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Background: There are many conservative interventions to reduce the symptoms of coccydynia, but it is not clear which treatment can be more effective. The aim of this review study was to evaluate the types of conservative interventions and the effectiveness of each of them in reducing coccydynia symptoms. Methods: This systematic review was carried out based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) instruction. A search for research studies published up to October 2021 was conducted in Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, using Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane without data constraints. The search was carried out in October 2021 and continued for seven months. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro). All prospective randomized clinical trial studies in which participants suffered from coccydynia and were treated with nonsurgical treatments were included. Results: 945 articles were found in the primary search of the databases. After eliminating 493 repetitive papers, 452 studies remained which were screened by the two researchers of this study in terms of the title and abstract. 40 studies were selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, 12 articles were included in the review study. Two papers used extracorporeal shockwave, two papers used impar ganglion block, three papers manual therapy, and four studies injection. The remaining four studies used iontophoresis with ketoprofen, biofeedback therapy, acupuncture, and physiotherapy with Kinesio taping. Conclusion: Treatment with extracorporeal shock wave and impar ganglion block significantly improve tailbone pain and show more permanent effects on patients' symptoms. Manual therapies are mostly used in cases where the tailbone is stable. It seems that achieving the desired response requires more than six sessions, which is not pleasant for patients. Injections, especially those performed under fluoroscopic guidance, require high skill in addition to being unpleasant and painful. However, this procedure is done in one session, so there is no need for the next visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint contract is that the contractors agree on combining multiple contracts into one, for example, al-baye (selling), ijarah (rent), hebah (gift), wakalah (agency) dain (debt) atc, it may be combined in one contract in a situation which cannot be separated. It is possible for transactions to be combined into one on the basis of immediate or conditional and sometimes it may be combined into one organized contract which has different parts and phases and these parts can't be separated. This paper will focus on whether it is permissible for all these different contracts to be into one or not. If it is permissible so which type is allowed and which type is not? What are the rules and regulations of a right and wrong combined transaction, respectively? Besides this, the paper will explore the opinions of classical jurists of Islam on the issue and their relevance to current financial matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addressed the regional and international reasons that prompted Saudi Arabia and Iran to engage in an agreement (Beijing: 10/3/2023). The research derives its importance from the fact that it deals with a topic of great importance and exceptionality, and has a great impact, whether at the level of the region or the world. The historical and analytical approaches were used to address the research problem: What are the regional and international reasons that prompted Saudi Arabia and Iran to engage in the (Beijing) agreement? The study is presented in two parts: the first dealt with the regional causes and the with the international causes. In addition to an introduction, conclusion and recommendations. Among the most prominent search results: -The failure of the Saudi-led military coalition in Yemen since 2015 AD; One of the most important reasons for its rapprochement with Iran. Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Salman's economic vision 2030 AD; I made him work to zero Saudi Arabia's problems in the region. - Continuing Western-economic sanctions on Iran, and popular discontent with the deterioration of living conditions; They made it converge with Saudi Arabia. -America's military withdrawal from the Middle East region and its indifference to Saudi Arabia's demands; pushed it to an agreement with Iran. -China's sponsorship of the consultations; As a superpower, it had a major role in Saudi Arabia and Iran reaching the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details the unforeseen changes that are occurring within the Zionist entity, which are expressed by the nature of the new government coalition due to the inconclusive success that it achieved in the 2022 elections: the first change is the loss of the right-wing that calls for bestowing the Israeli citizenship upon the Palestinian nationals and subjecting them to the apartheid regime, in the interest of other right-wing victory that calls for the killing, extermination, and deportation of Palestinians. The second change is the blatant return to the racist tendencies that characterized Zionism entity since its inauguration through adopting further practices that showcase its Nazism against the Palestinians, including the acceleration of religioning the state and the creation of a fascist regime opposed to the judiciary, women's rights, media, secular education and the left. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper sheds light on the "image of time" in the poetic texts of the poet Ibn Daniyal (1249-1311 AD), to reveal the "structure-function" in his poems, by employing the meaning of "understanding" as one of the basic and primary research tools in the structural-formative approach that was founded by the French critic, Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970 AD). The argument of the research is that Ibn Daniyal's use of temporal structures in his texts did not come arbitrarily, but it is rather out of awareness of the dialectical relationship between time as a historical period and time as a source of inspiration; where Ibn Daniel mixes between the two concepts to create poetic themes, with expressive contents about the reality of a relived life. From this perspective, the study aims to prove a relationship of mutual influence between the moment of creative creation of Ibn Daniyal’s temporal structure and its social contexts of living by the class of workers and craftswomen in particular. This is to prove its impact in creating temporal concepts related to the temporal and spatial eras that appeared in the Mamluk era particularly in Egypt. This study also investigate impact of this "spatio-temporal" in creating the structure of the perceptions of his poetic themes and their motives manifested from the structure-function, revealing the vision of the creator of the work for his world. The methodology of this study adopts the descriptive analytical approach. The study concluded that his line of poetry was formed by multiple standards. Ibn Daniyal used it to express the image of time in his mind, to which he gave contradictory features, such as: The absence of viability and presence of annihilation, deserted reality and fertile imagination, unity in utopian society and abandonment in dystopian society, and the psychology of alienation and the psychology of stability. The minor structure of work in the texts of Ibn Daniyal came in perfect harmony with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is an analysis of the social discourse of Active Sudanese youth in social media, especially (Facebook). Using pragmatic and interactive method, research sample was selected from youth writings on the floods that swept Sudan in the rainfall of 2020 AD, which caused great losses and constituted great attention to public opinion and the media. This research concluded with many results, the most important of which are: The discourse of the research sample was built from a combination of vocabulary from the Arabic language at its standard level mixed with vocabulary from the Sudanese colloquial dialect; because the latter is sometimes used to convey intended meanings, to create a desired interaction, and deliberation intended by the letter's writer. Likewise, the nature of the social discourse of Sudanese youth on Facebook, who wrote about the ordeal of torrents and floods, is mostly interactive and does not care about preserving sacred level and does not take them into account. The writer of the speech is from the public, and he targets the public and those who are both higher and lower than him. The study confirmed the adoption of a free agenda in the posts of Sudanese youth on Facebook regarding floods and torrents, and the presentation and discussion of the discourse that was studied in this paper focused on the topic (i.e. the meaning), not the form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper presents an extensive research project that has been completed and directed, aiming to formulate a detailed dictionary for: "the meaning of augmented forms in the Arabic language" by approaching the "increased forms" and their derivatives mentioned in "Lisan al-Arab" by Ibn Manzoor. The study aims to analyze the lexical units mentioned in this dictionary from several linguistic angles, through the context in which the unit was presented. The lexical analysis technique used in this research