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Objective: To investigate the features of morphological and functional parameters of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis, and the prognostic values of these related parameters. Methods: The data of 97 patients (including 56 males and 41 females, aged 36 to 71 years) with AL amyloidosis from April 2016 to August 2019 in the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent CMR examination. Those patients were divided into survival ( n =76) and death groups ( n =21) according to the clinical outcomes, and the differences in clinical baseline and CMR parameters between the two groups were analyzed and compared. A smooth curve fitting was used to analyze the association between morphological and functional parameters and extracellular volume (ECV), and Cox regression models were conducted to explore the association between related parameters and mortality. Results: The left ventricular global function index (LVGFI), myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) and stroke volume index (SVI) decreased with increasing ECV [β (95% CI ) was -0.566 (-0.685--0.446), -1.201 (-1.424--0.977), -0.149 (-0.293--0.004), respectively;all P< 0.05]. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and diastolic left ventricular global peak wall thickness (LVGPWT) increased with increasing ECV [β(95% CI ) was 1.440 (1.142-1.739), 0.190 (0.147-0.233), respectively;both P< 0.001]. While left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) began to decrease only at higher amyloid burden (β=-0.460, 95% CI :-0.639--0.280, P< 0.001). The median follow-up time was 39 months (range 2-64 months), and 21 patients died during the follow-up period. The estimated survival rates according to Kaplan-Meier curves at 1, 3, and 5 years were 92.8%, 78.7%, and 77.1%, respectively. MCF<39% ( HR =10.266, 95% CI : 4.093-25.747) and LVGFI<26% ( HR =9.267, 95% CI : 3.705-23.178) were independent risk factors for death in patients with AL amyloidosis after adjusting for other CMR parameters ( P< 0.001). Conclusion: Multiple morphologic and functional parameters of CMR vary with the increase of ECV. MCF<39% and LVGFI<26% were independent risk factors for death.

To meet the challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis, the China Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis Collaborative Group, together with multidisciplinary experts, developed the "Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis" in 2016. In order to introduce progress in this field and better guide the clinical practice, the guideline has been updated recently. The in-depth understanding of AL amyloidosis has not only improved the level of diagnosis and treatment of the disease, but also promoted the integration of multiple disciplines, accelerated the development of clinical trials and the improvement of disease diagnosis and treatment modes.

Objective: To explore the imaging features in age-related cerebral small vessel disease (ArCSVD) with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). Methods: Ten cases of age-related cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 2015 to March 2020 were retrospective analyzed, all patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and completed the head Magnetic resonance angiography plain scan, T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging sequence. Deep marrow venous signs (DMVs), INPH severity (DESH score), cortical/subcortical and deep microhemorrhages (CMBs) statistics, paraventricular and deep white matter damage (WMH) severity and CSVD imaging burden score were acquired, and correlations of DMVs and DESH scores with CMBs, WMH and Burden scores were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: DMVs and DESH scores were significantly and positively correlated ( r =0.965 9, P< 0.000 1). DMVs and DESH scores were not significantly correlated with cortical/subcortical CMBs and deep CMBs. Likewise, DMVs and DESH scores were not significantly correlated with deep WMH. The WMH score of paraventricular of the 10 cases was 3 points, and the Burden score was 4 points. Conclusion: DMVs may be an indicator of the severity of ArCSVD with INPH, due to the small sample size of the current study, more cases are needed for further verification.

