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The Mauritanian written press has gone through several stages during its historical journey and has not been isolated from the political situation of the country, but has been subject to its perception of what His Majesty should be, since its appearance during the French colonization of the country, and after the creation of the national state in the sixties of the last century, passing through the period of the military regime before the declaration of political and media pluralism in the country in 1991 and the consequent dilution of the journalistic field, where the door was opened wide to excessive leniency in obtaining a press license, as well as some major obstacles, such as lack of funding, training and harassment of journalists. However, this did not prevent this press from playing at that time the role of watchdog over the executive power by awakening public opinion on the conduct of public affairs and by revealing many hidden social and political problems that the public opinion would not have been aware without the pioneering role of this written press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous changing in house prices very rapid and observed in last years which depends on many factors like position, area, population in the city and another requirement for individual house price, there is a lot of articles studied and adopted traditional ways for machine learning in house price prediction accurately but few of them focused on individual performance for complicated models. To explore effected factors in prediction way in this paper we applied traditional machine learning theory to investigate many models due to many limited we take some of techniques like (random forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting and stacked generalization model) and applied on several models to obtain more accurate results for house price prediction. We take Baghdad as a sample for house price and impact factor on difference cities, services, population, area, building age and others we mentioned in our paper by taking and applying machine learning house price prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of changing the currency was addressed by the ancient jurists according to what the situation was like in their time. This change was simple and did not constitute a serious danger to the economy at that time, due to their reliance in the first place on gold and silver, which were often characterized by stability. Today, however, it has become an issue of change. There is no value Money poses a serious threat to the economy, because banknotes are not characterized by stability, but by change, and this is what makes the problem of changing the value of banknotes difficult. In my research, I talked about the definition of money, its importance, types and functions, and the change in the value of money and its impact on repaying debt in the light of Hanafi jurisprudence and Afghan civil law, using the deductive approach, by collecting the opinions of Hanafi jurists regarding issues of changing money. According to jurists, there are two types of money: natural money and legal money, and the forms of money change according to political and economic facts and events, including commodity money, paper money, and bank money. The importance of money is highlighted through the number of functions it performs to facilitate transactions between individuals, and perhaps one of its most important functions is that it is a measure A For value, this function requires money to have a degree of constancy and stability. Also, changing the currency and its invalidation by the state has effects on obligations and debts that require treatment, so this issue needs to be investigated. Through this research, I have come to the conclusion that if the loan is of real money, such as gold, silver, or commodities, then it must be returned in kind, no matter how the prices change. However, if the debt is of banknotes, then its value must be paid, even if the value of the currency inflates in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that social history in general and the history of the oppressed social classes in particular are among the obscure corners in the history of the Islamic West during the Almoravid and Almohad eras, which are evident in the historians' works especially on the royal sultan's history. Its bitterness is even more evident when the dialectical relationship between Sufi men and the general public is meticulously investigated and thoroughly studied as it represents a number of issues that can unveil many other societal issues and problems during that era. In this context, this research paper aims at contributing constructively and soberly in shedding light on some forgotten aspects of the dialectic relationship between these two uncherished, ignored social groups, as a result of a set of societal factors in Morocco and Andalusia during the Almoravid and Almohad eras with more focus on the miserable living conditions of the common people due to the oppressing reign of the Almoravids. The ruling regime pushed the common people to embrace the Sufis in an attempt and hope to escape both the awful social situation and the tyrannical ruling regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the topic of al-muqassah (offsetting) and its forms in Hanafi jurisprudence, in terms of its definition, classification, conditions, and applications. The researcher has defined offsetting linguistically and technically, then classified offsetting in Hanafi jurisprudence into two main categories: lawful offsetting and unlawful offsetting. The lawful offsetting is then subdivided into obligatory and optional. The researcher then mentions the conditions of obligatory offsetting in four conditions, which are: the existence of two reciprocal debts, identical description and genus between the debts, the debts being currently due, and equal strength and weakness between the debts. The researcher then proceeds to list fifteen application cases of offsetting in some contracts and transactions, including: sarf (currency exchange) contract, salam (deferred delivery) contract, borrowing contract, usurpation, guarantee, alimony, and others. In each case the ruling and its reason are explained from a jurisprudential perspective. Finally, the researcher summarizes the main points of agreement and disagreement between the offsetting cases in sarf and salam contracts, pointing out that the cases of obligatory offsetting are similar, while there are differences in some respects such as offsetting on the debt in both contracts and transforming the offsetting to the prior debt. Thus, the article has been able to present a detailed explanation of the subject of offsetting, in terms of concept, rulings and practical applications in