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This research paper discussed the historical overviews of Prose Poetry in Oman, also deals with Issa’s poetic experience, specifically his two recent poetry collections “Strangers as We Came”, and “Blue Lightning in a Distant Sky”. This article aims to highlight the Omani poetic experience in the prose poem. It also points toward addressing the experience of one of the most important early pioneers of the prose poem in Oman; “Sama Issa”. He is the poet Samaa Issa as a representative of the experience of Omani poets and one of the founders since more than 40 years ago. He is also considered one of the most prominent contemporary poets who represent the prose poets in Oman. Current paper covered several topics: An introduction to the Omani prose poem, and Sama Issa as an example of the prose poem in Oman and one of its early pioneers. It also discussed; Reading in the Sama Issa’s collection “Strangers as We Came”, which includes: (The cover and Title, the poetic self, and cultural intertextuality). In addition to a reading in his second collection “Blue Lightning in a Distant Sky”, which includes: (A return to the self, Place and Memory, Poetic Ambiguity, Inspiration from the Words of Ancient Omani culture, and the structure of the poem in the sky of Issa). The paper includes a written testimony by the poet Sama Issa, in which he talks about his poetic experience. The study concluded that the poetic experience of the prose poem in Oman extended and developed through the pioneer poets, as well as the poets of the new generation, on both the quantitative and artistic levels. The study also highlighted an aspect of Sama Issa’s poetry as a model for the Omani prose poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed the main concepts of Islāmic thought for leadership in the light of the poetry of famous Islāmic poet and philosopher, Allāmā Muḥammad Iqbāl. There are uncountable important qualities for the leader of every nation, particularly the leader of Muslim society. He focused on the youth leadership to bring them a bright future, because they have a key place for revolution in society. He also illustrated the real Islamic society in light of Qurānic teachings. Accordingly, this paper is divided into three sections, after the short preface. In the first section, there is a discussion about the life of the poet. In the second section, the researcher has explained some basic principles for leadership and guidance qualities in the light of the poetry of Allāmā Muḥammad Iqbāl. Allāmā Iqbāl is well known for writing poetry in Urdu and Persian language. His stanzas of poetry in this research were translated into Arabic with a short explanation and argumentation. In the end, the researcher brought the results and fruitful suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to uncover the impact of Al-Zuhūr Magazine - which was issued in the second decade of the twentieth century in Egypt - on the Arab literary renaissance. It sheds light on the magazine special attention to literature, which distinguished it from most of the magazines that appeared at that time. The paper also attempts to reveal its role in the renaissance, as well as its prominent literary and poetic contributions to the transformation of poetic styles .The paper highlights the magazine's efforts in drawing interest to innovative attempts in modern Arabic literature in both poetry and prose. It illustrates this new style in poetic structure and prosody in a poem written by Khalil Muṭrān, and in a prosaic text by May Ziadeh with a poetic style. In addition, the paper would also highlight the magazine's interest in translating modern European literature. This illustrates to what extent the magazine had contributed to changing the literary taste at the beginning of the twentieth century by providing a literary horizon that allowed for renewal attempts in later stages, as happened with the al-Diwan and Apollo poetry schools and what came after them . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper, entitled ( The Placed Time in Hizebr Mahmoud's Poetry ) attempts to find out the overlapping between the elements of time and place in the poetic texts, as two essential elements that are indispensable in each literary work. Hence, the study tackles the poetic texts that involve the placed time, i.e. the time which is overwhelmed and landed by the place. Then, the study explained and analyzed each text conspicuously, so that it becomes obvious to the reader how time becomes a place, utilizing the metaphor that is capable to make the different textual elements ( time, place and characters ) mutual in their roles in an exciting literary way that influences the reader, interested him, and get his attention . The present paper, entitled ( The Placed Time in Hizebr Mahmoud's Poetry ) attempts to find out the overlapping between the elements of time and place in the poetic texts, as two essential elements that are indispensable in each literary work. Hence, the study tackles the poetic texts that involve the placed time, i.e. the time which is overwhelmed and landed by the place. Then, the study explained and analyzed each text conspicuously, so that it becomes obvious to the reader how time becomes a place, utilizing the metaphor that is capable to make the different textual elements ( time, place and characters ) mutual in their roles in an exciting literary way that influences the reader, interested him, and get his attention . The relationship between time and place is an existential one. It is not possible to imagine a life without them combined, as they are the two correlative elements of existence, and one cannot be separated from the other. This research aims to monitor temporal terms whose significance has expanded to characterize the attributes of a place. So the texts could make what is (( history ))a place