Objective: To investigate the effects and value of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) score 3 in the prostate imaging data and reporting system version 2(PI-RADS V2)of peripheral zone. Methods: A retrospective study of consecutive 204 cases of prostate disease in peripheral zone was conducted from January 2015 to January 2018, including 169 cases of prostate cancer and 35 cases of non-prostate cancer. All cases were examined multi-parametric MR imaging on a 3-T MR scanner and confirmed by pathology. Images were analyzed according to PI-RADS V2.Inter-reader agreement of scores was evaluated by kappa coefficient. The constituent ratio of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in PI-RADS V2 overall scores 3, 3+1 and 4 were calculated and analyzed by non-parametric Chi-square test to determine whether the difference in composition ratio was significant. The positive rate of DCE in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) score 3 and 4 were calculated. Results: There were 68.6%(140/204) cases in 204 patients with peripheral prostate disease who scored PI-RADS V2 overall score of 3,3+1 and 4. Kappa value was higher for the PI-RADS V2 overallscore of 4 than 3 or 3+1 in the PZ ( k values of 0.802 vs 0.737 or 0.591, respectively; all P< 0.01). The constituent ratio of csPCa in PI-RADS V2 overallscore of 3, 3+1 and 4 were 16.7%(3/18),43.2%(19/44),78.2%(61/78), the difference of which was significant (χ(2)=29.839, P< 0.05).There was also a significant difference between the constituent ratio of csPCa in the score of 3+1 and 4 (χ(2)=15.286, P< 0.01).The positive rate of DCE in cases of PI-RADS V2 overall score 3,3+1 and 4 was 76.4%(107/140).The positive rate of DCE incases of DWI score 3 and 4 were 71.0%(44/62), 80.8%(63/78),respectively. Conclusion: DCE has a certain value in PI-RADS V2 due to its high positive rate in the detection of prostate cancer in peripheral zone.DCE is helpful to DWI score 3 to improve the detection rate of csPCa.The PI-RADS V2 overall score 3+1 and 4 in the peripheral zone maybe need to be distinguished due to the different detection of csPCa.

Objective: To discover frequently mutated new gastric cancer-related genes by exome sequencing technology and to analyze mutated their relationships with different clinicopathological phenotypes of gastric cancer. Methods: Tumor samples of gastric cancers and preoperative peripheral blood samples from 30 patients were collected respectively from January to March, 2016 in the department of general surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital. Exome sequencing on samples were performed. Using peripheral bloods as control, mutations in tumor samples were discovered by Mutect and Varscan. Frequently mutated gastric cancer-related genes were defined as genes mutated more frequently than TP53. Difference between the mutant and wild-type of certain genes were compared on common clinicopathological phenotypes, such as age, gender, tumor position, differentiation, metastasis lymph nodes, etc. Results: There were 27 frequently mutated genes were founded, most of which showed no relationship with clinicopathological phenotypes of gastric cancer. Cases with mutant and wild-type TAS2R43 showed statistically significant difference in gastric body cancer(55.6% vs 9.5%, P =0.022). Cases with mutant and wild-type ANKRD36C showed statistically significant difference in gastric body cancer (62.5% vs 9.1%, P =0.005). Cases with mutant and wild-type ANKRD36 showed statistically significant difference in proximal gastric cancer (8.33% vs 44.4%, P =0.049). Cases with mutant SYNE1 suffer from less metastatic lymph nodes than those with wild types(2.1±2.4 vs 8.8±9.5, P =0.006). Cases with mutant ADAR are younger than those with wild types(50.7±11.5 year vs 64.0±9.8 year, P =0.006). Conclusion: Mutant TAS2R43, ANKRD36 and ANKRD36C were related to location of gastric cancer. Mutant SYNE1 was related to gastric cancer with less lymph nodes metastasis. Mutant ADAR may lead to gastric cancers in younger groups.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with the disease free survival (DFS) for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma patients undergoing radical resection. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 101 primary duodenal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent radical resection from January 2001 to October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Using SPSS 13.0 software, the survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival rates were analyzed by Log-rank test.COX regression model was used to identify independent risk factors. Results: Among 101 patients, the main clinical manifestation were upper abdomen discomfort, abdominal pain, jaundice, gastrointestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, emaciation and so on. A total of 87 patients had the tumor located at the descending part of the duodenum. All the 101 patients underwent radical resection, and 85 patients received pancreatoduodenectomy while 16 patients underwent segmental resection. The median disease free survival time was 26 months and the postoperative 1, 3, 5 year DFS rate were 79.7%, 60.3% and 53.6%, respectively. The univariate analyses identified elevated preoperative CEA and CA19-9 level, T stage, lymph node state, vascular invasion and perineural invasion predicting a worse DFS( P <0.05). On multivariate analysis, positive lymph node state was an independent risk factor for DFS ( RR =5.394, 95% CI: 1.624-17.913). Conclusion: Radical resection is the best therapeutic method for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma; the positive lymph node state is the independent risk factor affecting the disease free survival of patients after radical resection.