Hanafi jurisprudence. The methodology used in the article is the descriptive methodology, also known as the literature review methodology, which is commonly used in writing Islamic academic papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is contains on sum of the mean points related to the social effects of the war on the Libyan society, it takes logical steps to view this case. At the beginning concentrate on the concepts of war generally, then give some information about the war, its properties, programs, indications, which it gives to the families and children which suffering from the destroy of war, throw light on the difficulties of the social life which the members of the community face as a result of war, in this kind of societies with some examples to this problems. In addition, identify the concepts of the cultures war factors and its impact on the level of services which the social institutions give to this countries during the war, finally view the challenges which facing Libya to replace this consequences and begin give the people the development, knowledge, fun in this countries to change the position of retardation from war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role of religious wars in the disintegration of the theocratic state that governed European societies during the Middle Ages and culminated with the French Revolution in 1789. To address this topic, the paper focuses on two main aspects: the first being a historical examination that maps out the religious wars geographically and chronologically across the European continent. The second aspect is analytical, aiming to understand the underlying motivations that fueled these wars. Additionally, this paper contributes to highlighting the ongoing debate among European and Western historians in general regarding the role of religion in these wars. Some argue that religion was at the heart of the devastating events that took place in Europe and consider religious factors as the primary catalyst, while others view them as secular conflicts and downplay the role of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is the base of the human's thought, and the expression of the extent of his development, through which he perceives his surroundings, and without it he cannot communicate with others, and as much as it grows, he elevates it. And because man is a being who always searches for development in all areas of his life, he had to consider developing his language, which has a lot of credit for him. The research paper presented by the researcher under the title "The morphological analyzer to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations" aims to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations from the Arabic texts, which will be used later in determining the morphological and grammatical structure of the Arabic sentence. The work in this research is to create algorithms that detect verbal verbs and determine their roots or conjugations with their associated antecedents, suffixes, and semantics. The semantic here comes to the verb according to the context of the sentence, and the researcher used the programming language (C#.net) within the program (Visual Studio) to create the aforementioned semantic morphological parser. The way this parser works is based on performing a complete scanning of the text after writing it in the special box or entering a file in one of the formats (Word, Pdf, txt), taking into account that every word present in the different formats is a verb of "saying" until the opposite is proven, and it matches it with the roots of verbs and their conjugation in the three tenses (past, present, and imperative) stored in a database connected to the program. Language is the base of the human's thought, and the expression of the extent of his development, through which he perceives his surroundings, and without it he cannot communicate with others, and as much as it grows, he elevates it. And because man is a being who always searches for development in all areas of his life, he had to consider developing his language, which has a lot of credit for him. The research paper presented by the researcher under the title "The morphological analyzer to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations" aims to extract the verbs of saying and their connotations from the Arabic texts, which will be used later in determining the morphological and grammatical structure of the Arabic sentence. The work in this research is to create algorithms that detect verbal verbs and determine their roots or conjugations with their associated antecedents, suffixes, and semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the legal concept of joint public property within Islamic jurisprudence. The paper aims to elucidate the nature of this form of property and its relationship with other types of ownership. Additionally, the article seeks to underscore the significance of joint public property in promoting equity in the utilization of lawful resources, safeguarding the rights of individuals, and advancing the common welfare. Moreover, the paper scrutinizes the various categories of permissible items in Sharia law and the divergent views of jurists regarding them, supported by evidentiary sources. Finally, the article conducts a thorough analysis and comparison of these opinions to arrive at the most accurate interpretation of Sharia standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper analyzes the political regimes in the Arab world since independence and their legitimacy. It examines three styles of government: hereditary, republican, and military. Hereditary regimes pass power within ruling families based on historical or religious legitimacy. Republican regimes derive legitimacy from political pluralism and elections. Military regimes come to power through coups or revolutions and justify their rule by restoring order and stability. The paper explores how these regimes establish and maintain legitimacy, their challenges and limitations, and their impact on political outcomes. The research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of political regimes in the Arab world and their implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study a group of complicated articles in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence that Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah dealt with and directed, after reviewing his work thoroughly, the selection fell on four articles, which are: Al-Samaniyah’s article on limiting the perceptions of knowledge to the senses, the article of the majority of the scholars of the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence on the scarcity of the overall memorized text, the article of Al-Shāfiʿī and Ahmad regarding the negation of abrogation of the Qur’an for the Sunnah, And Al-ʿAnbari’s