on one hand and could make the word (( yesterday )) as a place on the other hand. Moreover, it could derive ((the era )) as a place too, and the rest of the times that became places including events and characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial setting is significant in poetic text, for it constitutes an obvious semantic epicentre. This paper attempts to trace the spatial setting in the poetry of Habib Al Zyoudi, under its actual nomenclature, in order to get through to its symbolic and aesthetic characteristics within the personal experience of the poet. This has also led to abundance of such characteristics in his poetry, particularly in the Jordanian and Palestinian settings, thus leading to a phenomenon worthy of study and research. This would be to explore the impact of this element in the structure of poetry of Habib, whether semantically or aesthetically. The research has followed the descriptive analytical approach and concluded that the setting of place in Habib Al Zyoudi poetry is eminent. This setting (place) phenomenon occurs through description in some instances and as a tool or artistic medium in others. Thus, looking into such phenomenon is imperative in order to reveal his perception and creative capabilities. This is what the paper aims to explore in theory and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper deals with the Qur’anic intertextuality in the poetry of the Khawarkhs, as it represents a remarkable phenomenon in their poetry that cannot be missed by the eye. The aim of the paper is to explore the manifestations of this type of intertextuality in the poetry of this unruly religious sect. The research has been conducted according to the requirements of its procedural plan that consists of two axes. The first is theoretical that it stops at the concept of intertextuality in terms of linguistic and idiomatic intertextuality. The paper also tackles the importance of Holy Qur’an and its employment in poetic texts, in particular, and literary texts, in general. As for the second axis, that represents the authenticity of the study, the paper is purely empirical, in which the Qur’anic intertextuality has been clarified in the poetry of the Kharijites through four forms of intertextuality, represented in: quotational intertextuality, intertextuality of reference, indicative intertextuality, and the stylistic intertextuality. The paper has followed the analytical and empirical methodology; one of its most important procedural instruments is the adaption of the modern critical methods and their brilliant conquests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the textual cohesive devices in the old Arabic poem entitled ‘jafā widduhū’ by the Abbasid poet Basyār bin Burd. This would be done from the perspective of text linguistics. It aims to uncover the extent of organic unity in the text as an example of the old Arabic poetry. The study uses textual method and focuses on three salient aspects of the poem namely: reference, repetition, and conjunction. The study begins with reference as it is the most stand out feature in the text and a grammatical cohesive feature. Three of its categories were explained in the poem: personal, comparative, and implicative references. Subsequently, repetition will be discussed as a lexical reference and four of its categories will be elaborated namely: total, partial, synonymous, and semi synonymous repetitions. Conjunction is also a part of lexical cohesive device and four of its relations are evident in the poem: conjunctive relation, the relation between the whole and part, the relation between the parts, and the relation between the elements of a general category. It is evident in the end that the textual cohesive devices are deployed in the poem and they are overlapping in many instances thus proving the organic unity of the poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persuasive speech is regarded as a part of Al-Hhijjaj . Al-Hijjaj is associated with persuation as the association of the text with its function . we found in Ibn Abd Rabba poetry many persuasive styles especially in flirtation poetry . the poet used many rhetorical styles which he uses to convince the addressees in his flirtation . In this paper the terms persuation and flirtation have been defined linguishcally and as terminology the paper also showed the terms relevant to flirtation such as ( Al-Tashbeeb and Al-Naseeb ). It also clarified the types of addressees in Ibn Abid Rabba like Al-Mahbooba ( the beloved ), these who blamed him his love ( Al-Uthaal ), and companions . each of them has special methods in persuasive speech according to the poet desire . And we came out that the most interest of Ibn Abed Rabuh was to persuade the beloved and humiliating her to gain her affection with various persuasive methods, and he did not mention mentioning the idol, the lords, and the companions except in a few of them, making use of different persuasive methods from the use of the selected words for his purpose, the various rhetorical arts, expressive images, and poetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The science of verse-counting is concerned with the exterior format of Quran and defines the positions where verses end. Most of these positions are agreed upon but there are disagreements. These are attributed to the Prophet Companions and ultimately to the Prophet himself, peace and mercy be upon him. Several books addressed this topic as of the first century AH, whether independently or part of Qiraat books. Later, poems were composed; both define disagreements on verse endings. In the recent era, Abd al-Fattah al-Qadi composed a poem on verse-counting entitled “al-Faraʼid al-hisan on counting the verses of Quran”. He composed it based on references listed in his commentary. Most universities use this poem in their curricula. This paper shows the inconsistencies