is based on the concept of "distinctive semantic features", which provides a structural and functional description of lexical units. Through the inductive method, the study was able to identify and list the most frequently used augmentative forms in the Arabic language. Hence, the proposed dictionary will classify the verbal forms and the nominal forms. This study also identified the most frequently used affixes in augmented forms by comparing their frequency in other dictionaries of Arabic language. Through the project, the research has compiled an inventory of the verbal and nominal derivatives contained in the dictionary of Lisan al-Arab by Ibn Manzoor. The research also found that the number of the triple roots from which the words of the Arabs were derived, amounted to more than (50000) roots, and that the extra letters were not confined to the letters (سألتمونيها), especially in suffixes. Finally, the research found that theforms of verbal derivatives were more frequent in the Arabic language than the forms of nominal derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to reveal a bibliometric and content analysis of learning disabilities research published in scientific journals issued by Jordanian universities during the years (2020-2022), amounting to (29) research papers published in (15) scientific journals. To achieve the objectives of the study, the content analysis approach was used. The content analysis card was also used; the results indicated that the percentage of research related to learning disabilities published in these journals amounted to (1.3%). And that most of the research was in the component of evaluation and diagnosis (36.7%), while no study looked at the component of educational objectives and activities. And that the majority of the research used the quantitative research type (96.7%), especially the semi-experimental method (40.0%), and the mixed methodology was not used. This research targeted communities of school students (48.4%), especially elementary school students (35.5%). Research has used the scales tool (41.3%). Focus was placed on the student's corner first (58.1%), while the environmental corner was not addressed. Considering these results, the study made a few relevant recommendations, such as building a database for learning disabilities research. This research targeted the communities of school students (48.4%), especially elementary school students (35.5%). The samples were students with learning disabilities in general. Without specifying which type is the most category (35.5%), while other communities were not targeted. Most of the research used the scales tool (41.3%), Focus was placed on the student's corner first (58.1%), while the environmental corner was not addressed. Considering these results, the study made a few relevant recommendations, such as building a database for learning disabilities research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qur’ānic rhythmicity, represented in the intonations of the music emitted in folds of the Great Qur'ān came as the basis for the passion for recitation and listening pleasure. Although there have been several studies on this subject, the focus of the research has been on rhythmic forms: What they are, their composition, and the effect of their representation in Qur’ānic styles as a kind of renewed vision, understanding, and perception of Qur’ānic discourse. The research, therefore, followed the approach of characterizing these forms and analyzing them by devising the bonds t hat m ade t he r hythm s pread m eaning d ifferently. I t began b y r eferring t o t he r ole o f music provided by the rhythms of the Qur’ānic verses in paying attention to the vocal miracle, next presents the basic types of this rhythm and shows the foundations of this study that support the idea of its presence in the verses, to highlight its role in clarifying the meaning. This study focused on illustrating the forms of rhythm, ranging from the splendid through the rhythm of the suggestive rhythm, and ending with the syllabic rhythm, by describing each form and searching for it between letters, words, structures, and methods. Besides, it pays attention to rhythm's effects and indicates its reflection on meaning. The research has shown that the rhythm makes emotion peak, showing meaning embodied in terms. This embodiment represents the power of performance in demonstrating the exact purpose of speech choices within specific contexts and through various exquisite styles colored in psychological meanings. The importance and objectives of the research Rhythm are directly related to the different connotations it generates. Phonetic formations are activities and interactions between meanings. The sound structure, an essential element in the Holy Qur’ān, is one of the elements that form the rhythm in the structure of the verses of the Qur’ān. Its interaction with other elements contributes to shaping the Qur’ānic discourse with its creative vision and artistic and aesthetic dimensions while showing verbal consistency, collecting homogeneous words, and linking words. Common and synonymous in one sentence is something that avoids the language, and we find it common in the language of the Qur’ān to the maximum extent, to give it a harmonious rhythm distinct from the rhythm of poetry among the Arabs, and this is what attracted them to it and prompted them to pay attention to what it conveyed to them. The research aims to explain the importance of rhythm in the verses of the Holy Qur’ān, in addition to highlighting the relationship between rhythm, meaning, and context in the texts of the Qur’ān, and its role in making this rhythm an element of the Qur’ānic miracle, as it has thus denoted a distinct Qur’ānic rhythm that made it that strange phenomenon that characterizes the Qur’ān in paving his letters and arranging his words in order without every arrangement and system used by people in their speech. Previous studies: The interest in the rhythm of the Qur’ān as part of a whole appeared in their talk about the miraculousness of the Qur’ān according to al-Rumani, al-Khattabi, al-Askari, al- Baqalani, al-Jurjani, al-Sakaki, and al-Zamakhshari, through his interest in the phonetic beauty of the Holy Qur’ān in terms of application, while he was partly independent of the study according to contemporaries. Where Al-Rafi’i saw that this wonderful literary characteristic of the Qur’ānic discourse lies in the elegant rhythm, and he worked on studying the commas and their effects, and Subhi Al-Saleh followed him in studying the internal music of the Qur’ān, and After him, Naim Al-Yafi came to lay down nine rules for the formation of the melody in the music of the Qur’āan, as Bakri Sheikh focused Amin and other scholars on Qur’ānic rhythm, among them Muhammad Abdullah Daraz, and Al-Mubarak. While the study of rhythm in poetry was independent by Kamal Abu Deeb in his book (On the Rhythmic Structure of Arabic Poetry), and Muhammad Al-Ayashi in his book (The Theory of Rhythm in Arabic Poetry). Research methodology and plan: In terms of the fact that the research aimed to shed light on the forms of Qur’ānic rhythm, clarify the relationship between meaning and rhythm, and what rhythm offers to mean in terms of vision, understanding and realization of the Qur’ānic discourse, and making it in papers accessible to anyone who wants, without delving or going too deep and going too far, The approach in this matter is not limitless. The research began with an introduction in which he explained the importance of the research and its objective in addition to the methodology it followed. Then the research was presented in two frameworks: A theoretical framework that spoke briefly about sounds and rhythm in Arabic, in two points. A practical framework in which the rhythmic forms were identified between the rhythmic rhythms of the Budaiya, the rhythmic suggestive, and the rhythmic syllables, and then the Qur’ānic evidence was mentioned on these forms and their branches, with their analysis, and a reference to the conclusions that were reached, then the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research addressed the Emirati users’ attitudes towards the effectiveness of new media in health awareness campaigns about the Coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic. The research aims to identify the effectiveness of new media in health awareness campaigns about the Corona pandemic from the point of view of Emirati users. Furthermore, it aims to know the attitudes of Emirati users about the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects resulting from following health awareness campaigns through the new media about the Corona pandemic. The researcher used descriptive methodology and a questionnaire as an essential tool for collecting information.The study found that users depend on the official websites and pages of the state; social media; electronic news websites; World Health Organization websites; smartphone-related news apps; online TV channels; national electronic and paper newspapers; SMS via mobile phone; online radio programs; and blogs as sources for their information on the Corona pandemic. The study also revealed that the cognitive effects resulting from following up health awareness campaigns about the Corona pandemic through new media are that these media provide users with instructions that help them prevent infection with the pandemic, expand their circle of knowledge and beliefs, and provide them with the necessary information