. The NMR spectra were integrated in segments of 0.04 ppm and then analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) using SIMCA-P software to visualize the similarities and differences in metabolic profiles between these groups., Result: PCA result showed conspicuous difference in the metabolic profiles between groups. Compared with the control group, the model group contained lower concentration of lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, choline, glucose, and higher concentration of VLDL/LDL, leucine/isoleucine in serum. Lower concentration of taurine choline, Fbeta:RCH2CH2CO, Epi-coprostanol and lactate were found in both in thoracic gland extracts and spleen extracts. And in spleen extracts, we also found the lower concentration of 3-HB. In the extracts of bone marrow, the lower concentration of lactate, choline, glucosee were observed. When they were dosed with Siwutang 10 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 7 days, the effects above-mentioned were reversed., Conclusion: The injury established by injecting CTX is a kind of proper model to develop further metabonomics researches. The damage of mitochondria, disorder of energy metabolism and osmoregulation are observed in cyclophosphamide caused blood deficiency model by NMR-based-metabonomics method, and the Siwutang can improve these effects.

Objective: To study the effects of 18beta-glycyrrhizic acid and 18alpha-glycyrrhizic acid on mRNA and protein expression of cytochrome P450 3A in cultured rat primary hepatocyte., Method: Rat heaptocyte were isolated by two-step in situ collagenase perfusion method; the hepatocytes were seeded in dishes coated with type I rat tail collagen, culture medium was added and changed daily after gelation, the effect of 18beta-glycyrrhizic acid and 18alpha-glycyrrhizic acid on the expression of CYP3A was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot respectively., Result: Treatment with 18beta-glycyrrhizic acid of primary rat hepatocytes resulted in marked up-regulation of CYP3A1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a concentration dependent manner, while exposure to 18alpha-glycyrrhizic acid of primary rat hepatocytes resulted in marked down-regulation of CYP3A1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a concentration dependent manmer., Conclusion: 18beta-glycyrrhizic acid and 18alpha-glycyrrhizic acid up-regulate and down-regulate CYP3A1 expression at the transcriptive levels.