Objective: To investigate the effects of microRNA-379-5p (miR-379-5p) on proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells., Methods: Human HCC cell line HepG2 was infected with lentivirus carrying miR-379-5p (miR-379-5p group) or lentivirus carrying negative control sequences (negative control group). The untreated HepG2 cells represented blank control group. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assays. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by Transwell assays. The mRNA and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively., Results: Compared with negative control group and blank control group, cell migration and invasion was significantly inhibited in miR-379-5p group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in cell proliferation among the three groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in miR-379-5p group were significantly lower than that in negative control group and blank control group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: miR-379-5p can suppress migration and invasion of HCC cell lines, which may be achieved by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.

Objective: To determine clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes of non-overweight/obese (pre-pregnancy body mass index BMI < 24 kg/m(2)) pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)., Methods: The screening of PCOS was performed when they were at first prenatal visit in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from May, 2008 to July, 2010.61 PCOS women of pregnancy women with BMI < 24 kg/m(2) were considered as the study subjects, and 122 pregnant women without PCOS matched by age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were selected as the control ones. Patients with history of pre-pregnancy diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal diseases and multiple pregnancies were excluded from the study. We followed pregnancy outcomes of two groups until delivery., Results: Significantly higher total cholesterol, triglycerides concentrations and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were found in the PCOS group than in the controls. PCOS women with BMI < 24 kg/m(2) had significantly higher rates of GDM (27.9% (17/61)) and pre-eclampsia (13.1% (8/61)) compared with the controls (15.6% (19/122), 1.6% (2/122)), P < 0.05, < 0.01, respectively. No statistical significance was found in prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, macrosomia, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, macrosomia, fetal death and neonatal congenital abnormality between the two groups (all P > 0.05)., Conclusions: It is at increased risk of GDM and pre-eclampsia in non-overweight/obese PCOS women, this risk seemed to be due to PCOS itself rather than obesity.

Objective: To compare the plasma concentrations of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) in patients with heart failure due to various heart diseases and analyze the influencing factors., Methods: We enrolled a total of 804 heart failure patients due to various heart diseases, including valvular heart disease (VHD), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), ischemic heart diseases (IHD), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), hypertensive heart disease (HHD), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), pulmonary heart disease (PHD) and adult congenital heart disease (CHD). The plasma concentration of NT-proBNP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect the influencing factors for the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP., Results: The plasma concentration of NT-proBNP had no significant difference between patients with VHD, DCM, IHD, RCM, HCM, PHD, HHD and CHD. The median (25 percent, 75 percent) values were 1866 (803 - 3973), 2247 (1087 - 3865), 2400 (1182 - 4242), 2456 (1385 - 5839), 2204 (1053 - 3186), 2285 (1155 - 3424), 2313 (655 - 3850) and 2768 (795 - 4371) pmol/L respectively (P > 0.05). It increased with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class from II through III to IV. The median (25 percent, 75 percent) values were 646 (447 - 1015), 2160 (1118 - 3750) and 3342 (1549 - 5455) pmol/L respectively (P < 0.01). The patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/cm(2) had a lower NT-proBNP concentration than those with a BMI of < 25 kg/cm(2). The median (25 percent, 75 percent) values were 1468 (784 - 3177) and 2424 (1090 - 4213) pmol/L respectively (P < 0.01). Patients with a serum creatinine concentration of ≥ 107 µmol/L had a higher NT-proBNP concentration than those < 107 µmol/L. The median (25 percent, 75 percent) values were 3337 (1470 - 5380) and 1644 (781 - 3375) pmol/L respectively (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that NYHA class, creatinine, BMI, hepatic damage and diastolic pressure were independently associated with the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP (all P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The plasma concentration of NT-proBNP has no significant difference between heart failure patients due to various heart diseases. Its level may be affected by NYHA class, serum creatinine, BMI, hepatic damage and diastolic pressure.

