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The purpose of this paper is to present a syllabus of the Language Proficiency course in terms of objectives, teaching plan, activities, and suggested references. This paper responds to the growing interest in proficiency frameworks. As a result of the proficiency literature revision, the research determined that there are three main dimensions to consider. The first is the terminology of the field that has been tainted by ambiguity and confusion over the past 70 years. The second dimension of this topic is that existing proficiency models reflect their individual authors’ concepts regarding what humans need to understand and communicate in language, too closely. The third dimension is the framework that emerged in response to the need of foreign and second language stakeholders for standard scales to measure individuals’ language proficiency. Those frameworks have become numerous over the past seven decades, and each was developed to work best in a specific context. There are also calls to develop a scale for Arabic that befits the language and those who speak it. This paper has attempted to contribute to deepening the understanding of the issue of proficiency and its models and frameworks among those interested, by proposing a detailed conceptualization of a course to be taught in graduate programs concerned with qualifying researchers and experts in our field of teaching Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heidegger’s critique of Aristoteles’ definition of mankind as ζώον λόγον έχον is a long and still attractive chapter in his philosophy. We see often in Heidegger’s works that he appeals to the Latin translation (or the Latin interpretation, as he says) of animal rationale as a way to criticize western metaphysics. The conception of mankind in western metaphysics, culture, and thought is based on the Aristotelian definition. This paper aims to discuss the role and importance of this definition in Heidegger's thought. Broadly speaking, he has two kinds of discussion about it: there is a question concerning human beings, but in so far as it is the Being-question; and there is a question concerning language. Here we restrict ourselves to the latter. Firstly, in the introduction part, we will justify posing a question about the human being and will show that such a question is a kind of Being-question. After that, in the first part, based on Heidegger’s lecture The Ground Problems of Metaphysics (1929/30) we will explore those language-problems which are arisen from the Aristotelian definition. Heidegger's starting point is λόγος, i.e. speech or language, which is taken from ζώον λόγον έχον. Finally, in the second part, we will explore the same problem in Heidegger’s Being and Time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]