of this poem in comparison with books of early authors on verse-counting. It assesses the poem based on its specific references, and then based on the general early writings in this field. The paper is a critical comparative examination of this poem. The paper concludes with recommending an alternative poem to be used in academic curricula: one titled “dhat al- Rashad” by Imam “Shu’lah al-Mosuli” (d. 656 AH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to identify the reality of free reading in the light of modern technological developments from the point of view of Al Isra University students in Jordan. The study population consisted of (117) students from Al Isra University. The researchers constructed a questionnaire included three domains: The source of free reading, its kind, and its aim. The results of the study revealed that the students of the University of Isra, practicing free reading through the use of modern technology in the three domains at high levels; according to the source of technological reading students used Google browser, WhatsApp, and face book at high level. And the main source for free reading was electronic publications at high level, compared with paper publications. In the domain of free reading kind, the result indicated that the documentations processes in the various paper publications were higher than electronic populations. The results of domain free reading were as follow; social, economic, religious, and political domains and they were at high slandered while the scientific domains were at average level. IN the literary of arts, the results were at high level and different means, the stories came first than non-methodological, poetry, articles, novels. In the domain of free reading the results indicated the aim of the university students from free reading is learning and gaining information of avery high level, while the other aims came at high level and with different means. The Results of the study revealed that there were no statically significant differences at the level of (α=0.05) between the means averages on free reading paragraphs as a whole, and three domains due to the variables: Gender, College, and Academic year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper is devoted to create the term of ‘Creeping of Al-Khabab’ for describing one of the prosodic changes that come on the rhythm of Al-Mutadarak’s metre, as a term and concept. As the previous and contemporary views of those who interested in prosody did not provide an accurate view of its description, free from the anomaly of the prosodic rules that described by Al-Khalil bin Ahmad Al-Farahidi in regulating the work of creeping in the measures of the Arabic poetry meters, Therefore, this research paper provides a new dissertation for removing the ambiguity and anomaly described by the rhythm of this poetic meter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has tackled an art of poetizing of Persians which is called "Al Musamat" as one of arts quoted from Arabs. The importance of this paper represented by the Persian arts of poetizing that resulted from the impact of the Arabic poem on the Persians. The study mentioned the meaning of "Al Musamat" as a language and idiom, in which it was known by Arabs as art of Poem. Thereafter, the study explained the types of "the Persian Al Musamat" where there are three types, then the study mentioned the most famous of "Al Musamat", namely; Munochehry Al Damghani, Prince Muaazi, Sanaye Al Ghaznwey. However, Munochehry considered one of the poets of the fifth century (A.H), he was the first poet who used this type of poetizing in the Persian poem. Furthermore, his poem characterized by the clarity of impact of Arabic poem, in that, it shows its effect on the Persian poem. Finally, the study concluded the most important conclusions, and resources and references used for this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amatory is a well-known theme of Arabic poetry in which woman is depicted as an exemplar of sensual perfection. In this paper I investigate texts which contradict amatory in classical Arabic poetry up to the end of the 3rd hijri century. I focus on those which satirize a given woman, and exclude the texts in which the gender of women as a whole is satirized. I hypothesize that the main motivation for this type of poetry is what I call: "the Anxiety of the champion poets". I analyze its multiple physiological stimulus in an attempt to understand the justification of the unexpected satire of women who is usually either spoken about in love or guarded but not satirized! I then analyze the satirical motifs to assess their semantics and whether they contradict amatory and panegyric and whether they correspond to satire of men or not. I aim also to situate this type of poetry with the Arabic poetry generally and to assess whether it amounts to a phenomenon. I use several critical methods in this paper including: physiological, thematic and cultural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mosque occupies central position in muslim society regarding development of ethics and morality. Mosques are source of identification for the Muslims. Mosques have been used as worship pleces along with schooling, court and as a center of culhrral activities. The poets of Urdu language have also reflected on the topic of mosque. In this article the researcher has reviewed the poems of Jagan Nath Azad and Khawar Jelani where Jamia Masjid Dehli has mentioned specifically."Jamia Masjid ki Dehli" and "Dehli ki Jamia Masjid" are poems of Jagan Nath Azad and Khawar Jilani respectively. Both poets present two different narratives in terms of subject, style. The poem of Jagan Nath Azad is in the six lined stanza appearance and more in proximity in style with Allama Iqbla's poem "Masjide-Qartaba". According to Jagan Nath Azad, a world of thought is hidden in the each