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A study of 62 cases of elderly pneumonia (EP) in their sixties and eighties with etiologic bacteria confirmed by cultures of sputum, blood or pleural effusion was carried out Greater change of etiologic bacteria of EP in patients of eighties has been found when they were compared with those of sixties. In the group of eighties the incidence of Gram-negative bacilli increased (77%), including pseudomonas aeruginosa (48.39%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.35%) and Enteric coli (9.68%), while Staphylococcus aureus accounted only for 16.1%. There were 2 species of Streptococcus pneumoniae; both were mixed with other bacteria in cultures. In patients of eighties the etiologic agents isolated from pneumonia were more resistant to many common antibiotics. The above mentioned results suggest that the diagnosis of etiology of pneumonia in the elderly should be emphasized.