about the Corona pandemic. The study recommended promoting awareness programs specified in the state's official media through new media and encouraging research centers to conduct further studies on facing the repercussions of the current coronavirus pandemic and preparing for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the different points of view of the classical school, the Keynesian school, and the monetary school regarding the velocity of money circulation. It aims to investigate the determinants of money velocity in Iraq for the period from 2005:1- to 2020:4, using the autoregressive distributed lag approach (ARDL Model). The results indicate the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the velocity of money circulation and its determinants. When estimating the parameters, it is found that the GDP growth rate has a positive effect on the velocity of money circulation, and it is the only variable that demonstrates statistical significance. Diagnostic tests were conducted, confirming that the model is free from the problems of serial correlation and heteroscedasticity in the error term, as well as demonstrating the stability of the parameters in the long term relationship between the velocity of money circulation and its explanatory variables. Based on these results, the researcher suggests that it is preferable to use the growth rate of the money supply, rather than interest rates as an indicator for measuring the impact of monetary policy on economic activity in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints, lines, textures, and shapes of hands. It also refers to the bumps that are naturally present on certain parts of the body, such as the palm, fingers, soles, and toes. Dermotoglyphics is like a map that leads one to understand one's potential and talents. Each person inherits innate intelligence from his parents. And through Dermatoglyphy analysis, we can accurately understand the distribution and quantity of cells in the right and left side of the brain, and predict where the potential is., so that the right and left sides of the brain grow in a more balanced way. One of the interests of sports science is to search for methodologies that can help in discovering potential athletes, and some research has been conducted in an attempt to identify and characterize the genetic appearance of skin tags (fingerprints), to determine genetic features And physical for some football players, basketball. Volleyball, table tennis, fingerprint indices were calculated, the number of drawings for the 10 fingers, and they also classified common human dermatotypes (Gastélum-Cuadras, 2022), - the methodology according to the protocol proposed by Cummins and Midlo (1961) consisted of taking fingerprints of the hands 10, which was previously based on ink and paper or a magnifying glass. Currently, fingerprint analysis is performed using Dermatoglyphic software. The results show that the most common fingerprint in athletes is the Ulnar loop (LU), followed by Whorl. More should be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt's construction sector faces enormous challenges related to the construction phase, the most important of which is a considerable waste of effort, time, and money that may result in increasing the risk of losing projects. Indeed, eliminating such a waste will certainly improve the project performance, thereby enhancing the value of the project stakeholders. The researcher assumes that adopting lean construction (LC) approach is necessary to reduce waste, improve performance, and enhance the performance of the Egyptian construction sector at large. The research relies on a simplified methodology that has several positive outcomes: (1) saving time and cost; (2) boosting quality and safety; and (3) improving management process control, resource management, and relationships between project team members. Therefore, the main objective of the current paper is to examine and analyse the ability of wasteless construction principles to reduce waste in the construction process through an applied case study of a large construction project in Egypt. The study employs lean construction (LC) methodology and utilizes its technologies and tools to reduce waste in construction, particularly at the finishing stage, measuring their effectiveness in achieving the desired goals. The study assumes to have two major contributions: (i) determining the main causes of waste in the Egyptian construction industry; and (ii) applying LC methodology to prevent and eliminate the causes of waste inherent in the construction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of countries are turning to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to resolve their water disputes. This is a positive development, as it allows the court to establish and improve standards for the use of waterways and help resolve conflicts related to water. The court's decisions reflect the tension between sovereignty and international law. Some decisions prioritize sovereignty and treaties, while others give more weight to moral principles and social theories. However, the court chose not to address water as a human right. This paper focuses on the ICJ's role in developing a body of international water law and argues that the court still values sovereignty in its interpretation of laws, which often limits protections for the rights of non-state groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agritourism has been studied in various ways and contexts. It can be argued, however, that studies have yet to provide a clear and basic understanding of the characteristics that underpin and define agrtourism. Therefore, this paper investigates how the agritourism application in semi-urban areas of Al Jabal al Akhdar municipality, a total of forty-four (44) questionnaires were distributed to respondents where 42 responded. A quantitative data analysis approach was used to analyze the data (SPSS). The results indicated that Several roles of agritourism in semi-urban areas. Finally, the study was recommended that activating agricultural associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of a proposed program based on Jules Verne's science fiction novels to develop some geographical thinking skills and some geographical analysis skills of literary texts for students teachers of Geography Division.Two lists of some geographical thinking skills and some geographical analysis skills of literary texts were prepared for students teachers of Geography Division .A proposal based on Jules Verne's science fiction novels, and students' working papers were also prepared.The researcher prepared two research tools, namely: geographical thinking skills teste and geographical analysis skills for literary texts teste. The research group consisted of an experimental group of (27) male and female students from Geography Division of the fourth year - Faculty Education - Assiut University, and the results of the research found a significant effectiveness of the proposed program in developing geographical thinking skills amounted to (0.991) and the geographical analysis skills of literary texts amounted to (0.992) among student teachers of Geography Division the research group, and there is a positive correlation with statistical significance at the level of Significance (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group student teachers in the post application of the geographical thinking skills test and the geographical analysis skills test of literary texts; It ranged between (20.9-25.6), that is a high percentage, which indicates a strong correlation between the two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study handled the Guarantees of creditors in the one-person company in Saudi Companies Law, this research paper aims to analyze the texts of the Saudi laws related to the subject matter of the study to highlight the strengths and weaknesses in relation to the subject matter. To this end, the researcher has used the descriptive analytical method. To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher studied the statutory texts related to the Guarantees of creditors in the one-person company in Saudi Companies Law, based on the approach of analyzing legal texts with the help of jurisprudential opinions related to the topic. The study divided into three parts; the first part dealt with: the concept of a one-person company. As for the second chapter, we devoted it to company bankruptcy, third chapter we devoted it to the guarantees of the oneperson company creditors. Finally, the researcher suggests several recommendations, which may contribute, to the enactment of laws in a more accurate manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the extent of the success of punitive measures in promoting classroom discipline in basic education schools in Mukalla, the researcher used the descriptive approach and questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The study community consisted of principals of schools and their agents and teachers of basic education schools in Mukalla, which is of (1670) individuals. A random sample was taken from (180) individuals from the study population. The results were as follows: The most important findings was the confirmation of the success of using corporal punishment, especially the method of beating, when a student exhibits a behavior that intends bad manners, violence, and intentional assault on others, or the use of obscene or racist words, as well as when