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To explore the functions of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the restoration of hair follicles with a mixture of human dermal papilla cells and human hair follicle outer root sheath cells in vitro in nude mice.Human hair follicle outer root sheath cells (hfORS) and human hair dermal papilla cells (hDP) were cultured in vitro and mixed in a fixed ratio (hfORS: hDP = 5:1). Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of CD200(+) cells in human hair follicle outer root sheath cells.And 8 nude mice were divided randomly into 2 groups according to a random number table and back wounds produced. Group A was transplanted with cell mixture plus 20 µg/L CTGF. Group B was transplanted with cell mixture alone. After 8 weeks of transplantation, the development of hair follicle formation was observed histologically.PCR was used to detect the expression of human specific DNA and mice DNA in transplants.The portion of CD200(+) cells in cultured hfORS was 19.65%. At 8 weeks after implantation, hair follicle formation could be observed in Group A (268 ± 96) more than Group B (62 ± 20). The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). And PCR showed that there was human composition in transplant.CTGF can induce the formation of hair follicle by promoting the interference between hDP and hfORS.

To study the effects of using auto-scalp for repairing donor site of thickness from cicatricial skin with auto-scalp grafting.A total of 13 cases with donor site of thickness from cicatricial skin from January 2011 to December 2011 were analyzed. Wounds of donor site from cicatricial skin were grafted with auto-scalp and scalp were fixation was applied with negative pressure. The survival rate of auto-scalp graft was observed at Day 7 post-operation. At Month 12, hyperplastic scars at these donor sites of cicatricial skin were assessed through Vancouver Scar Assessment Table, scar itch assessment and scar proliferation rate. Wounds in the other thirteen cases with donor site of thickness from cicatricial skin from January 2010 to December 2010 were covered with vaseline gauze as control.No significant difference existed in the gender and age of the two groups patients (P0.05). The auto-scalp graft all survived. And the average healing time of donor-site wound in cicatricial skin in grafting group (7 days) was significantly decreased than that of control group (a mean of 20 days) (P0.01). After followed up for twelve months, the scar formation assessment value (1.5 ± 0.5), scar itch assessment (1.2 ± 0.4) and scar proliferation rate (14.6% ± 7.6%) in grafting group were significantly less than those of control group (6.7 ± 1.1, 2.0 ± 0.7, 55.8% ± 12.2%, all P0.01).Auto-scalp grafting may greatly shorten the healing procedure and ameliorate the quality of donor-site of thickness from cicatricial skin.

To explore the role of voltage dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) involved mitochondrial apoptosis in heart injury of rats with severe scald injury and elucidate its possible regulatory signal pathway.A total of 60 Wistar rats were divided into sham scald group (n = 30) and scald group (n = 30) according to a random digital table. Blood and heart tissue samples were harvested at Day 1, 7, 14 post scalding. Myocardial injury was assessed with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mitochondrial apoptosis activation was evaluated by the expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytoplasmic cytochrome C and VDAC2. And the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p-Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and hexokinase 2 protein were determined by Western blot.The serum levels of cTnI were significantly higher in scald group than those in sham scald group at Day 1, 7, 14 ((1.41 ± 0.25) vs (0.53 ± 0.23) µg/L, (1.93 ± 0.53) vs (0.43 ± 0.23) µg/L, (1.62 ± 0.34) vs (0.41 ± 0.22) µg/L respectively, all P0.05). Compared with sham scald group, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased significantly in scald group at Day 1, 7 day post-scalding (3.360 ± 0.173 vs 0.623 ± 0.044, 2.736 ± 0.341 vs 0.698 ± 0.064, 1.290 ± 0.234 vs 0.718 ± 0.063 respectively, all P0.05), VDAC2 protein level in scald group decreased significantly at Day 1, 7, 14 (0.070 ± 0.009 vs 0.328 ± 0.026, 0.007 ± 0.002 vs 0.291 ± 0.025, 0.009 ± 0.004 vs 0.302 ± 0.037 respectively, all P0.05), the cytoplasmic levels of cytochrome increased significantly in scald group at Day 1, 7, 14 (0.418 ± 0.030 vs 0.022 ± 0.007, 1.685 ± 0.169 vs 0.030 ± 0.011, 0.300 ± 0.037 vs 0.098 ± 0.014 respectively, all P0.05), the expression of PI3K was significantly lower in scald group at Day 14 post-scalding (0.083 ± 0.015 vs 0.328 ± 0.011, P0.05), the expressions of p-GSK3β all reduced significantly at Day 1, 7, 14 (0.098 ± 0.014 vs 0.446 ± 0.031, 0.064 ± 0.002 vs 0.476 ± 0.054, 0.074 ± 0.010 vs 0.442 ± 0.041, respectively, all P0.05) and the expressions of HK2 were lower at Day 7, 14 post-scalding (0.390 ± 0.027 vs 0.611 ± 0.070, 0.267 ± 0.018 vs 0.490 ± 0.042, respectively, all P0.05).VDAC2 involved mitochondrial apoptosis is activated in myocardium after severe scalds. And it may be regulated by the pathway of PI3K-GSK-HK2.