Objective: To study the methods and preliminary clinical efficacy of posterior lumbar minimally invasive surgery assisted by 3D-Viewer system under a direct vision and provide rationales for further clinical applications., Methods: From September 2008 to September 2009, a total of 84 lumbar degenerative disease patients were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 42 each). One group was treated operatively by 3D-Viewer system under a direct vision while another treated with conventional operations. The lumbar paraspinal muscle approach was employed. Surgery was assisted by 3D-Viewer system under a direct vision. The operative duration, intra-operative blood loss volume, CK (creatine kinase) levels at Days 1 & 7 post-operation, atrophic rates of cross-sectional areas of bilateral multifidus muscles on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) at 12 months post-operation were recorded. At Month 12 post-operation, the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the post-operative clinical effects assessed., Results: The operative duration, intra-operative blood loss volume and CK level at Days 1 & 7 post-operation were statistically different (P < 0.05); there was significant difference in the atrophic rates of cross-sectional areas of bilateral multifidus muscles on MRI and the improvement rates of ODI (P < 0.001); the therapeutic efficacy of the invasive group was significantly better than that of the group treated with traditional operations (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The 3D-Viewer technique reduces the risk of damage. As an ideal minimally invasive procedure, it may achieve satisfactory outcomes for spinal diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and minimal invasiveness of quadrant posterior distraction system in the posterior lumbar spondylolisthesis (LS) surgery., Methods: Sixty-one LS patients were randomly divided into two groups: quadrant posterior minimally invasive surgery system as invasive group (n = 30) and traditional open surgery as open group (n = 31). The clinical outcome of pain relief was assessed by the scoring systems of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) for low back pain. Radiographic assessment: preoperative and 1-day, 3-month and last follow-up (12 months) radiographs were analyzed including the index of relative posterior disc height., Results: The scores of VAS and ODI of invasive group were less than open group at Months 3 and 12 post-operation (P < 0.01). Relative posterior disc height of intra-operation and Month 3 was not significantly different (P > 0.05). And there was only statistical significance difference within 12 months (P < 0.05). At Month 12 post-operation, the fluctuating rate was slight., Conclusion: The minimally invasive operation with Quadrant is less traumatic to the patients than traditional open operation in the protection of spinal stability, postoperative rehabilitation and radiographs. This new minimally invasive spine technique should be popularized.

Objective: To investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and mechanism thereof., Method: Human HCC cells of the lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721 were cultured and treated with of EGCG of the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg/ml respectively for 24 h and 48 h. The cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Trypan blue staining was used to count the cells. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the cell apoptosis. The protein levels of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptosis factor, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an up-regulator of Bcl-2. The activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 hat promote the apoptosis of HCC cells, were measured using colorimetric method. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 family., Results: The viabilities of the HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells treated with EGCG of the concentrations of 50 - 400 microg/ml for 48 h reduced to 93.8% +/- 2.8%, 62.3% +/- 5.4%, 33.9% +/- 2.5%, and 17.6% +/- 3.2% respectively, all significantly lower than that of the control group [(100.0% +/- 2.8%), all P < 0.05]; and the viabilities of the SMMC-772 cells treated with EGCG of the concentrations of 50 - 400 microg/ml for 48 h reduced to 49.6% +/- 3.5%, 30.3% +/- 3.8%, 17.7% +/- 2.2%, and 13.0% +/- 2.5% respectively, all significantly lower than that of the control group [(100.0% +/- 0.8%), all P < 0.05]. After treatment with 100 microg/ml EGCG for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, the live HepG2 cell numbers were (8.0 +/- 1.5), (22.0 +/- 3.1), (37.0 +/- 5.4), and (61.0 +/- 8.7) 10(4) respectively, all significantly lower than those of the control cells [(15.0 +/- 2.5), (45.0 +/- 5.3), (86.0 +/- 11.0), and (210.0 +/- 23.0) 10(4) respectively, all P < 0.05]; and the live SMMC-7721 cell numbers were (7.0 +/- 2.2), (13.0 +/- 2.5), (20.0 +/- 3.7), and (31.0 +/- 4.0) 10(4) respectively, all significantly lower than those of the control cells [(15.0 +/- 2.5), (45.0 +/- 5.3), (86.0 +/- 11.0), and (210.0 +/- 23.0) 10(4) respectively, all P < 0.05]. The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells treated with EGCG of the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 microg/ml for 12 h were 8.7% +/- 0.4%, 18.1% +/- 1.1%, and 22.1% +/- 1.8% respectively, all significantly higher than that of the control group (3.3% +/- 0.3%, P < 0.05); and the apoptotic rates of SMMC-7721 cells were 5.9% +/- 0.3%, 7.8% +/- 0.6%, and 12.2% +/- 0.8% respectively, all significantly higher than that of the control group (3.7% +/- 0.4%, P < 0.05). After treatment with EGCG of the concentrations of 100 and 200 microg/ml for 12 h, the caspase-9 activities of the HepG2 cells increased to (1.8 +/- 0.4) and (2.5 +/- 0.4) respectively, both significantly higher than that of the control group (1.0 +/- 0.1, both P < 0.05); and the caspase-3 activities of the HepG2 cells increased to (2.0 +/- 0.4) and (2.8 +/- 0.5) respectively, both significantly higher than that of the control group (1.0 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05) ; and the caspase-9 activities of the SMMC-7721 cells increased to (1.7 +/- 0.4) and (2.5 +/- 0.4), both significantly higher than that of the control group (1.0 +/- 0.1, both P < 0.05), and the caspase-3 activities of the SMMC-7721 cells increased to (1.9 +/- 0.4) and (2.6 +/- 0.3) respectively, both significantly higher than that of the control group [ (1.0 +/- 0.2), both P < 0.05]. When the concentration of EGCG was over 200microg/ml, it down-regulated the expression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 in both cell lines, however, EGCG resulted in no significant changes of Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, and Bid., Conclusion: EGCG induces apoptosis in HCC cells through down-regulation of COX-2 and Bcl-2 and consequently activating caspase-9 and caspase-3.