article on correcting every Mujtahid (the one giving an independent reasoning). The paper dealt in each article with three issues: its origin, the point of its complication, and Ibn Taymiyyah’s treatment of it. In studying the articles presented, the researcher adopted the critical analytical approach. This paper concluded that: the distinction of al-Taimi’s work due to the wide reading of articles, and a thorough critic in dealing with the articles at the level of authenticating, reviewing and directing, addressing the complicated issues that the scholars are less exposed to, with the investigation of Ibn Taymiyyah's directives to these articles. The study recommended careful reviewing of articles in this field, investigating their issues, and treating them according to the correct approach, giving observations and correcting them according to contemporary studies, and urging for extensive writing in this field according to Ibn Taymiyyah and other critics of the scholars of this discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of demonstrating the connection between the image and imagination and its cultural connotations, this research paper revolved around a complex research problem that hinged upon two hypotheses. The first investigated the role of imagination in providing knowledge while the second explored the possibility of yielding cultural knowledge to fictional experiments. In order to confirm the first one, we examined the concept of imagination through different cultural strands that ascertained the fact that it was more than mere shapes decorating a painting. It was rather another insight to unveil the invisible side of the world. We tried to affirm the second hypothesis through exploring the existing cultural tools in artworks. The research findings showed that when the artist abstained from the figurative image, he ventured an unfamiliar world to offer an artistic lesson. This later called for other knowledge areas to analyze, interpret and infer the conceptual connotations of artworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Did the literary figures of classical Arabic literature participate in the theoretical discourse on translation? Can we find their theoretical insights in their encyclopedic works which enriched the Arabic library during the golden period of translation and Arab-Islamic culture? A sufficient corpus of research can be found on the phenomenon of translation along with its various aspects, but the theoretical side of the translation history rarely been discovered by the researcher working in the field of cultural history of Arabia. From this perspective, the paper aspires to shed light on the classical Arab thought on translation and explore its nature briefly. In order to achieve this purpose, this paper explores key themes of debate that originate among the translators and thinkers of this age. Among these themes include nature and purposes of translation, role of source and target language, types of translation: word to word and sense to sense, qualities of the translator among others. By presenting some of these theoretical reflections on translation, the researcher tries to put through a clear picture of classical Arab thought on translation. The importance of such research lies in the fact that they enable us to understand the intellectual progress on the subject and highlight the points of departure from those found in other cultural traditions of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judgment of consensus denial is a critical fundamentalist research. " Who denied the consensus is nonbeliever" is a phrase widespread between scholars and jurists where is the one who agreed, others were opposed, others elaborated on it, and there were who hesitated and worried. For that concern, this research paper studies the judgment of consensus denial to obtain a result . The research paper presents a brief introduction, outlining the meaning of the consensus, its authenticity, and whether it was indicative or subjunctive connotation. In addition, it presents the elements of consensus, conditions, sections, and types. The paper displays the judgment of consensus denial whether the denial is based on its authenticity or judgment and whether that consensus is indicative or subjunctive. It displays the sayings of the fundamentalists of the four religious’ schools of Islamic jurisprudence in this, as well as with the examples thereof . The research concluded that consensus is either indicative or subjunctive. The subjunctive consensus, there is hardly one who rejected its denier. As for indicative consensus was vary, there was a consensus that it is a necessity, and those who denied the consensus are nonbelievers for most of the fundamentalists for its consecutiveness. Most of the disagreement is focused on this type. The opinion of a group of fundamentalists, such as al-Amidi, Ibn al-Hajib, Al-Juwayni, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore the concepts and goals of grounding faith as a human science. The research endeavors to analyze the fundamentals of faith from a humanistic perspective, emphasizing the importance of understanding faith as a discipline that cares for the human and their aspirations. The research delves into the philosophical, cultural, and social aspects of grounding faith and how it can play a vital role in comprehensive human understanding and their place in the world. This research paper discusses fundamental concepts for grounding faith as a human science, such as the concepts of belief and religion and their impact on human behavior and social relationships. It also explores future objectives for this field, seeking to understand how developing faith as a science can contribute to the comprehensive development of individuals and societies. Using a comprehensive and analytical methodology, the research aims to shed light on the importance of grounding faith as a human science and how these studies can contribute to the advancement of humanity and its development in the contemporary world. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the significance of studying faith as a human science, which contributes to deepening the understanding and personal, social, and spiritual development of humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the status of women in Islamic law, with the goal of correcting the perceptions held by many intellectuals and others regarding their position in Islam. It also emphasizes the care and respect accorded to women in Islamic law, as well as the removal of any source of embarrassment for them. This study encompasses two main aspects: First: It delves into the fundamental aspect, emphasizing that facilitation and the removal of embarrassment are key objectives of Islamic Sharia in its general provisions, whether related to worship, transactions, marriage, or other areas. Second: It involves the collection of branches where the researcher identifies facilitation and the removal of embarrassment, particularly for women, within Islamic jurisprudence, beyond the scope of worship. This section also includes references to any existing disputes. In total, these branches encompass thirty-five distinct issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world had faced tremendous challenges due to rapid changes in social and economic aspects such as COVID19 which lead to high consideration of electronic learning because it's agreed with precautions to avoid infection by corona virus. The above mentioned challenged enabled the ministry of higher education and scientific research to adopt modern techniques in education process for sustainability. The paper aims to modify electronic application which will accelerate appropriate using of electronic education through the internet. The modified electronic technology provided many advantages such as cost minimization, availability of education services to a wide sector of students, storage, processing, sharing, and transmission of information when it's required and in any time in external servers available in internet cloud, in addition to the security from vPrus and hackers. The electronic education has been adopted in many higher education institutions through cloud computing projects. The paper aims to clarify the concept of cloud computing objectives, components and its applications in electronic education beside its endorsement in higher education. The paper also focused on proposed model of cloud computing prepared for Eldeain University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the economic effects of the US sanctions on Sudan. The paper aims to identify the concept of sanctions and their forms. The paper also aims at the most important US sanctions on Sudan. The paper also aims to identify the most important economic effects on the US sanctions on Sudan. The paper used both the historical approach and the methodology. Descriptive to identify the historical development of US sanctions on Sudan. The paper also uses the analytical approach to identify the most important economic impacts on US sanctions in Sudan. Forms of American sanctions on Sudan in political, economic and informational sanctions, the political administration in both Sudan and the United States of America should overthrow the principle of common interest in building relations between the two countries. Sudan should rely on investing its internal resources to cover the deficit caused by the American sanctions on Sudan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the GIS-based Applications web marketing: Turkey Historical Site in Khartoum, The Motivation depend on Role Geoinformatics Technology for Evaluate the historical sites. The objectives are Analysis, Design, and Implementation Turkey Historical Site in Khartoum. The Importance to support the decision Makers/ Supports. The Methodology is Geoinformatics Phases (Analysis, Design, and Implementations). The importance Results: Design Turkey GeoHistorical Data Model, Build Turkey GeoHistorical Geodatabase, implementation Turkey GeoHistorical Applications Map, Develop Turkey GeoHistorical thematic Map. We recommendations: Design Turkey GeoHistorical virtual Reality, Implementation Turkey GeoHistorical Map in Sudan, Implementation Turkey GeoHistorical Application in Sudan. The Future Papers: Implementation Turkey GeoHistorical 3D Model in Sudan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agritourism has been studied in various ways and contexts. It can be argued, however, that studies have yet to provide a clear and basic understanding of the characteristics that underpin and define agrtourism. Therefore, this paper investigates how the agritourism application in semi-urban areas of Al Jabal al Akhdar municipality, a total of forty-four (44) questionnaires were distributed to respondents where 42 responded. A quantitative data analysis approach was used to analyze the data (SPSS). The results indicated that Several roles of agritourism in semi-urban areas. Finally, the study was recommended that activating agricultural associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to provide a summary of the luost important challenges facing the entity of the Islamic nation in the modem era, and given tire importance and centrality of reconciliatioir hr tire Islairric public order, many scholars and reformers have worked to spread the spirit of harmony Iir order to airalyze tlris paper aird discuss its contents, I adopted tire descriptive-analytical approach, where tire irrost important pivotal issues that stir the dispute were referred to, then discussed ways to avoid obstacles to reconciliatioir witlr a legitimate approaclr. It is iroted that tire dispute between Muslims is due to tire failure to deal iir major aird cmcial issues for tire iratioir iir a way tlrat brings iirterests to its individuals aird groups, aird wards them froirr tire evils arising from tire inability to manage intellectual and doctrinal differences according to consensual approaches of interest. This paper is the foundations and premises aimed at gatlrering the word and overcoming the major and minor differences between Muslims when required by the immediate legal necessity, with reference to the most prominent fruits that the nation reaps as a result of rallying around its common and constituent. The research concluded that it is necessary to reconsider the premises and reasons that call for disagreement and dissent, and that the different parties to the legal texts should apply scientific controls that are abstract fiom ideological quarrels, and to stay away as much as possible from the causes of the emergence of disagreement, and work to bring the views closer by the irrodem available irreans. Such as holding conferences and seminars, and broadcasting the discourse of harmony in modern technical means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the context, and its impact on clarifying the connotations in the Quranic discourse, applying to the stories mentioned in Surat Al-Baqara, from the interpretation of Ibn Ashour. It aims to define the context and its types, and to show the interest of scholars and researchers in all legal and linguistic disciplines, both ancient and modern, to reveal its role in clarifying the significance in the Qur’anic discourse, and to clarify its relationship to the state of the hearer, the circumstances of the situation in the reasons for revelation, the relationship of the verses with precedents and suffixes, and the overall connection in the larger context. for the Holy Quran. In light of the descriptive approach based on induction, description, analysis and application. It includes a theoretical aspect that rootes