To explore the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) on biomechanical properties for porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) plus thin skin autograft after transplantation.The dorsa of 10 Japanese white rabbits were symmetrically divided into four areas of A-D by random grouping. Full-thickness skin defects were created in Groups A-C while Group D was blank with normal skin. Operations were performed in Group A: implant with HA + PADM + thin skin autografts, Group B: implant with PADM + thin skin autografts and Group C: skin autografts group. Histological examination of specimen was performed at Day 56 postoperatively. And the biomechanical properties such as relaxation and stress-strain properties of grafts were recorded.The structure of PADM was found to be basically intact by hematoxylin and eosin E dyeing in Groups A and B. In Group A, dense fiber structure could be observed. Lots of regularly arranged collagenous fibers and new blood capillaries were grown into the dermal matrix with sparsely distributed inflammatory cells. In Group B, acellular dermal matrix became clustered with a small amount of invaded fibroblasts. And there was a high expression of inflammatory cells. The biomechanic performances of transplanted skin were: Group A's curve was mostly close to that of Group D's, Group B's curve was the most further from that of Group D's (P = 0.001) and Group C's curve stayed between Groups A and B. Under the same strain, the stress of Groups A-D was (87 ± 8), (115 ± 9), (63 ± 7) and (81 ± 4) kPa respectively. No significant difference of stress existed between these two groups (P = 0.838). There was significant difference of stress between Groups B/C and D (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009).Topical hyaluronic acid may be used to enhance the biomechanics performances of transplanted skin.

To explore the effect on biomechanical compliance after an addition of hyaluronic acid (HA) in transplantation of porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) with skin autograft.Ten Japanese white rabbits were used as experimental animal, the dorsa of rabbits was symmetrically divided into four area, and then grouping was randomized. Full-thickness skin defects were created in Group A to Group C, and Group D was blank group with normal skin. The following procedures were performed: Group A: implanted with HA+PADM+ thin skin autografts, GroupB: implanted with PADM+ thin skin autografts and Group C: skin autografts, except for Group D. The wound tissue specimens were harvested at 70 days postoperatively, and they were recorded contracture rates of the grafts and the biomechanical compliance by Instron biomechanics tensiometer. The expression of collagens I and III in dermal fibroblasts of each group was determined by Western blot.On postoperation day 70, the grafts contracture rates in Group A to Group C were 10.2% ± 0.6%, 36.6% ± 0.8%, 32.7% ± 1.4% respectively, there were notable significant difference among three groups (P = 0.000). Under the same tension, there was no significant difference in strain between Groups A and D ((83 ± 8) vs (81 ± 5) kPa, P = 0.552). Some significant difference in strain existed between Groups B and D ((215 ± 9) vs (81 ± 5) kPa, P = 0.000). The strain of Group C ((106 ± 7) kPa) was between Groups B and D, and significant strain difference existed among them (P = 0.000). The expressions of collagens I and III in Group A were higher than those in Group B, while the ratio of collagens I to III in Group A was lower than that in Group B.Topical HA may be used to increase the expressions of type I and III collagen, decrease the ratio of collagen type I/III, and enhance the biomechanics performances of transplanted skin.