ethical violations or brings forbidden which are behaviors that is denied by school as well as society, but teachers and school administration often adhere to school regulations. The success of using methods of corporal punishment such as cleaning the class as a punishment for behaviors that are predominantly reckless and indifferent, and the method of standingin class or in line used as physical and moral punishment for types of behaviors that is wanted to be changed or may require some kind of alert. However, the punishment methods like continues movements and commission of additional assignments were having weak indicators, due to ineffectiveness as the sample members seen. In the term of moral punishment, the statistical indications of the methods of calling the student's guardian or the method of recommending the dismissal was high as punishment for dangerous and complex behaviors and when they are considered as a source of change for other or a measure to prevent spread of specific behavior that may not benefit traditional methods or not expected to change it easily, so they may return the discipline to the guardian as a moral punishment or to be disciplined out of school. Moreover, the confiscation of the examination paper was only highly indicative in cheating conditions. The use of physical punishment has high statistical indications in cases where cessation or extinction a behavior is desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The miserable failure of the enforced strategy for moving from the former economic regime towards market economy through applying the flawed neoliberal economic policies during the period (2003-2023), necessitates radical change of public investment criteria for utilizing public ownership of oil wealth in order to ensure optimal economic production, and to finance public investment projects necessary to achieve the targeted growth of production sectors and improving the deteriorated public services. The paper aims to identify the conditions required for optimal production and assess the real economic cost of utilizing oil wealth, as well as regulate the foreign exchange rate's accordingly, through a proposed model of dual central economic planning and competitive market mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the role of linguistic marks (lexical and grammatical) to determine the sex of the view of some of the words which sits neighbors on the lips of masculine and feminine, which is located after (she) and (said) and (says) assigned to the evocative again and feminine in the Koran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the context, and its impact on clarifying the connotations in the Quranic discourse, applying to the stories mentioned in Surat Al-Baqara, from the interpretation of Ibn Ashour. It aims to define the context and its types, and to show the interest of scholars and researchers in all legal and linguistic disciplines, both ancient and modern, to reveal its role in clarifying the significance in the Qur’anic discourse, and to clarify its relationship to the state of the hearer, the circumstances of the situation in the reasons for revelation, the relationship of the verses with precedents and suffixes, and the overall connection in the larger context. for the Holy Quran. In light of the descriptive approach based on induction, description, analysis and application. It includes a theoretical aspect that rootes the issue of context for linguists, ancient and modern, and for Sharia scholars of different specializations. In the Holy Qur’an, Surat Al-Baqarah, its purpose and the reason for its name, the stories mentioned in Surat Al- Baqarah, and the impact of the context on explaining its implications. And an applied aspect whose limits are the stories contained in Surat Al-Baqara through the interpretation of Ibn Ashour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this present research paper is to document the inscription of hexagon star on the coins used in Umayyad period after the Arabizing the coins in 77H/696A.D., which ware follis made from copper, and to prove that hexagon star was an Islamic ornamentation element since the Umayyad era. It was a symbol of the mint or the team of a mint. This study was based on descriptive, documentary, statistical and historical analysis of Umayyad coins with hexagon star, mentioned in references, web sites, and Ashmolean Museum in Britain. The researcher found many results, such as that Umayyad governors deal with hexagon star as ornamentation element since that early time, and that element struck just on copper arabizing coins. The study recommended encouraging researchers to do further studies about hexagon star on Islamic coins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the relationship between moral disengagement and moral identity; moreover, it aimed at identifying the level of moral disengagement as well as the moral identity. Furthermore, this paper also aimed to see whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of moral disengagement and moral identity can attributed to so gender and class levels. To achieve the objective of the study, both moral disengagement scale, and moral identity scale were used. The sample of the study consisted of (1032) adolescents chosen purposive method. The results of the study revealed low levels of moral disengagement and high levels of moral identity. Male adolescents were significantly higher than their female counterpart regarding the moral disengagement and its dimensions (moral justification, euphemistic language, advantageous comparison, displacement of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distorting consequence, attribution of blame, and dehumanization), and seventh-grade were significantly higher than their eighth and ninth grade counterpart regarding the moral disengagement and its dimensions (moral justification, euphemistic language, diffusion of responsibility, attribution of blame, and dehumanization). It was found that the levels of moral identity and its dimensions (symbolization and internalization) were significantly higher in females than males. It was also found that the levels of moral identity and its dimensions (symbolization and internalization) were significantly higher eighth-grade than seventh and ninth grade. Finally, the results showed a negative relationship between moral disengagement and moral identity. Based on the results, the study recommends taking advantage of the high level of moral identity among adolescents in the development of other aspects of personality, such as social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is writing Arabic in the right-to-left a problem for Turkish learners who have a Latin writing background? So, how much difficults is there? What are the reasons that make this difficults between students? These are the mean questions that these paper well answer. Also this study has used statistics that was prepared and distributed on 85 students from Gaziantep University at the Faculty of Theology who had studing at )2017-2018). These paper used the descriptive comparative method between the mother language of students, and the aim language,)Arabic(. The research consists of: Introduction, and three sections; the first is titled (the comparison between arabic and latin writing system), the second is titled (the great difficulties in arabic writing to the turkish learners) the therd is titled; (the teaching active for the arabic writing skill) the last Conclusion, appendices and sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research paper is to document the animal shapes on Umayyad copper coins in the semi-Arabizing period, which happened before the complete post-reform of coins. Despite forbidding the engraving of animals or human icons on Islamic artifacts, we can document many of these icons’ engravings on Islamic coins and architecture. This study was based on descriptive, documentary, statistical and historical analysis of the appearance of animal shapes on Umayyad copper coins mentioned in the references or websites. The researcher can estimate 11 shapes of animals on Umayyad copper coins as of this paper. The animals are: lion, snake, duck, jerboas, horse, dove, fish, frog, bird, scorpion, and elephant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to uncover the impact of Al-Zuhūr Magazine - which was issued in the second decade of the twentieth century in Egypt - on the Arab literary renaissance. It sheds light on the magazine special attention to literature, which distinguished it from most of the magazines that appeared at that time. The paper also attempts to reveal its role in the renaissance, as well as its prominent literary and poetic contributions to the transformation of poetic styles .The paper highlights the magazine's efforts in drawing interest to innovative attempts in modern Arabic literature in both poetry and prose. It illustrates this new style in poetic structure and prosody in a poem written by Khalil Muṭrān, and in a prosaic text by May Ziadeh with a poetic style. In addition, the paper would also highlight the magazine's interest in translating modern European literature. This illustrates to what extent the magazine had contributed to changing the literary taste at the beginning of the twentieth century by providing a literary horizon that allowed for renewal attempts in later stages, as happened with the al-Diwan and Apollo poetry schools and what came after them . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific paper attempted to identify the concept of mindful Parenting, the theoretical models that explain it, its measurement, and the identification of future directions for its study, especially in Arabic studies. And the paper pointed out that mindful Parenting is employing mindfulness in the field of parenting, which is a typical extension of mindfulness from the personality trait to interpersonal relationships, and there are many explanatory models all, and the majority of them are unanimously agreed that they include the personal process (fathers and mothers), and the interpersonal process (interactions between parents- sons), and its measurement goes in almost one direction depending on the test of the parents’ report, with the scarcity of measures that depend on the test of the sons’ report. There is an urgent and necessary need for continuous research in this field, especially in Arabic studies. The scientific paper attempted to identify the concept of mindful Parenting, the theoretical models that explain it, its measurement, and the identification of future directions for its study, especially in Arabic studies. And the paper pointed out that mindful Parenting is employing mindfulness in the field of parenting, which is a typical extension of mindfulness from the personality trait to interpersonal relationships, and there are many explanatory models all, and the majority of them are unanimously agreed that they include the personal process (fathers and mothers), and the interpersonal process (interactions between parents- sons), and its measurement goes in almost one direction depending on the test of the parents’ report, with the scarcity of measures that depend on the test of the sons’ report. There is an urgent and necessary need for continuous research in this field, especially in Arabic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the philosophical dialectics of the American philosopher Ayn Rand and the Egyptian thinker Abdul Wahab al-Massiri of one of the media philosophical styles being one of the professional and ethical principles namely Rand "Objectivity", "photographic, informatic, passive and mimical", (as described by the Messiri) in contrast to the objectivity of Al Messiri, which is called the "operative or Explanatory objectivity" in view of recognizing the components and advantages of each of these two objectivities and the vision of each thinker. This paper also seeks to discover the role of each objectivity in restructuring everyday life in the media and extent of relevance by applying the criteria of each on certain live examples in the TV news casts. upon applying this critical comparison on some forms of news casts, it was concluded that both photographic objectivity and operative objectivity are invalid for the media work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic education, from a holistic point of view, is more than just the direct transmission of the pure Islamic sciences. It encompasses other branches of specialisation and ideally accompanies Muslims, through reflections of the Islamic worldview, during their formal and informal formation. This paper reflects how, in the contemporary tertiary education in the Islamic world, commodified concepts stemming from a non-Islamic worldview are being proliferated, and what the expected results are for Muslim students. The paper expounds on differences in worldview and educational systems and the commodification of ideas. It gives examples from business school curricula, psychology and the impact of teaching in a foreign language, to summarise (un)intended consequences on the students’ educational developments. It also shows how the agency of the theory of Maqāṣid, the higher objectives of Islamic law, has immersed Islamic thought in reaction to the bias in the educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at answering five main questions highly related to Kolb’s experiential learning theory and its applications on schools. To answer these questions, the researcher applied an analytical descriptive method of research that depends on studying the real situation as it is and describes it with some details, and presents it in a qualitative way, in order to achieve some conclusions related to the developing of the existing situation. The researcher also reviewed many English resources such as valuable books and research papers that highly related to the Kolb’s experiential learning theory. The researcher finally concluded that the experiential learning theory model has two trends related to the matter of understanding the experience itself. They were concrete experience and abstract conceptualization, in addition to two philosophical trends such as reflective observation and active experimentation. According to the relationship between learning styles and Kolb’s experiential learning theory, there were four real types of learning: Divergent learning, convergent learning, assimilation learning and accommodation learning. Also there were five factors influencing learning styles such as personality types, early educational specialization, professional career, current job role and adaptive competencies. Later on, new more trends in experiential learning theory have been appeared like: The northerner learning, the southerners learning, the easterner learning, the westerners learning and the balanced learning. This paper also dealt with the necessary steps for applying experiential learning in schools such as act, reflect and apply. The researcher recommended that teachers’ trainers, curriculum developers should get a real benefit from the valuable information presented in this paper, and a field study should be conducted about the effect of three types of learning, on students’ achievement and creative thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an in-depth view of the contribution of German researchers in the field of information and communication science on one of the main professional and ethical principles the "objectivity". German researchers have laid down specific pillars of what they call "professional objectivity" such as: relevance to reality and integrity to be the basis on which rest the criteria of objectivity of correctness, completeness, accuracy, importance, neutrality, balance and independence. The Germans have developed ways to test each of these concepts to measure the compliance of the communicator with these professional and ethical principles. This paper adds certain empirical testing methods that German researchers have not previously addressed to develop the normative pillars of professional objectivity to make them more effective. This paper also provides live examples from the real Arab media on most of these criteria to make it even clearer to the Arab researcher in the field of media and communication science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper, entitled ( The Placed Time in Hizebr Mahmoud's Poetry ) attempts to find out the overlapping between the elements of time and place in the poetic texts, as two essential elements that are indispensable in each literary work. Hence, the study tackles the poetic texts that involve the placed time, i.e. the time which is overwhelmed and landed by the place. Then, the study explained and analyzed each text conspicuously, so that it becomes obvious to the reader how time becomes a place, utilizing the metaphor that is capable to make the different textual elements ( time, place and characters ) mutual in their roles in an exciting literary way that influences the reader, interested him, and get his attention . The present paper, entitled ( The Placed Time in Hizebr Mahmoud's Poetry ) attempts to find out the overlapping between the elements of time and place in the poetic texts, as two essential elements that are indispensable in each literary work. Hence, the study tackles the poetic texts that involve the placed time, i.e. the time which is overwhelmed and landed by the place. Then, the study explained and analyzed each text conspicuously, so that it becomes obvious to the reader how time becomes a place, utilizing the metaphor that is capable to make the different textual elements ( time, place and characters ) mutual in their roles in an exciting literary way that influences the reader, interested him, and get his attention . The relationship between time and place is an existential one. It is not possible to imagine a life without them combined, as they are the two correlative elements of existence, and one cannot be separated from the other. This research aims to monitor temporal terms whose significance has expanded to characterize the attributes of a place. So the texts could make what is (( history ))a place on one hand and could make the word (( yesterday )) as a place on the other hand. Moreover, it could derive ((the era )) as a place too, and the rest of the times that became places including events and characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exception of Ḥāzim al-Qarṭājanni, no scholar was able to interpret the form of the Arabic poetic verse (al-Bait) which consists of two symmetrical parts (al-Ṣadr wal-‘Ajuz). Based on the Aristotle’s idea of imitation, Al-Qarṭājanni explained al-Bait as an imitating mental image of the Arab tent. Though this is brilliant, it is still an inadequate interpretation. This paper attempts to introduce a new explanation by combining the phenomenological method with Neuroaesthetics via adapting some of its results to focus on the creative process itself. The