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The evolution of minimally invasive surgery has gradually lead to the stage of robotic surgery with unprecedented controllability and precision, little trauma, mild tenderness, rapid recovery, short hospitalization, cosmetic appearance, and prominent superiority. It is now extensively and gradually applied in general surgery, cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, urinary surgery, gynecology and obstetric surgery, orthopedic and ophthalmology surgery, etc. Since the introduction of surgical robots into China at the beginning of the 21(st) century, robotic surgery has been developing steadily.

It has been a long time since people recognized the word "Ma Zhui (anesthesia)" which was also recorded in the medical literature of past generations, for example: anesthesia powder, the magic prescription of toad powder of Huatuo, magic sleeping powder, 'knock-out' drops etc. In 1846, etherization was applied in clinic successfully, since then modern anesthesiology has had a process of more than 150 years during which the concept of the word "anesthesia" changed constantly. Reviewing the evolution of the origin and the concept of the word "anesthesia" can be of benefit to recognize and understand the concept and nature of "anesthesia" to improve clinical anesthesia.

The surgical field had put forward the concept of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in 1970' s of 20th century. This concept developed from the original sequential organ failure to multiple system organ failure, and then to multiple organ failure, at last to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Although this developmental process lasted for several decades, the concept of MODS still have many deficiencies and shortcomings until today and need to make further exploration and research.