brick of Jamia Masjid of Dehli and this mosque is the custodian of all religious and social activities of Muslims. Reading Khawar Jilani's poem "Dehli ki Jamia Masjid" one feels the pages of past hrrning. In the reign of Auranzaib Alamgir, Sarmad was captured and killed here in front of the mosque. The sole thought of the poem is related with Sarmad's entity. A contrastive study has been conducted in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, we have come across a new model of writing emerged from the feminine criticism. This writing, despite being called differently, became known as feminine writing and is based on different forms and content and seeks to add a feminine identity to literature in order to remove female writers from their isolation and seeks to identify their strengths and innovations to pave the way for reaching phenomenal experiences. In this paper, by studying three poetic collections of Nariman Allush, we have tried reach a conclusion on the poet's writing style in this research. Using descriptive-analytical method, we seek to highlight the nature of women's writing and reveal the techniques of Nariman Alloush's poetic structure. In this important matter, we have gone beyond men's writing and entered the realm of women's literature, which seeks to legitimize their writing. In the course of our study, we focused on the poet's four-dimensional aspects i.e. her partiality, simplicity, and poetic decoration, and vision that don't exist in the real world and reached to the conclusion that: Nariman Allush's poetry has got a modern taste in structure and similarly she considers partiality and simplicity as the two fundamental aspects in her writing. In the meantime, by using the decor technique, she has revealed the reality of women's lives, especially their position in Eastern societies, as well as examples of misogyny for the audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to explore Michael Nuʾaima's standards of poetry criticism in his book Al-Ghurbal, and to look into the extent of influence of the combination between Eastern culture, Russian and Western cultures in shaping his reforming views in criticism. The paper touches on briefly on Michael Nuʾaima and his book Al-Ghurbāl, the general literary standards and the standards of poetry criticism. The research aims to clarify Nuʾaima’s criteria for poetry criticism through his book Al-Ghurbāl and revealing the innovations that were brought by the intellectual and literary of the west in the modern era in the standards of poetry criticism, especially since Naima is one of those familiar with Russian and Western culture. The nature of the research necessitated that I follow the descriptive and analytical approach. Among the conclusions of the research are: Nuʾaima in his concept of poetry, balanced between the structural views of the traditional scholars and the essential characteristics of poetry; poetry has a romantic function in its spiritual, humanitarian, and social dimensions. The language of immigrants and the poetics meters they used are constantly being renewed because of a continuous renewal of their thoughts and emotions. Naima call for shifting away from the foundation of Arabic poetry is a romantic revolutionary spirit, so it needs more framing and establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interrogative words are part of the grammatical and rhetorical expressions that are widely used by poets to bring out their feelings and to achieve their purposes. This paper attempts to study the interrogative meaning in the Arabic anthology entitled "Al-āthār al-shiʽriyyah li Abī Muslim al-Bahlānī" (The poetic effects of Abu Muslim al-Bahlānī) by tracing the interrogative tools in the initial five chapters of the anthology namely: religious and godly poems, prophetic praises, and patriotic poems, poems containing wisdom and advice and odes. This is to explain the purposes intended by the poet by using such tools and explaining their true pragmatic as well as figurative meaning that consist of, among others, admission, exclamation, rebuking etc. that were pointed out by the language scholars. Among the conclusions of the study are that some interrogative method are widely used while others are seldom; many of which came up in patriotic poems, odes but seldomly found in prophetic praises, wisdom and advise while in the poems concerning God and religious matters, they are moderately used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper sheds light on one of the pre. Islamic poets ; Namely be is Al Nabigha Al Thubiany in the light of deliberative methodology. The current study includes three types of indications as personal indications, spatial and time indications. The researcher relies on the poet 's voice to extract the texts which were mostly poems praise dedicated to kings, princes or to the poet himself as be brags and proud of his tribe. Some of poets signs are related to places where he remembered old things and his amorous that occupied his poem. Personal significances occupied many arts in the volume of al-Thubiany just like the addressed 's indications, speaker and the absent, while the spatial and time indications were less . The poet did not mentioned the spatial aspects, but they came in the context in contract to the time signs just like day, night and morning . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi and Sultan Bahoo were famous Sufi poets. There is a gap of four centuries between both of them. However, they share significant thematic similarities regarding the origin of universe, knowledge, and wisdom, theory of love, annihilation in spiritual guide and form / transformation of realism. Both of them emphasize on reality as well as preciousness of world in their poetry. They give priority to love over knowledge and wisdom. In their Sufism annihilation of ego is important than annihilation in spiritual guide. A contrastive study has been conducted in this paper that enables the reader to understand the value of their works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the poet Walid Saif, who lives in the memory of the Palestinian. This poet inspired by various forms of popular heritage, use it to enrich his poem and turn it into poetry to build the unity of his poem, and to face his reality. In addition, he evokes the song and the folk tale which forms original tributaries and an evidence of persistence of Palestinian heritage and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We do not seek in this paper to deconstruct poetic discourse in order to find its tiny components, nor to base ourselves on the foundations that constitute a poem or a literary text. However, we want to reach here the foundations of the definition of poetry, to reveal its role and value, and at the same time to relate to many philosophical concepts of metaphysical significance such as the concepts of truth, existence, thing, spirit and imagination. We have therefore tried to ask the following questions: What is poetry? Can it be defined? Can its forms be determined? In order to address this problem, we have decided to adopt the comparative analytical approach based on the presentation of the philosophical and historical questions that serve the stages of this research with the specific comparison of its parts. We can conclude from this study that poetry cannot be defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the use of allusion (talmih) in the Sufi literature of well-known Sufi poet of South Punjab Khawaja Ghulam Farid (1845-1901) who has written extensively in his native language Siraiki. There is a variety of themes in his poetry ranging from love of nature to love divine reality. However, the most important theme undertaken by Khawaja Ghulam Farid is recognized the ultimate reality through Sufi Medium. By explaining the foundational debates regarding Sufism, the present study explores the Sufi thought of Khawaja Ghulam Farid. A meticulous effort has been made to examine the language and epistemology of Khawaja Ghulam Farid's poetry and how he skillfully employed the allusions in a simple and sublime manner in his poetry. This study helps to understand the beauties of his language that impressed not only the masses of Seraiki speaking but also the scholars of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tends to shed light on a prominent phenomenon, that is the abundance of religious texts in the poems of Mahmoud Darwish who is often inspired by Quran, and by The Bible, in particular.We prefer to focus on the collection “(why Do You Leave The Horse Alone?),using the intertextual approach to trace the presence of religious texts in his poems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the aesthetical characteristics of the imageries in the poems of ‘Abdullah al-Tayyib as he left behind extensive volumes of anthology in addition to the articles, seminars and lectures that he delivered. The paper intends to analyse the imageries of which the conclusions, among others, would be: the imageries were spontaneous and appropriate with the context of the poems. The detailed description sometimes engaged the readers to ponder over it. Imageries also came in many forms in his poems, which are among others: simile, metaphor, tropes and implicature. His talent is apparent in the well-built poems manifested in his use of the rhetoric forms; an evidence of his true poetic nature that help him to produce an impeccable style, fluent speech and rhetorical expressions. The writers thus recommend his works for further studies to enrich the Arabic collection of quality literary works through explaining the aspects of his use of rhetorical devices to the readers; the private and governmental agencies should also come in to republish his works and include them in the curricular for their literary worthiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabic poem was able to preserve its structure for centuries since it was discovered by the critics of the second century of Hijrah, who discovered poems of al-Muhalhil, Imru'l-Qays and 'Antara which were written one hundred fifty years before Islam. The Hanged (Mualaqa) poem of Imru'l-Qays was a unique poem to follow up the characteristics of the ancient Arabic poetry's structure, so many papers were written about it. This paper is taking up this Hanged poem in a modern view, focusing on the language and the rhythm which are the basic pillars of the ancient Arabic poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navab is a dissident poet and political thinker. He believes that he has responsibilities in relation to the Arab community and the Arabic governments. The present study is an attempt to study rebellion poem in Arabic Contemporary Literature, Assuming that he is one of the political opposition Arab governments, so in this article we will study poetry which was written in the space of censorship prohibition, repression, imprisonment and torture and has entered the community despite crackdown. Particular method of research is descriptive analytical. The writer's perspective is based on: Subject and content of the poem, is a Motivational and purpose. Also we used deductive and analytical methods, Because Subject paper is the Intellectual, political, and psychological. This study is built the main question; what is the terms and concepts, rebellion poem in poetry navab?. The findings show; 1. Protest and reflection that is illustrator poet suffering, which is imposed the poet for against tyranny and freedom of people; 2. Protest poetry is a reflection of dreams revolutionaries in Iraq and other Arabic countries; 3. Concepts human codes are focused on authoritarian regimes and Arabic revolutions and win them over domineering powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]