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Protandrenini includes approximately 420 species of short-tongued bees, which are exclusively distributed in the Americas (Michener 2007; Moure et al. 2007; Ascher & Pickering 2017). Members of this tribe are mostly found in xeric and temperate areas in South America, and their diversity is still greatly underestimated. In fact, a major challenge to the systematics of Protandrenini is the outstanding number of species unplaced in genera or awaiting formal description (Ruz & Chiappa 2004; Ramos & Melo 2006; Michener 2007; Moure et al. 2007; Ramos & Rozen 2014). In addition to several taxa currently considered of uncertain position within the tribe, many South American genera are in need of taxonomic revision, such as Rhophitulus Ducke, Anthrenoides Ducke, and Psaenythia Gerstaecker (Silveira et al. 2002; Michener 2007; Ramos & Melo 2010; Moure et al. 2007).

Sex anomalies are one of the best-known cases of teratology among wild bees with different terms used to differentiate among such abnormalities. Gynandromorphs are individuals with genetically distinct male and female tissues while intersexes are genetically uniform individuals with expression of sexual features of the opposite sex. Among the three commonly accepted gynandromorph categories—bilateral symmetry, transverse and mixed (or mosaic)—the relative proportion of each gynanders category described in the literature shows the transverse and mosaic as the most frequently observed cases among wild bees (Michez et al. 2009; Hinojosa- Diaz et al. 2012). In bees, gynandromorphs are recorded from 117 species in 30 genera of all families being mostly recorded from the long-tongued bees in Apinae and Megachilinae (Wcislo et al. 2004; Michez et al. 2009; Hinojosa-Diaz et al. 2012, Lucia et al. 2012).

This work describes three newly discovered species of Rhophitulus Ducke, 1907: R. labiosus n. sp. from Minas Gerais (Brazil), R. mimus n. sp. from Salta (Argentina), and R. xenopalpus n. sp. from Catamarca and Tucumán (Argentina). Photographs of the holotype of Rhophitulus steinbachi (Friese, 1916) are provided, and modifications in the morphology of a female of R. xenopalpus n. sp. when parasitized by Strepsiptera are recorded for the first time for the genus.

This work describes three newly discovered species of Rhophitulus Ducke, 1907: R. labiosus n. sp. from Minas Gerais (Brazil), R. mimus n. sp. from Salta (Argentina), and R. xenopalpus n. sp. from Catamarca and Tucuman (Argentina). Photographs of the holotype of Rhophitulus steinbachi (Friese, 1916) are provided, and modifications in the morphology of a female of R. xenopalpus n. sp. when parasitized by Strepsiptera are recorded for the first time for the genus.

Protandrena avulsa new species, from Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil) is described and illustrated. This species is unique within Protandrena for its well-developed pronotal lamella, similar to what is found in Pseudopanurgus and Parapsaenythia, and by its protuberant interantennal area. This is the first record of this bee genus in Brazil.