Objective: To investigate the effect of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15-d-PGJ(2)) on the anoikis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) cells and mechanisms thereof., Methods: Fibronectin or polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (poly-HEMA) were coated onto tissue culture plates, cell growth status and morphological changes were detected by optical microscope. DNA fragmentation analysis and Flow cytometry were used to measure cell apoptotic activity. Western blotting analysis was performed to detect the levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated FAK(p-FAK). Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to suppress FAK expression., Results: The adhesion rate of the BEL-7402 cells treated with 15-d-PGJ(2) began to decrease 12 h after the treatment, time- and dose-dependently compared with the HC cell control group (all P < 0.05); when the concentration of 15-d-PGJ2 was 20 micromol/L, the adherent cells ratio at 24 h and 48 h later were (66.0 +/- 3.6)% and (35.0 +/- 5.0)% respectively. Anoikis of BEL-7402 cells was observed by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting showed that the p-FAK level of the BEL-7402 cells treated with 15-d-PGJ2 for 24 h decreased dose-dependently, however, the total FAK protein did not change., Conclusion: 15-d-PGJ(2) induces anoikis and decreases the phosphorylated FAK expression of the hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Objective: To study the changes of the histology and expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the neovaginal mucosa of the patients undergoing vaginal construction with sigmoid colon., Methods: Biopsy samples of upper one-third and lower one-third of the artificial vagina were obtained from 14 patients who underwent vaginal construction with sigmoid colon 9 - 48 months before and samples of normal sigmoid colon were collected from another 14 patients during vaginal construction with sigmoid colon as control group. The pathological and ultrastructural changes were comparatively observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. At the same time, the expression of nNOS was semiquantitatively evaluated with immunohistochemical method., Results: The upper one-third of the artificial vagina muscular layer of mucosa was hyperplastic and hypertrophic and the density of the submucosal nerve plexus was 3.6 +/- 1.5, significantly higher than that of the control group (1.7 +/- 0.8, P < 0.05). Squamous metaplasia was seen in the colonic mucosa from some 3 samples of lower one-third of the artificial vagina. Partial fusion of the intercellular tight junction, disappearance and fusion of mitochondrial cristae, and degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum could be seen in the vaginal colonic mucosa. Compared with the normal control, the expression of nNOS in the vaginal colonic mucosa was significantly decreased., Conclusion: Morphologic changes occur nNOS expression decreases in the colonic mucosa of the artificial vagina.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the alpha-adducin (ADD1) gene G460W and the G-protein beta 3-subunit (GNB3) gene C825T polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) in a northern Chinese Han population., Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 256 hypertensive patients and 495 normotensive controls. Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion was used to detect the polymorphisms of ADD1 and GNB3 genes. Their body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose and blood uric acid levels were also determined., Results: The allele frequencies of the ADD1 gene G460W and the GNB3 gene C825T polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The WW frequency in the EH group was 35.2%, significantly higher than that in the normal group (27.4%, chi(2) = 4.768, P = 0.029, OR = 1.43). Adjusted for the conventional risk factors of hypertension, alpha-adducin polymorphism still played an independent role on systolic blood pressure. The genotypes CC, CT, and TT of the GNB3 gene in the EH group were 20%, 52%, and 28% respectively, not significantly different from those in the control group (21%, 53%, and 26% respectively, P = 0.755). The frequencies of the alleles C and T of the GNB3 gene C825T were 46% and 54% respectively, not significantly different from those of the normotensive controls (47% and 53% respectively, P = 0.561). Body mass index, blood lipids, and glucose level did not differ significantly among the three genotype groups in both EH and normotensive control groups., Conclusion: The alpha-adducin gene may be a susceptible gene to EH in northern Chinese Han population, however, the GNB3 gene C825T polymorphism may not play a significant role in EH in the same population.