paper, through theoretical and applied analyzes, reached a main conclusion that the form of Arabic verse is an allegorical image of the poetic consciousness which produced it, and an outcome of its metaphorical thinking represented by the interrelating of the function of the left hemisphere of the brain (thinking) and the function of the right hemisphere (imagination), which correspond to alṢadr wal-‘Ajuz respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to shed light on the issue of digital transformation, which has become a reality in large part consistent with the movement of change and the knowledge, information and digital revolution that the world is witnessing, and the great overlap that this transformation represents in all aspects and levels of interaction, whether political, social, economic, or educational. Or intellectual and ideological ... etc., and the extent of the impact of this digital transformation on human life in general, and on education, which is the direct method for societies to achieve the qualitative preparation of their members in a context of educational security, which is the guarantee for the proper formation of individuals and their formation on values that drive presence and positive interaction Based on clear criteria in this context. The paper revealed the problems of digital transformation and its dangerous effects on educational security in its various dimensions, and it tries to establish a framework around which one can think to get out of this serious problem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This researching Paper aimed to show the roles of school organizational ingenuity - as a mediating variable - between inspirational thinking and its modern necessity in crisis management in educational institutions . Thus, the most important distinguishing features between the philosophy of inspirational thinking and the other types of thinking were discussed, namely : intuitive (natural) thinking - emotional thinking - logical thinking - mathematical thinking - critical thinking, or reflective thinking - scientific thinking, or systematically organized thinking, Creative thinking - evaluative thinking - deductive thinking and inductive thinking . This researching Paper clarified – also - the dimensions of organizational ingenuity, and the extent of its need for dynamic capabilities that enable it to move from a situation of prevention to a situation of movement towards this status, and implementation by focusing on current activities in all fields in educational institutions . This researching Paper has concluded by identifying the most important roles hoped for inspiring thinking, and through organizational ingenuity towards managing educational crises through the following creative steps : * - Foreseeing the future in managing educational crises . * - Awareness and ability of Adaptation during the management of educational crises . * -Learning through self-correction during the management of educational crises * - Finding alternatives and solutions to facing the educational crises . This researching Paper presented also a proposal to think about a new dates for the appropriate time map for the new academic year, so that it begins at the beginning of April and ends in December of each academic year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines one of the indices of the methodical imbalance that prevails in modern intellectual research- the appearance of “inadvertent cultural import”. This “cultural import” aims to bring in cultural products from other civilizations, not because there is a need to acquire them, rather, because these products have achieved success in a different cultural context. There was a need to import these products under the pretext of that success, even if they are not needed, and their existence would increase the problems. This paper examines the attempt to employ the approach of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza in the Islamic context, as one of the most prominent examples of inadvertent cultural import. Spinoza has become a primary reference for some of the so-called Arab modernists in the philosophical approaches to religious topics in general, and the relationship between religion and politics in particular. This is attributed to Spinoza’s spiritual patriarchy of the idea of separating religion from the state, and that he was the first to create an integrated philosophical theorem to the idea of separating religion from politics. In this paper, Spinoza’s approach to the religious issue is analyzed, in addition to assessing his approach in a critical manner. Moreover, Spinoza’s approach in the Islamic context is applied, both the religious text itself and secondary approaches, specifically the approach of religion and the state. The paper is divided in five section: 1. Spinoza’s view of religion, 2. Spinoza’s characteristics of the religious text, 3. Spinoza’s rules for interpreting religious texts, 4. Criticism of applying Spinoza’s rules in interpretation, and 5. Criticism of applying Spinoza’s method in the Islamic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to identify the role of marketing intelligence in achieving competitive advantage for banking institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by applying to Albilad Bank, and to know the extent of the impact of marketing intelligence on achieving competitive advantage, specifically any of the dimensions of marketing intelligence that most affect the competitive advantage, as well as a statement of proposals to enhance the role of Marketing intelligence in achieving competitive advantage in banking institution. The paper depends on the descriptive analytical approach to clarify its objectives and test its statistical hypotheses, as this approach helps to study the reality and diagnose the phenomenon under study, express it and describe it accurately. Saudi Arabia, and the target sample size was determined as 96 items, the questionnaire link was distributed and the responses valid for analysis reached 51 items, i.e., 74% of the target. The paper found that there is a role and a positive impact of marketing intelligence on achieving competitive advantage, and it has been determined which of the dimensions of marketing intelligence most influential on achieving competitive advantage in the institutions of interest. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the respondents' responses about both marketing intelligence and competitive advantage due to some demographic variables. The study also reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is to achieve a competitive advantage in banking institutions, extensive marketing intelligence must be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

his study aimed at knowing the degree to which the Islamic Education teachers use the alternative assessment strategies in the secondary schools in Sana’a. It also aimed at identifying the statistical differences of the degree of use according to the variables of gender, qualification, school and experience. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire that consists of (52) items divided into six categories. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (200) male and female teachers working in public and private secondary schools in Sana’a during the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020. The results of the study showed that the degree of use of alternative assessment strategies by the sample of the study was moderate. Furthermore, the most frequently used strategy was the paper-and-pencil and the least used one was the self-review. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the sample according to the variables of gender, qualification and experience. However, in the school type, the only difference was in the dimension of assessment strategy which was in favor of the teachers of private schools. On the other hand, the results showed statistical differences in the dimension of paper-and-pencil assessment in favor of the public schools teachers. The study ends with some recommendations such as training teachers how to use the alternative assessment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report results from the discussions of papers submitted by many researchers and experts from seven Arab countries. The discussions of participants also were inserted in this paper. The symposium was held by the Middle East Studies Center (MESC) in Jordan at its annual symposium in 2021. Twenty-three researchers, academics, and strategic experts from Jordan, Palestine, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Iraq, and Lebanon submitted their papers in front of distinguished participants and guests from different fields to discuss the Arab strategy in dealing with the Arab-Israeli conflict. The report aims to study the opportunities, tools, and strategies to achieve the Arab and Palestinians' struggle goals. The symposium also aims to develop a strategic vision with specific features for the current decade (2021-2030) in confronting Israel and its expansion project, ending the occupation, and implementing refugees' return in the short and medium term. The outcomes would serve the Arab and Palestinian decision-making process regarding the conflict, which suffers from a vision absence. The symposium discussion for the last decade of the conflict provided an accurate and deeper understanding of the obstacles hider strategic conclusions of the conflict. It also highlighted the