the issue of context for linguists, ancient and modern, and for Sharia scholars of different specializations. In the Holy Qur’an, Surat Al-Baqarah, its purpose and the reason for its name, the stories mentioned in Surat Al- Baqarah, and the impact of the context on explaining its implications. And an applied aspect whose limits are the stories contained in Surat Al-Baqara through the interpretation of Ibn Ashour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is one of the significant matter in morphophonemic, which is based on meaning and concepts and its sole focus is on meaning and concepts of phonemic movements of Arabic language from among other meaning and concepts, such as Arabs, morphological structure. The importance of this article is to reveal the hidden aspects of the figurative meaning of Arabic phonetic movements to the majority of Arabic teachers and learners. Most of the time, the lack of correct understanding of Sharia texts is caused by lack of understanding of the implications and meanings of phonetic movements. Besides, in this research, one of the great aspects of the Arabic language and its symbolic secrets appear in small details with its examples in phonetic movements. In this paper, in order to achieve scientific goals and results, the researcher has adopted an inductive analytical method by following Arabic texts in authentic and reliable books, extracting its evidences and reasons, and analyzing it based on authentic reasons and proofs. As result, the researcher found that the issue of implication in Arabic phonetic movements are evident in reliable books and Arabic has many implications, phonetic movement has its own implication, words have their own implication, words and sentences have their own implication, and in all of these, words and meanings are combined and sentences and meanings are added. Consequently, by combing and adding these elements, the beauty and glory of the Arabic language becomes prevalent. An interpreter of the Holy Quran and a religious scholar can never reach an accurate understanding without a full understanding of the esoteric and implications of Arabic letters and phonetic movements. Additionally, the researcher has followed the advice of linguists, scholars and Arabic teachers and has tried to summarize this issue by paying attention to the specific issues that show the magnificence of the Arabic language in the age when enmity and jealousy towards this language has increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Research paper aims to research in the topic of the relationship social networking sites with health awareness about the risks of the spread of the corona virus, in light of the world is witnessing an accelerated form the terrible spread of the virus, it is offset by the growing use of social networking sites from different segments of society, social networking sites are a double edged sword that includes awareness of the risks of its spread and another aspect concerned with spreading rumors and wrong information's, and this led the individual to benefit from the educational contents and wondered about the validity of the information published, through social media different and their degree of credibility. We relied on the descriptive survey approach, we designed an electronic questionnaire from a sample of users in the city of Ouargla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Palestinian cause is considered one of the most important issues in the world, as it is the first and central issue for the Arab and Islamic peoples all over the world, and the major countries have taken care to have a position on this issue, especially China, as it is one of the largest countries in the world. This paper aims to answer an important question: Is the Chinese position on the Palestinian cause a principled or pragmatic position? This is what the researcher will explain. The researcher followed the inductive approach in choosing the statements and opinions that clarify the position of the Chinese side. Beside the analytical approach in analyzing these opinions and clearly stating the Chinese position. The results of the research show that the Chinese position on the Palestinian cause is a principled position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research considered the strategic relations of Sudan with regional countries and beyond during the factions within the period of the Salvation government. It also showed that the political quarrels among the Islamic Movement on how to design the general scope and settings for Sudan's external policy, with its requirements at all levels. The research used a semi-empirical method and also a descriptive method to study the foreign policy of Sudan (2010-2018) including experiences and challenges. It basically explained the international relations which characterized the policy bargain between countries. The findings of the research are that, although Sudan during the period covered by the present study, Sudan's external relations confronted with several challenges especially so in then. Prevailing situation characterized by the diplomatic confrontations among the major countries. Although Sudan's government kept carefully monitoring that situation to maintain careful steering amid those challenges, yet the country couldn't quite successfully develop an external policy with an effective strategic dimension both regionally as well as internationally. The most notable recommendations in the paper also refer to the fact that Sudan should have adopted a more balanced policy so as to maintain the country's own political stability, and to share benefits with its external partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of peaceful coexistence and cultural communication between human societies is a contemporary issue of widespread controversy, due to several things, the most important of which is the unjust and racist treatment of some peoples in the past, but in light of the transformations of the international community due to the dramatic pace of change and conflicts and conflicts in recent decades. It was necessary to identify the concepts of coexistence and communication as a solution to prevent the conflicts of the civilizational identity of peoples and remove the spectre of civilizational clash, and the Holy Quran established clear rules for the human family, and declared that all people were created from one soul, which means the unity of human origin. People without sorting in the eyes of Islam are the children of this human family, all of whom are whether they have the right to live and dignity without exception or discrimination and without regard to their religion, color or gender Coexistence between nations and peoples, cultures and religions is a great goal for all humanity, and Islam has been the founder of this important and