Objective: To explore the association between alpha-adducin (ADD1) G/W460 and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in Chinese., Methods: Samples of peripheral blood were collected from 456 patients with ICH diagnosed by CT or MRI from 7 clinical centers in China and 454 age, sex, and geographically matched subjects as controls. The ADD1 G/W460 polymorphism was detected by PCR. Information about prior exposure to various potential risk factors was collected by questionnaire survey., Results: The distribution of ADD1gene G460W polymorphisms in the ICH patients and controls were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg proportion. The prevalence of 460W allele among ICH cases was 82.2%, higher than that in the controls (76.0%, crude odds ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.05). The ADD1 460W allele was still significantly associated with ICH after adjustment for hypertension and other ICH putative risk factors (adjusted odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.88)., Conclusion: Alpha-adducin gene G/W 460 polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of ICH. This association does not appear to be mediated by established ICH risk factors, specifically hypertension status.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between G-protein beta(3) subunit (GNB(3)) gene polymorphism and essential hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity., Methods: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (Ins), lipid profile, and fibrinogen (Fib) were determined by convenient methods and the polymorphism of GNB(3) was detected by PCR-RFLP and sequencing in 376 individuals 187 first generation offsprings of hypertensives and 189 first generation offsprings of nonhypertensives in Daqing, China. The relationship between GNB(3) polymorphism and hypertension, insulin resistance was analyzed by univariate correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis with SAS software package., Results: (1) The frequency of CT/TT genotype of GNB(3) C825T was significantly higher in the first generation offsprings of the hypertensives than in the first generation offsprings of nonhypertensives (0.78:0.69, P = 0.06). (2) The insulin sensitivity index [IAI = 1/(FPG x FINS)] in the CT and TT genotype groups was significantly lower than that in the group with CC genotype. The blood pressure and BMI were significantly higher than those of the CC genotype. (3) IAI was correlated negatively with SBP in CT/TT genotype group (r = -0.3519, P = 0.0001), whereas this correlation was not significant in the CC genotype group (r = -0.0055, P = 0.931). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median of IAI. In the group with the IAL higher than the median (LnIAI = -5.0016 +/- 0.1830) the SBP of the CT/TT genotype carriers was significantly higher than that of the CC genotype carriers (146 +/- 1.84 mm Hg vs 132 +/- 5.19 mm Hg, P < 0.05). In the group with the IAI lower than the median [IAI(2) = -4.1625 +/- 0.3716] the SBP of the CT/TT genotype carriers was not significantly different from that of the CC genotype carriers (136 +/- 2.4 mm Hg vs 133 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, P > 0.05). The comparison of diastolic pressure showed the similar result. (4) IAI had negatively correlation with SBP in CT/TT genotype carriers without hypertensive family history after controlling age and sex (r = -0.4864 P = 0.001), however, such correlation was not found in CC genotype carriers., Conclusion: CT and TT genotype of GNB(3) C825T was correlated with insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and BMI. GNB(3) C825T gene enhances the hypertensive effect of insulin resistance.