To explore the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) associated proteins in livers of severely burned rats and examine its potential significance.Sixty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control and burn groups (30% total body surface area full-thickness thermal injury) (n = 32 each). Livers were harvested at Day 1, 4, 7, 14 post-burn. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress associated proteins glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), active caspase-12 and active caspase-3. Hepatic apoptosis was assessed by the assay of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL).Compared with the control group, the expression of GRP78 became elevated at Day 1, 4, 7, 14 post-burn (1.29 ± 0.11 vs 1.00 ± 0.00, 1.28 ± 0.12 vs 0.95 ± 0.16, 1.29 ± 0.14 vs 0.93 ± 0.06, 1.41 ± 0.17 vs 1.02 ± 0.13 respectively); the expression of CHOP was higher at Day 1, 4 (1.72 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.00, 1.82 ± 0.18 vs 1.46 ± 0.08 respectively) while active caspase-12 and active caspase-3 increased at Day 1, 4, 7 post-burn (2.05 ± 0.65 vs 1.00 ± 0.00, 2.16 ± 0.69 vs 0.95 ± 0.21, 1.98 ± 0.56 vs 0.90 ± 0.22; 1.96 ± 0.15 vs 1.00 ± 0.00, 1.40 ± 0.14 vs 1.07 ± 0.12, 1.77 ± 0.17 vs 1.15 ± 0.21 respectively); the apoptotic index(%) of hepatocytes was higher at Day 1, 4, 7, 14 post-burn (27.20 ± 3.63 vs 5.00 ± 0.71, 16.40 ± 1.52 vs 5.40 ± 1.14, 27.60 ± 1.82 vs 7.40 ± 1.14, 10.20 ± 1.92 vs 5.20 ± 1.64 respectively). All results were statistically significant (all P0.05).ERS activates and expressions of associated proteins GRP78, CHOP, active caspase-12 and active caspase-3 increase in livers of severely burned rats.

To explore the effects of PRX-2 gene transferred by lipofectamine on the human skin fibroblasts.Normal human skin fibroblasts were cultured and PRX-2 gene was transferred by lipofectamine. The proliferation of fibroblasts was detected by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometry.The proliferation of PRX-2-transfected fibroblasts was stronger than that of normal counterparts. There were fewer cells during G0-G1 period and more cells during S and G2-M periods. The proliferative index increased.The proliferation of fibroblasts may be modified by transfected PRX-2. Thus PRX-2 plays an important role during the healing of human skin wound.

To investigate the changes of collagens I and III after the addition of hyaluronic acid in the transplantation of porcine acellular dermal matrix.Full-thickness skin defects were created on the dorsa of Japanese white rabbits. And the rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups: Group A (hyaluronic acid, porcine acellular dermal matrix plus thin skin autografts), Group B (porcine acellular dermal matrix plus thin skin autografts) and Group C (skin autografts). Skin biopsies were performed at Day 50 post-grafting to detect the contents of collagens I and III by histological examinations, immunohistochemistry method and Western blot.The areas of skin graft were (13.3 ± 1.2), (9.5 ± 0.9) and (10.0 ± 1.4) cm(2) in Groups A, B and C respectively. Group A was larger than Groups B and C(all P0. 01). There was no statistical difference between Groups B and C (P0.05). The expressions of collagen I were 1894 ± 164, 515 ± 38 and 395 ± 43 in Groups A, B and C respectively. Group A was higher than Groups B and C (P0.01). And the expressions of collagen III were 5411 ± 435, 874 ± 70 and 2078 ± 175 in Groups A, B and C respectively. Group C was higher than Group B and yet lower than Group A (all P0.01). The ratios of collagen I and collagen III in Group A (0.39) and Group B (0.59) were higher than that of Group C (0.19) (all P0.01).The addition of hyaluronic acid may boost the expression of collagens I and III and decrease the ratio of collagen I/collagen III. Thus it facilitates wound healing and basilar membrane remodeling and alleviates the contraction of skin transplant.