necessary social principle — especially in our contemporary reality — and humanity today is evolving in a single global civilization characterized by multiculturalism, and there is no unified culture.. The importance of this subject is evident and the so-called globalization has imposed the need for the continued coexistence of different peoples and civilizations, which is both a source of understanding and conflict. It is all the more important today when we know that Islam is targeted, that Muslims are subjected to smear campaigns aimed at tarnishing their image and slander in their culture and that they do not accept the other. In this paper, the researchers will follow the descriptive analytical approach through the methods of extrapolation and extrapolation, and then divide the research into several investigations dealing with the first research: the concept of living its classifications and areas, while the second topic will make its title: coexistence in the Holy Quran and the third research will come entitled: Coexistence and Human Respect in the Light of the Prophet's Year and will be concluded with the fourth research on: the necessities of coexistence with the other in the modern era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the aspects of cultural globalization embodied in the video songs broadcast by the Rotana channel. This paper seeks to recognize the way these songs work to promote cultural globalization, which has become one of the controversial issues in societies with cultural specificity such as the Arab society. To doing so, this piece of research is carried out based on the descriptive approach, as it also used the data collection tool, which is to analyze a sample of video clips the channel recently presented. The video clips were chosen intentionally in line with the objective of the study. The most important findings of this study are: that the Arab songs represented as a cultural system and a media container, lack meaning and are mired in traditional slander. However, they are perfectly capable of transmitting culttiral globalization, as they include a wide range of its manifestations by emphasizing the Western lifestyle, based on material consumption and the marketing of women as a female body that drives lusts. They also present a distorted and misleading picture of reality and promote manifestations of destruction within the Arab society: things that helps marginalizing its local and diverse culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The child learns his language in his early years in an undivided whole, through listening and daily use of it in real communicative situations. The thing that made the Moroccan school assign the component of listening and speaking an important temporal space from the time of teaching and learning, as it allocated organizational and didactic measures that distinguish it from the rest of the components of the curriculum as It is an essential part of language learning, and as an end in itself. Accordingly, this research paper came to find out the most important developments of the Moroccan curriculum at the primary stage with regard to the listening and speaking component and the latter's ability to master the verbal act of this group of learners, defining the methodological framework adopted in teaching this component and the stages of conducting its lessons and activities. This research will also present an artificial evaluation situation that aims to improve the oral communicative competence of the fifth-level learners, as they are the category that accompanied the curriculum updating project, whose work was launched in 2017, and which was one of the most important workshops of the Ministry's adoption of an early education approach to reading. Staff of the deductive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to shed light on a hidden aspect of the personality of Imam Ibn Al-Qattan, after becoming famous in the field of Hadith sciences. The aspect that I want to show in this paper is the aspect of Usul, as the research revealed Ibn al-Qattan's good knowledge of Usul al-Fiqh. The historians mentioned that he has many books in this science, perhaps the most important of which is the book: "Masayil Min 'Usul Alfiqh Lam Yadhkurha Al'usuliuwn Fi Kutubihim". This indicates that Ibn al-Qattan was not only concerned with what the scholars of Usul al-Fiqh said, but he was one of the renovators in this science. Among what we explained in this research: what is related to the total evidence considered by him in the construction of rulings, which are the Qur'an, the Sunnah, consensus, measurement, accompaniment, reclamation, and the principle of precaution... It was also clear that he did not see the authenticity of some evidence as Shariah from us, and blocking the pretext in opposition to text and more. This research has mentioned some of Ibn al-Qattan's choices in the Fundamentals of jurisprudence sub issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This current research deals with the knowledge of believers' behaviors and the societal etiquettes in the Messenger's presence, may Allah bless and grant him peace, since it collects these etiquettes arranged according to their receipt in the folds of the verses of the Book of Allah Almighty. This research paper also analyzes these etiquettes in a logical manner in line with the common human morals prevailing in our society so that we do not go beyond these manners, as the Christians did in their deification of their Prophet Jesus, peace be upon him. Furthermore, it reveals the various etiquettes contained in the Holy Qur'an, which vary according to the situations and events that took place between the Prophet, may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him, and his companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Accordingly, Allah Almighty illuminated for them great etiquettes that those who know the destiny of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, follow their broad specific guidelines in order to gain his pleasure and the paradise as well as the Prophet's love, may Allah bless and grant him peace, and we may accompany him in this world and the hereafter. Moreover, the research has found out a number of these etiquettes that should be obligatory while accompanying the believer who loves his Messenger, may Allah bless and grant him peace, during his dealings with him during the Prophet' life, or after his death, may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Syrian revolution, after ten years of the ongoing war in Syria, has produced the greatest human tragedy that humanity has known of the destruction and displacement of about 16 million unarmed civilians, with disastrous results that half of the victims are children and youth, who have big needs of basic human rights in education, food and