needed strategic components in managing the conflict with Israel. The symposium found out that the Palestinian resistance in Gaza Strip created an advanced situation in thwarting and defeating the Israeli army in four battles since 2008. Furthermore, the "Sword of Jerusalem" battle in May 2021 has significantly impacted the direction of many politicians and experts to reconsider the course of the conflict, the halted peace process, and the current controversial relationship with Israel. The symposium was organized in eight sessions. Each session discussed one ax, including Arab strategies and tools in conflict management and its consequences during the period 2011-2021, Palestinian strategies and tools, the opportunities and transformations imposed by the Palestinian-Israeli confrontations 2008-2021, the role of thought and ideology in conflict management, the vision and potential prospects for conflict trends and tools at the Palestinian, Arab and international levels during the period 2021-2030, and the features of a new Arab strategic vision to deal with the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Israeli expansion project in the region. The report concluded with the main findings of the symposium and proposed a project for the new Arab strategy. The most important is the vision, objectives, means, and potential until 2030. Finally, 15 Arab researchers and experts reviewed the resulting vision draft from the participants. The strategic vision was to confront, contain and limit the Israeli aggression and its expansion project. The new strategy aims to reduce Israeli risks to the Palestinian cause, Arab national security, and the nation's higher interests in the short and medium-term by developing a new workable Arab strategy governed by precise objectives. It also concluded that the Arabs officially hold their responsibilities towards supporting the resilience of the Palestinian people and creating the necessary environment for an advanced situation to form a unified Palestinian National Front. The ground gains should support such a front during the recent battle named the "Jerusalem Sword" 2021. Therefore, it is essential to revive and redefine the Palestinian national project based on the national program and Palestinian priorities. Moreover, Arab countries, political forces, Palestinian factions, Arab research centers, and Arab civil society institutions were encouraged to adopt the symposium strategy. Research and studies centers also have to take on their duty to bridge the gap between the cultural and intellectual dialogue of the elite and the decision-makers choices to make any proposed strategy a reality and public opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study criticizes the general framework that has governed the broader current of the researchers in civil-military relations, their method of thinking about the military institution since the inception of the field, the paper presents the theoretical and practical gaps in that literature, in particular the researchers of "Coup-Proofing". The study shows the weakness of the explanatory capabilities of the field in extrapolating and analyzing the historical era that the research seeks to reveal its theoretical and historical ambiguities, which is the phase of political pluralism in Syria between 1954-1958, which the researchers viewed as a democratic phase. The paper examines why did the army step down from the presidency and allowed civil forces to engage in political action at the time, in spite of that phase is in the midst of two series of coups. The paper is based on a basic premise that the army as a military institution do represent wings, sectors, units, brigades, and power relations, before it is an expression of any other social segments, which is in contrast to what the literature says in examining the sociological backgrounds of the officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at studying the most widespread social networks among people and the extent to which it can be used to inform the beneficiaries of the existence of services that can be used in providing office service including the current awareness service at the Central Public Library in Basra. This paper also tries to find out which of these applications are used in the library and how to interact with the beneficiary as well as the user of these applications with mentioning the most important types of these applications. The study also aims at finding out the advantages and disadvantages of these applications and the role they play in library services. This paper adopted a descriptive approach, a case study, trying to collect the necessary data via the interview and questionnaire tools, analyzing these data and arriving at the most important findings and recommendations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varied repositories of international literature attend to Juha’s anecdotes as an aspect of collective memory and as national symbols appropriated by their cultures. The reality-mocking humorous situations and philosophical distinctiveness of the anecdotes permeated the fabric of popular culture. The stories were also incorporated into varied rhetorical forms such as novels, children’s fiction, cartoons, proverbs, and folk tales. This study accords due recognition to the importance and stability of this figure in the popular culture of Arabs and Turks, adopting Juha as a subject for study, analysis, and comparison in Arabic and Turkish literature. It comparatively investigates the literary figure of Juha in Arabic literature as a central character of the Arab and Turkish cultures. From the comparative perspective, this literary study encompasses Juha’s presence as an effective and influential character in the Arab and Turkish works of literature. It probes the circulation of anecdotes related to Juha in the literary, cultural, and social contexts of Arabs and Turks, and examines the growing employment of Juha tales in multiple literary genres. Despite the historical precedence of the Arab Juha, Nasr al-Din Khoja al-Turki’s features distinguished him from the Arab Juha in aspects including the themes of anecdotes, the places of their occurrence, the personalities who contributed to the event, and the formulation and presentation of the overall vision. The paper is arranged in three sections. Initially, it introduces the characters of Juha Al-Arabi and Nasr Al-Din Khoja Al-Turki and references Arab and Turkish sources to outline their histories. Second, it delves into the structure of anecdotes: the characters, their natures, the roles they discharge in the narrative exposition, and how they interact with events as protagonists producing linguistic signs and ideas. The paradox is familiar. This section of the paper also focuses on the locational structure of the anecdotes, the aesthetics of the place, and how it functions to advance events. The element of time is also analyzed, demonstrating the temporal aspects of the development of events and the representation of the historical stages at which the anecdotes occurred. The third section presents the similarities and differences between the Arab and Turkish anecdotes and the ways in which the accounts are represented in Arabic and Turkish literature. Finally, the paper concludes by iterating the study’s most significant results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The documentation and display of historical events by (GIS) is a relatively new trend. Prophet Muhammad’s biography is among the most important historical events. For this reason, the paper presents a proposal to construct Prophet Muhammad's a digital historical geodatabase, where the events are displayed digitally. In doing so, we take advantage of the capabilities offered by GIS programs, which are not found in traditional methods. Such as, the correlation between event and the location where it occurred. It was revealed in this study that the events of Prophet Muhammad's biography are compound in nature containing a main event, subordinate event and detailed event. All of which need to be taken into consideration when developing the database. In addition, many locations are linked to Islamic rituals; requiring accuracy. The research also presented data characteristics in a GIS environment. Along with the methods for converting historical information into layers and digital data. The paper presented a design of a digital historical geodatabase in seven stages and called “PHGIS”. The research concluded that building a historical geodatabase using GIS is the ideal practice. Due to (GIS) capabilities of display, analysis, query (SQL) spatially and for attribute data allowing a deeper understanding of the Prophet's biography. Combined with distance and time measurement tools, view angles, and digital elevation models all of which enable simulations of historical events such as the Battle of Uhud. Through the database, all historical events are linked to their coordinate, and their old names with the current ones, which keeps correct identification of all locations for researchers in the present and future time. The study recommended adopting the proposed PHGIS in documenting and displaying the Prophet's biography. The PHGIS should be inclusive of all spatial aspects of the biography (religious, social, military, and civilizational…); which were overlooked in traditional historical atlases. The proposed PHGIS could form a basis for researchers and people of interest in the Prophet's biography to get a deeper level of analysis for some events that caused disagreement among historians. In addition, said geodatabase can be developed into an interactive multilingual online map to introduce the Prophet's biography to the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The religion Islam is comprehensive and deals in various spheres of life including worship, and individual and communal affairs. The essential peculiarity of this religion is to make beneficiary to each stakeholder and avoid exploitation, especially in economic affairs. 