To observe the growth and migration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on polycarbonate membrane with different pore sizes and explore the criteria of selecting optimal Transwell insert for indirect co-culture to induce the differentiation of hUCMSCs.hUCMSCs were isolated in vitro and then expanded in culture medium. After the treatment of mitomycin C, the cells were seeded on porous membranes of 6-well-dish Transwell inserts with different pore sizes of 0.4, 3.0 and 8.0 µm respectively. After culturing for 7 days, the cells were observed and counted on the bottom of each porous membrane. Then the calculation of migration ratio was performed. The growth and migration of hUCMSCs on porous membranes were also examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM).The migration ratios of hUCMSCs on membranes of 0.4, 3.0 and 8.0 µm pore sizes were 0, 1.8% and 8.0% respectively. The migration ratio of cells on 0.4 µm pore size membrane was statistically different from that of the other two pore size groups (P0.01). Under SEM, a small portion of cells were growing on the bottoms of membranes and moving through the pores. But there was no cell movement through 0.4 µm pore size membrane.hUCMSCs can migrate through the polycarbonate membranes of 3.0 µm and 8.0 µm pore sizes but not through the 0.4 µm one. Thus both sides of polycarbonate membrane of 0.4 µm pore size may be used for close indirect co-culture to induce the differentiation of hUCMSCs.

To explore the early changes in serum neutrophil elastase (NE) in rats with burn, blast injury or combined burn-blast injury and its significance.A total of 176 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), burn (BU), blast injury (BL) and burn-blast combined injury (BB). Rats in C group were not injured. Animals in BU group were subjected to 25% TBSA full-thickness burn on back with 94 degrees C water for 12 seconds; Animals in BL group were inflicted with moderate blast injury with 5 g 8701 compressed dynamite stick as the explosion source 75 cm away while left chest facing the explosive source; Rats in BB group were burned immediately after the blast injury similarly as in BL group. During the first 24 h post-injury, animals in BU and BB groups received intraperitoneal injection of sodium lactate Ringer's solution at a dose of 50 ml x kg(-1) x 12 h(-1). Protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), water content of lung tissue and NE content in serum were determined at 0 h (C group), 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d post-injury.Protein concentration in BALF, water content of lung tissue and NE content in serum in SD rats of the injured groups were significantly higher than those in C group (P0.01 or P0.05), peaked within 2 d post-injury, especially at 2 d post-injury (NE content in serum: BU group, 319. 85 +/- 19.50 ng/ml; BL group, 467.43 +/- 31.64 ng/ml; BB group, 626.00 +/- 26.38 ng/ml vs. C group, 78.53 +/- 25.10 ng/ml). Overall, protein concentration in BALF, water content of lung tissue and NE content in serum in BB group were significantly higher than BU and BL groups (P0.01 or P0.05). Correlation analysis showed that within 3 d postinjury, a significant positive correlation was found between the protein concentration in BALF, water content of lung tissue and NE content in serum (r = 0.7910, 0.8078, P0.05) in BU group. NE content in serum and protein concentration in BALF were significantly positively correlated in BB group (r = 0.8672, P0.05).NE may play an important role in early lung injury of burn or blast injury, especially in combined burn-blast injury.

To explore the regulative effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the mRNA expression of procollagen type I and type III and collagenase of normal skin fibroblasts of hypertrophic scar patients and its biological role in the formation of hypertrophic scar.Scar tissue and normal skin were obtained from 20 patients with hypertrophic scar. Fibroblasts were isolated, underwent passaged culture, and exposed to LPS from Escherichia coli of the concentrations of (0.005 - 1.0) microg/ml till they reached stable phenotype (at the eighth passage). The expression of procollagen type I and type III and collagenase mRNAs were tested by RT-PCR. Fibroblasts from hypertrophic scar tissue obtained from the same patients and normal skin fibroblasts without stimulation of LPS in the same culture passage were used as positive control and negative control respectively.When LPS was of the concentrations of 0.005 - 0.5 microg/ml, the mRNA expression levels of procollagen type I and type III were markedly increased, but the mRNA expression of collagenase was significantly decreased, compared with negative control group (all P0.01). The effect reached the peak when the LPS concentration was 0.1 microg/ml. When the concentration of LPS reached 1.0 microg/ml, the mRNA expression levels of procollagen type I and type III were inhibited and the mRNA expression level of collagenase began to increase, but still lower than that of the negative control group (P0.01). When the concentration of LPS was 0.1 microg/ml, the mRNA expression levels of procollagen type I and type III and collagenase were similar to that of the positive control group (all P0.05).LPS enhances the mRNA expression of procollagen type I and type III, inhibits the mRNA expression of collagenase within certain range of concentrations. LPS may be a primitive factor in hypertrophic scar formation.

