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This paper aims to study the performance of the construction sector in Jordan and to investigate the most important factors affecting the growth of the sector, during the period from 1985 to 2018. The study overviews the development of the sector by dividing the study period into three subperiods that reflect the extent to which the sector is affected by the volatile political, economic, and demographic conditions. Moreover, the study applies Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to estimate the impact of some economic variables on the growth of the construction sector in the long run and short run. The results show that there is a direct and positive statistically significant relationship between the bank credit facilities to the construction sector and the number of employees in the construction sector on the growth of the construction sector in the long run and short run, while the real interest rate has insignificant impact on the growth of the construction sector in the long run and short run. The study provides some recommendations, the most prominent of which is the inclusion of the construction sector in the development plans, encouraging and qualifying young people to work in the construction sector, which will be reflected positively on the growth of the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of Arab-Arab alliances at present, and with the circumstances that Arab countries are going through, including economic crises and a state of political instability, not to mention security risks and threats, has become an urgent necessity. Hence, the idea of the "new Levant alliance" between the three countries (Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt), which is important regionally and Arabian, to promote partnership relations and concepts of joint defense, economic integration, and structural stability in the light of balanced cooperative/reciprocal relations among them. And by an approach that is supposed to serve the present and benefit in developing the future to achieve the goals and objectives of these strategic countries . This paper focused on five axes, looking at the features of this alliance and the challenges it will face, in addition to the role of the external factor (international and regional), which varied between supportive or afraid of it. depending on the chronology of the formation of the blocs between the three countries, and the nature of the relations that governed them, leading to the "New Levant Alliance", which can reorganize the relationship between its parties to be able to modify the rules of international and regional relations and policies in the Arab region in particular, and the Middle East in general, in a manner that serves its higher interests and major issues. The paper concluded that Arab-Arab alliances remain a vital issue that has its positives for the Arab people. They are established on correct, logical, and studied foundations to ensure their sustainability. There should be a study and evaluation of these alliances to alert them to the potential risks that they may face. The paper also stressed the need for the three countries to alert the alliance's expansion to include other Arab countries that would strengthen it to achieve continuity. These projects should be linked to the Arab interest and stay away from attaining foreign agendas. Most importantly, the coalition countries should reduce their ties to the United States as the main supporter and ensure independence in making decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an analytical study of four Arabic inscriptions inscribed on a basalt stone uncovered in Wadi Al beh iAlgarbi (the west Al beh i valley), in the Jordanian H arrah (black desert), in northeastern Jordan. The earliest one was written by Juma' ah bin Rajab in 749 AH = AD 1348), the second undated text was inscribed by Salim Bin Shafi', the third was written by a certain Suleiman in 801 AH = AD 1398 and the last one was written by Zakariyya bin Rif at and is dated to 14th of Rajab in 1346 AH=AD 6th January 1928. The inscriptions contain beside personal names, wisdom phrases, Islamic prayers, and the name of two important towns: Damascus and Tayma'. The paper discusses the reason behind the consequence of the inscriptions on the same stone, and sheds light on the valley where they were discovered, which seemingly was a major way linking Syria with northwest Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its establishment in the Jordanian capital in 1991, the "Middle East Studies Center"(MESC) has been keen to achieve its political, cultural, scientific, and media goals. The center's Journal, the "Middle Eastern Studies journal"(MESJ), is essential to achieving these goals. It was published for the first time in 1996. MESJ is the first Journal in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan as a specialized refereed publication. The Journal is concerned with studies, analyses, and reviews related to the dynamic transformations in the Middle East and its future. In addition, the global changes related to the Middle East are under publication interest. This report overviewed the academic materials issued in the Journal and analyzed its content in the series of issues of the Journal; the 100th was published at the beginning of July 2022. The report concluded that the topics of the hundred numbers are divided into seven main axes: Jordanian issues and affairs by 11%, the Palestinian cause by 26%, Arab matters, experiences, and relations by 25%, international issues, positions, and concerns by 10%, regional issues, events and concerns by 6%, Israeli and Zionist events and affairs by 5%, and books and university theses and dissertations for review and bibliography files by 17%. The report recommends that the Journal is in the libraries of Jordanian and Arab official and private universities because it contains research papers, scientific studies, and political, economic, social, and cultural analyses that teachers, students, researchers, and readers have to know. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research is to study the intellectual and political aspects of Abdulhamid Sharaf’s life, and to monitor the intellectual and political controversy in it. The preparation of this research depends on his lectures to the public, articles, interviews and press conferences, and a number of political documents relating to his biography, as well as the testimonies given by his colleagues during his study, or during his diplomatic or political career, were all important sources of this study, and it also benefited on his own papers his family has. This study highlighting the genesis and forming of Abdulhamid Sharaf, monitoring factors influencing his personality formulation, and analyzing the motives behind his belief, or political positions. This research focused on the controversy of thought and politics in the life of Abdulhamid Sharaf, through several topics: Jordanian issues and affairs, the Palestinian issue, Arab issues and affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to identify the reality of free reading in the light of modern technological developments from the point of view of Al Isra University students in Jordan. The study population consisted of (117) students from Al Isra University. The researchers constructed a questionnaire included three domains: The source of free reading, its kind, and its aim. The results of the study revealed that the students of the University of Isra, practicing free reading through the use of modern technology in the three domains at high levels; according to the source of technological reading students used Google browser, WhatsApp, and face book at high level. And the main source for free reading was electronic publications at high level, compared with paper publications. In the domain of free reading kind, the result indicated that the documentations processes in the various paper publications were higher than electronic populations. The results of domain free reading were as follow; social, economic, religious, and political domains and they were at high slandered while the scientific domains were at average level. IN the literary of arts, the results were at high level and different means, the stories came first than non-methodological, poetry, articles, novels. In the domain of free reading the results indicated the aim of the university students from free reading is learning and gaining information of avery high level, while the other aims came at high level and with different means. The Results of the study revealed that there were no statically significant differences at the level of (α=0.05) between the means averages on free reading paragraphs as a whole, and three domains due to the variables: Gender, College, and Academic year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to examine the influence of human capital (HC), measured by value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC), on the return on equity (ROE) of commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) from 2010 to 2015. The sample included 14 commercial banks listed on the ASE, that have disclosure of the salaries and expenses of training the employees. The results of the study were extracted using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 20, to find the values mean, standard deviations and multiple regression analysis. The authors find that HC is one of the most important components of intellectual capital (IC) at a rate of 84.0410%. It referred that there is no statistically significant effect of human capital in evaluating the ROE of commercial banks in Jordan. Based on these findings, researchers recommend that commercial banks increase their interest in human capital, because it is considered asthe main driver of banks' work. The study's findings support investments in intellectual capital as a means for improving the performance of banks in Jordan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like the other economy sectors, the food industry sector in Jordan has witnessed great developments to keep up with the social, economic and demographic developments which took place in the country since its establishments in 1921. From a humble, farm level and home food production aiming to meet the needs of a small subsistence- living population, the food industries have grown to reach the markets of more than 80 countries. The significance of the food industries lies not only in its role in achieving food security, but also in supporting the agricultural sector and alleviating the unemployment problem in the country. The development of the food industries sector was supported by a number of factors over the past century including the food – related legislations, investment policies, infrastructure and the availability of the expert manpower in the area of food processing. Despite the great developments, the sector suffers from a number of shortcomings such as competition from imported goods, high production cost and lack of sufficient governmental support. However, despite all these problems, the sector is growing and continues to add to the national economy through the superior quality of its products and the dedication of the people who work in it. This paper which came to mark the first centennial celebrations of the establishment of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, aims to shed light on the major landmarks in the century- long march of the sector, identify its strengths and weaknesses and present an overview of the trends and opportunities that should be exploited to shape a better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last fifteen years, crop protection in Jordan, mainly focused on the curative control of pests, diseases and weeds particularly after the expansion in the protected agriculture. Although pesticides application has a significant role in increasing agricultural production, the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture created many problems such as negative effects on food-safety, public health, serious environmental hazards, and development of resistance in pest populations. This situation resulted in an increasing the awareness that new approaches in crop protection techniques are needed to achieve sustainable agricultural development. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was the solution to overcome the negative effects of pestcide and sustain the future of agriculture. The IPM concept arose as a strategy to promote new approaches including, agricultural practices, quarantine, biological control of pests, crop resistant, the appropriate use of pesticides, use of organic compounds and other control means. In Jordan, based on the scientific research in the modern approaches that have been studied, the use of integrated pest management to control agricultural pests is commonly used by farmers. The aim of this paper is to review the progress in plant protection since the establishment of Trans Jordan up to the first centenary of the Jordan state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]