'Trade' is the fundamental component of social life for which each and every Mohaddis and Juriprudent has substantiated this issue in the concerned literature. The present research papers deal with two main components: Inequality or abrogation of matters (fasad) that is created in trade; what are the principles and views for which that particular matter is abrogated. What is the status of those improper agreements and the proposed impacts in life? Keeping in view both these points a neutral doctrine will be established that will be easy to be implemented. This research deals with the dishonesty of agreements, and their consequences though this agreement is not accomplished. Unapproved possessions in business dealings, the right of selling, and the condition of abrogation of selling agreements. The present research paper deals with various components that contaminate business matters and presents research analysis by presenting various quotes from jurisprudents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endowment is one of the acts of righteousness and goodness that plays a pivotal role in achieving interdependence and solidarity among Muslims, which made it the third economic sector after the government and private sector. Due to the importance of the endowment, this research paper was conducted. and the research consists of two topics. In the first topic, the female researcher began by mentioning the meaning of measures and prescription, and explaining the reasons and manifestations that lead to the endowment's depreciation or extinction. Hence, its benefit is invalidated; and to find ways and measures to treat this scourge in a serious attempt to renew it and return it to its role in comprehensive development. The research also aimed at how to develop the endowment (Waqf) management and upgrade it to serve the needs of the creators of endowment and beneficiaries of endowment. In the second topic, she investigated sustainable development and its role in achieving the development of the endowment and its contribution to achieving the comprehensive development of the state, and mentioned some contemporary models and methods that achieved success in developing and preserving the endowment. The study concluded that the endowment (Waqf) funds can be developed in a sustainable manner and in modern innovative ways, and benefit from modern and innovative application models after studying them. To avoid mistakes and ensure that they are not exposed to risks. It also concluded that we can benefit from bank stocks and instruments as modern financing tools, create new financing sources, and not neglect the role of endowment management and take it into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Department of Fundamentals of Jurisprudence - College of Sharia and Fundamentals of Religion - King Khalid University All the praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of the Alamin, and peace and blessings be upon the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, having said all that:This research is entitled " Fundamentalist issues in Ayyats that is said " And complete the Hajj and 'umrah for Allah" Its importance comes from relation to the source of evidence and legislation, the origin of the assets is the book of God Almighty, and related to the science governing the understanding of texts, which is the science of jurisprudenceK. This paper consists of four sections. The first section includes fundamental issues in Sharia laws, in which four issues were discussed, including the obligatory statement of a commandment, and the voluntary statement of a commandment whenever it contains a clue. The second section elaborated on the issues of fundamentals related to the evidence of legislative rules, in which two issues were discussed: the Sunnah being overwritten by the Quran and the Quranic verses visa-vis the legislative canons of people of old. The third section covers a number of fundamental issues pertaining connotations that include the following discussions: if the commandment of completion connotes commencement, and vice versa; a number of fundamental connotations in the Quranic verse of the general common; the common and the specific; the connotations of associations and entailments; the conjunction “and” in a Quranic verse. The fourth section addresses the contradiction of some denotations of expressions, such as the contradiction between the real and the metaphoric; the metaphoric and specific; and using a Quranic verse to balance between the connotations of two apparently contradictory hadiths. In this research, I tried to devise the fundamental issues related to this part of the Ayyah. based on the words of fundamentalists, jurists and interpreters, and the most important results: The study of fundamentalist issues through the legal texts and highlighting the applied side in them an investigation of the existence of rules in the texts, and a statement of how to take rulings from them, and directing the science of the origins of jurisprudence from the realm of endoscopy to the realm of realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiplicity of activities inside the new Sonbol Mosque in the city of Assiut, including prayers, lessons, and worship, listening to sermons and celebrations of holidays, and all these activities have their own vocal demands. The research paper deals with the study of the acoustics of the new Sonbol Mosque in Assiut city and its acoustic defects. To determine these acoustic problems, the mosque’s shape and size were studied to know the sound behavior inside it, as well as the finishing materials and their effect on sound absorption and its actual and optimal recurrence time and calculating this mathematically using mathematical equations. It has been based on theoretical backgrounds, research and studies that are interested in this aspect. It was also relied on field visits and surveying of the mosque, and monitoring of internal and external noise values affecting it using a loudspeaker (S.L.M) (**). To draw conclusions about the mosque and come up with special recommendations to address this problem, the most important of which were: Re designing the speaker system in the mosque and distributing speakers on the ceiling as much as possible to distribute sound in an orderly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technologies are the cornerstone of many applications circulating nowadays, in particular the study of satellite data and ground cover, consisting of topographic or threedimensional analysis of the surface of Misan Governorate 2022. The digital representation (DEM digital elevation model) gives a significant role in preparing the basic and required information that is used in GIS data, accordingly the topographic mapping of a series of cells and each cell has a known height through which topographic variations of the areas of study can be calculated. The research relied on the method of temporal-spatial analysis, remote sensing software, and geographic information systems. The paper concluded a number of results, including the extraction of contour lines for Misan Governorate in 2D dimensions, as well as the extraction of the digital elevation model in the form of 3D of the topographic surface of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper dealt with the study of the issue of methods of appeal against arbitration decisions - models of Arab legislation. It is known that arbitration decisions may be objected to through appeal, but there is a discrepancy in the Arab arbitration legislation regarding the methods of appeal between the appeal of invalidity and the appeal without invalidity. Therefore, the study aimed to identify ways to challenge arbitration decisions, with an explanation of the opinion of some Arab arbitration legislation in this regard. The study followed the analytical approach in order to extrapolate the legal texts to show that discrepancy. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: The methods of objection and appeal against arbitration decisions in the legislation under study are multiple. The objection may be submitted by third parties to the court originally competent to hear the dispute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to settle an old debate which has not yet been resolved, between rational scientific culture based on logic and an objective process that is relatively selfless on the one hand, and a faith-oriented religious culture on the other hand, and how both views impact historiography as a methodological science. Accordingly, history throughout the Islamic era has remained a fixed and traditional process, which adopts the approaches and methods of early predecessors and scholars in term of evaluating and critiquing narratives to verify the authenticity of prophetic hadiths, in the context of broader and more general contexts, which believed that history in itself is a product of a divine creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]