To investigate the psychologic status of congenital microtia patients and related influential factors.In a cross-sectional survey for congenital microtia, 410 patients, 314 males and 96 females, aged 12 +/- 6 (5 - 37), underwent psychological survey with the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) or Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL), centering on the 3 main psychological problems: depression, interpersonal sensitivity or social difficulties, and hostility or aggression. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the influencing factors, such as the patients' own factors, and psychological factors of the patients' families Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to find the factors contributing to those psychological problems.Psychological status of congenital microtia patients were depression existed in 83 patients (20.2%), interpersonal sensitivity or social difficulties existed in 150 patients (36.6%), and hostility or aggression existed in 108 patients (26.3%). The factors, such as age (OR = 1.75), microtia grade (OR = 2.77), mother's education (OR = 2.49), having been subjected to ridicule (OR = 2.58), pressure of family affection (OR = 1.96), family attitude to patient (OR = 2.45), and deficiency of family harmony (OR = 2.57) were risk factors contributing to depression of patients. The factors, such as age (OR = 1.62), having been subjected to ridicule (OR = 3.34), and pressure of family affection (OR = 1.89) were risk factors contributing to interpersonal sensitivity or social difficulties of the patient. The factors, such as having been subjected to ridicule (OR = 2.47), and pressure of family affection (OR = 1.80) were risk factors contributing to hostility or aggression of the patient.Having been subjected to ridicule, deficiency of family harmony, and pressure of family affection are mainly risk factors of psychological problems of congenital microtia patients. Early education and early operation for the patients are necessary.

To study the changes of skeletal muscle proteolysis in severely burned patients with sepsis and analyze its possible mechanism.Blood samples were collected from 20 burned patients with sepsis, aged 42 +/- 10 (burn sepsis group), and 12 patients undergoing plastic operation after burn, aged 43 +/- 8 (control group) to determine the plasma concentrations of cortisol and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) by radioimmunoassay. 24 h urine was retained to determine the level of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) by high performance liquid chromatography. An appropriate amount of quadriceps femoris muscle sample was collected during operation to determine the concentration of 3-methylhistidine with high performance liquid chromatography, the expression of ubiquitin mRNA, E(2)-14k mRNA and C(2) subunit mRNA by Northern blot analysis, and the protein expression of C(2) subunit by Western blot analysis.The plasma concentrations of cortisol and TNF-alpha in the burn sepsis group were 478 +/- 56 microg/L and 22.4 +/- 3.8 microg/L respectively, both significantly higher than the those in the normal control group, 72 +/- 12 microg/L and 0.5 +/- 0.1 microg/L respectively (both P0.01). The amount of 3-MH in the quadriceps femoris muscle of the burn sepsis group was 4.3 +/- 0.6 micromol/g, significantly higher than that of the control group (2.5 +/- 0.4 micromol/g, P0.01). The 24 h urinary output of 3-MH of the burn sepsis group was 456 +/- 25 micromol, significantly higher than that of the control group (202 +/- 29 micromol, P0.091). The expressions of ubiquitin mRNA 2.4 Kilobase pair (kb) and 1.2 kb, E(2)-14k mRNA 1.2 kb and C(2) subunit mRNA in quadriceps femoris muscles of the burn sepsis group were increased with 51%, 32%, 75%, and 39% respectively, as compared with those of the control group (all P0.01). The protein expression of C(2) subunit in quadriceps femoris muscles of the burn sepsis group was increased with 130% than that of the control group (P0.01).The proteolytic rate in skeletal muscle is increased during sepsis after severe burn and the mechanism is related to the enhanced function of the ubiquitin system at both gene and protein levels with the hypersecretion of glucocorticoid and TNF-alpha.

