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The aim of the research. Evaluation of the structure of viral hepatitis in patients with oncohaematological diseases and activity of ALT and AST during various methods of treatment of the main disease.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of data from 2000 patients treated during 2001–2014 in Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation Pavlov of the First Saint Petersburg State Medical University was carried out. The dynamics of cytolytic enzymes during therapy (polychemotherapy, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells, symptomatic) of oncohematological diseases was evaluated between the patients with concomitant chronic viral hepatitis (N=175) and without liver pathology (N=203). Analysis was performed with SAS software. Results. Over a 10-year follow-up period, 9% of the oncohematological patients of the specialized center identified markers of hemocontact viral hepatitis. The results of the study showed that in patients with concomitant viral hepatitis, in contrast to a group without hepatitis the activity of ALT and AST significantly increased compared to baseline values after the treatment of hematological malignancy. It was twofold increase of the activity of enzymes after transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and 3–4- fold incease after courses of polychemotherapy. In patients without viral hepatitis, changes in enzyme activity after such therapy were not observed. Summary. Thus, the associated effect of concomitant viral hepatitis and toxic effects of treatment methods with the use of polychemotherapy and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells was proven on the development of cytolytic syndrome in oncohematological patients.

155 children and adolescents who had been diagnosed oncohematological diseases and had undergone allogeneic hemapoetic stem cell transplantation were examined. In post-transplant period 80% of patients developed different bacterial complications. Main risk factors of bacterial infections were acute leukemia (73%), acute «graft versus host disease» (61%), severe infectious complications before HSCT (30%), cytomegaloviral reactivation (51%). Main causative agents were Kl. pneumoniae (15%), Escherichia coli (8%), Enterobacter sp. (7%), Pseudomonas sp. (6,5%), Enterococcus sp. (16,5%), S.еpidermidis (13,5%). Most frequent involved sites are urinary tract (30,6%), lungs (22,5%) and bacteriemia (38,7%). Rise in ciprofloxacin resistans among Entorobactri, aerobic and Gram-positive cocci. General survival rate of patients with bacterial complications was 36,3% (p

Invasive aspergillosis – is severe mycotic infection that often occurs in hematological patients and is characterized by high mortality. We examined the immunological parameters of hematological patients with invasive aspergillosis developed after cytostatic chemotherapy. Was founded, disruption of all parts of the immune respons: reduction in the absolute number of T-helper cells (CD4 +), natural killer cells (CD16 +), lowering of IFN-γ and IL-10 production, reduction in the number of B-lymphocytes and immunoglobulin levels of all classes, suppression killer ability of neutrophils are features of immune status in hematological patients with invasive aspergillosis receiving cytostatic chemotherapy.