medicine. It is noticeable that there is a great difference in national policies in dealing with Syrian refugees in countries of asylum, according to their different political systems and economic conditions, between the exclusion or social integration refuges children. This paper attempts to monitor these policies, and stop at the models of experiences of social integration of children for Syrian refugees in Turkey and Germany, and to indicate the level of success in the two experiences and the basic obstacles to social integration, starting with the problem of language, securing job opportunities and access to income and ending with understanding the regulations, laws and the culture of the host countries, and stopping at integration into society. Preserving the cultural identity, which will remain in the short term as a dual identity problem, may delay the integration process in the short and medium term, but integration will lead to preserving this duality in the event that children return to their homeland or remain in the host country, so the best investment will be in the formation of these human resources. In the interest of the countries that dealt humanely and rationally with this issue, these children become men of cultural and economic communication between their home country and the country that hosted and spent on their education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper examines the problem of the enemy and the Internet, with an explanation of the concept of the enemy and its characteristics and identification of its forms and mechanisms in light of the technological revolution that clearly contributed to the change that occurred in the concept itself. And the developments that took place at the level of freedom of opinion and expression, especially after the Arab Spring revolutions that erupted in order to demand freedom, justice and democracy in the Arab region. Therefore, the researcher focused through this study to highlight the dialectic of the relationship between the Internet as a communication medium on the one hand, and the enemy or network ghost, on the other hand, For this purpose, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, where the study reached substantial results, the most important of which is that the Internet has a strategic role in the emergence of the hidden face of the enemy and in destabilizing the foundations of the existing political systems. On this basis, we can explore the role of the Internet and its applications in changing the concept of the enemy in the media of Arab countries, and this requires the formulation of new concepts and approaches in the context of political reform, the democratic margin and the relative freedoms available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper was prepared in order to provide an accurate analysis of the concept of sustainable development, which represents the common link between the environment, the economy and society, and this thought has increased in recent times until it spread within the work of institutions, governments and organizations, the challenge today is to research how to increase the awareness of the international community sustainable development and the opportunities and challenges it poses so that they possess the knowledge, skills and means to establish sustainable development that is effective and highly efficient. This study seeks to identify the most important indicators, goals and principles of sustainable development, its reality and the overall challenges that stand in the way of achieving this development in Tunisia, while presenting lessons learned and suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the weakness of developing countries and the multiple problems they suffer from "exchange rates, imbalances in the balance of payments, financing for development" make it difficult to succeed alone in facing the globalized financial market, huge financial flows and facing development problems, and this is what prompts them to search Other frameworks for monetary and financial cooperation are closer and broader than the frameworks stipulated in their financial and monetary systems, and in light of the international trends that have become attaching great importance to regional arrangements for monetary cooperation, we find that the majority of developing countries have arranged their agenda for cooperation in a regional framework as one of the important means to confront crises and this is what we will address In this research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networking sites are considered the most prevalent on the Internet, because of the characteristics that they have that distinguish them from other websites, and this is what encouraged Internet surfers from all over the world to turn to websites, as these sites helped to connect peoples with their various cultural orientations, transcending geographical boundaries. These digital networks provide a large and huge amount of information, attitudes and trends, thus contributing to making it an environment for everything that happens around it in terms of events and facts, as well as facilitating the process of communication between its users and eliminating cultural differences and characterized by interaction and globality, which makes millions of users all over the world frequent according to their demands and needs, One of the most important of these sites is Twitter, which is one of the most widely used social networking sites, as it is known by a large number of users of social networks of all ages and categories, which has given it a global reputation among other sites due to its many characteristics that give it a special luster and attract a huge number of its pioneers. Those who are highly applauded for the benefits and services it provides, so we will try, through our research paper, to identify the Algerian youth's use of "Twitter" to follow private satellite channels and we chose the An-Nahar channel page. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims primarily to explain the legal ruling of Libra, the currency that has been proposed by facebook on the 18 June 2018. This necessarily requires shedding light on the essence of the currency, its history, function, early and contemporary types and its legal condition. The importance of this research study appears to be the first in its type, as the researcher did not come across any research or papers deals with this emerging currency. This might be due to the newness of this juristic occurrence. Moreover, it will be soon exchanged in the market; therefore, people would inquire about its validity. This study has used the inductive approach, and the analytical deductive method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reform is a process that requires a holistic approach in terms of its meaning, in which the theoretical aspect meets the practical, with clarity of vision and approach. Hence this scientific paper, to highlight the features of the Prophet's reform, to reveal its characteristics, and effects, and the importance of benefiting from it by reformers to achieve the purposes of reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception, Popular Poetry has gone through various historical stages, in which the poet sings his popular culture, remembering the most important events of his life, and poetry was at all times the air that the Algerian individual could not give up, because it is part of his life that reflects his worries, mentions his pain and hopes, and expresses his horizons and future. As a literary form, folk poetry is a means of learning about the psychological and social reality, revealing the various mentalities that have arisen in the lap of local culture, which the popular poet represented in terms of sociological connotations. It reflects all the individual and collective representations of the living reality of aspirations, beliefs and their outlook on life. This research paper attempted to highlight these representations in their cultural and political aspects through analysis of popular poetic texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Achiir, as we look forward to historical studies and the descriptions of the geographical nomads, witnessed developments in the political field, economic growth, prosperity in the intellectual and cultural movement and expansion of the urban network, which was reflected in the Assyrian society, which knew a cultural diversity and wealth, and a cultural paper that brought it out of the stage of the obese to the development of civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is clear to us that prophetic praise is an ancient poetic purpose, with a renewed essence of praise, thanks and mention of the prospects of the ring of prophets and apostles Muhammad, his god and peace be upon him, his recipes, morals and behaviors, and his creative material is inspired by a purely religious perspective. It is a color of expression of religious emotions, a poetry that provides for the systems of the biography of the Messenger of God, enumerating his moral and moral qualities, showing longing to see him and visiting his grave, and the holy places that are linked to his life, while mentioning his material and moral miracles, praising his conquests against infidels and polytheists, and praying for him, his family and his companions in appreciation and greatness. This research paper therefore highlights the contents of the prophetic praise poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural identity of the Arab nation represents a continuous cultural and intellectual product and accumulation that goes back to long experiences, even though it has suffered from a state of cultural disintegration that primarily affected the rural masses and the hardening of traditional culture as a form of resistance and a definitive answer to attempts at pressure, temptation and civilized distortion, especially after the emergence of the so-called invasion The media of cultural globalization, who worked to destroy the intellectual, spiritual and political forces of the receiving audience and to stereotype their thought and behavior. Which worked to destroy the intellectual, spiritual and political forces of the receiving public and stereotyped its thought and behavior, and Algeria, like other countries, has sought to preserve its components and identity from the Arabic language, various local dialects, religion, customs, local heritage (material and moral) and a common history, but the danger of crushing and melting remains in the current Globalization in the new communicative environment poses a real danger to the privacy of its people, so this research paper came in an attempt to give a socio-historical scene on the issue of cultural identity in the Arab world and its conflict with globalization, and to talk about Algeria's experience in the field of local media to combat the danger of stereotyping globalization and assimilation into the culture of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This marked research (fraternal construction and its impact on the cohesion of society) reveals the concept of religious fraternity, its truth, its importance in the Book and the Sunnah, and explains their means in deepening the bonds of brotherhood, and what this faith bond contributes to achieving solidarity and cooperation on good, and To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher took the inductive and introspective approaches to present the forensic evidence, which dealt with this subject, and then devised the most prominent effects learned from that evidence using the words of the interpreters and the explanations of the hadiths, and the research resulted in a number of results : • The bond that binds the nation is the right doctrine, which God has not had purely. • This bond tastes the sweetness of faith, complements the nudity of faith, and elevates it on the Day of Resurrection with the shadow of the merciful. • One of the most imp ortant means of Islam in achieving brotherhood is love, courtship, charity and altruism. • The secret of the strength of this nation with the cohesion and unity of its members, and the opposite of that call for nervousness, tribalism, and partisanship.. The research also recommended many studies related to the intentions of society - the family - and what leads to its cohesion, and the means of pure revelations in achieving the unity of the nation in the form of research and scientific papers to benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through this research paper, we want to stand on the importance of religion and its positive and negative effects on social construction . Its positive effects are represented in the advancement of society and the promotion of the values of coexistence in it, cooperation and understanding among the members of the same society, As for its negative effects, it may appear in the form of tension between the components of the same society, according to the different religious reference, Which weakens the bond that unites the members of one community, affects the stability and prosperity of the community, As for exceptional cases, in which this tension may reach the stage of estrangement, rivalry and fighting between the components of society as a result of its use by their references in a way that serves their political orientations that are linked to their doctrinal ideology represented by religion. We have taken the Syrian society as a model in this research, in order to clearly show those positive and negative effects in it with the beginning of the Syrian revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]