To explore the best methods to repair the deformity of axillary scar contracture after burns.Ninety cases in 78 patients with axillary scar contracture after burns from January 1998 to January 2002 were analyzed. According to the severity of the deformity and its influence on the function of the shoulder joint. 46 cases suffered from mild degree axillary scar contracture, 26 cases with moderate and 18 with severe degree. The deformities of axillary scar contracture were repaired by Z plasty (18 cases), five-flap plasty (14 cases), skin graft (23 cases), Z plasty and skin graft (14 cases), transfer of scapular skin flaps (5 cases), lateral throatic skin flaps (4 cases) and scar flaps (12 cases), respectively. Exopexy, anti-scar drug and functional exercises were applied postoperationally.All the flaps were survived with first intention, except for necrosis of the split skin graft occurring in 4 cases. The function and configuration in all the cases were satisfactory after 6 months to 4 years follow-up.Appropriate methods should be chosen to restore the function and configuration of the shoulder joint and improve patients' living condition according to the size, degree of the deformity of axillary scar contracture after burns.

To explore the expression of hyaluronic acid (HA) and its receptor, Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) in proliferative scar and in the process of wound healing of normal human adult skin and fetal skin, and the effect of HA and its receptor on the process of human fetal skin scarless healing.An incision and then a hypodermic cavity were made on each side of the dorsal median line of 32 female adult BALB/c rats. Skin grafts from 8 human fetuses delivered by natural abortion, full-thickness skin grafts from 8 normal adults undergoing plastic operation, skin wound sample from the donor sites in legs of 8 patients undergoing dermatoplasty with intermediate split thickness skin graft, and proliferative scar from 8 patients of plastic surgery, non-adult and adult, were grafted into the hypodermic cavities. The levels of HA and its receptor were examined by radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.The level of HA in normal fetal skin was 143 micro g/g +/- 10 micro g/g, 283 micro g/g +/- 12 micro g/g 12 hours after injury, 315 micro g/g +/- 12 micro g/g one days after injury, reached the peak (321 micro g/g +/- 12 micro g/g) 3 days after injury, and then decrease, became 319 micro g/g +/- 11 micro g/g one week after injury (P0.05 in comparison with that 3 days after injury). The level of HA in normal fetal skin was 143 micro g/g +/- 10 micro g/g, significantly higher than that in normal adult skin (51 micro g/g +/- 4 micro g/g), skin wound of normal adult (92 micro g/g +/- 6 micro g/g), and proliferative scar (72 micro g/g +/- 5 micro g/g, all P0.01). The level of HA in wounded adult skin was significantly higher than that in the proliferative scar, and even much higher than that in normal skin (P0.01). The level of CD44 in normal fetal skin was significantly higher than that in proliferative scar and adult skin (all P0.01). The level of CD44 in wounded fetal skin 24 hours after injury decreased, significantly lower than that in normal fetal skin. There was no statistically significant difference between the level of CD44 in fetal skin one week after injury and that 24 hours after injury (P0.05). The level of CD44 in wounded adult skin was significantly higher than that in the normal adult skin (P0.01). The level of CD44 in the proliferative scar was between the level of CD44 in normal adult skin and that in wounded adult one. In normal fetal skin, CD44, positively stained at a moderate level, was distributed in keratinized cells, basic cells of hair follicle, and fibroblast of dermis. After injury, staining of CD44 became milder, especially by the incision. Immunohistochemistry showed that in normal adult skin, CD44 was distributed mainly in fibroblast of dermis and basic cells of hair follicle, weakly positively stained. After injury, the staning became stronger.The expression of HA and its receptor during the process of wound healing in human fetal skin is different from that in proliferative scars and adult skin, which might be one of the important causes of scarless healing of wounded fatal skin.