Search

The Iraqi National Library and Archive continues its uniqueness in collecting, organizing and preserving Iraqi intellectual productions of all kinds, as it is the institution responsible for performing these tasks, because it includes the National Library first and the National Center for Preserving Documents second. The research aims to study the reality of the house with a focus on the shift towards digitization, as the house includes many sources of information of different types and for several periods and eras in the history of Iraq. Being the national institution responsible for depositing all kinds of Iraqi intellectual production, and it has entrusted the task of issuing the Iraqi national bibliography. Over the course of its establishment, the house was subjected to calamities that made it lose a large number of its assets, the last of which was the US occupation of Iraq in (2003 AD), where the major catastrophe occurred. After that, the management of the house sought to shift towards digital and turned to requesting the help of national governmental, non-governmental and international institutions in order to provide assistance and advice in order to preserve the assets of the house first and then providing the best services to the beneficiaries secondly, and since (2004 AD) the house started the procedures for transferring part of its documentaries and other sources of information on compact discs, and then made it available to the beneficiaries as well as making other types available on the website of Aldar, including its versions of periodicals. One of the results of the research is the weakness of the allocated financial capabilities, which led to the weakness of the structures Infrastructure that helps in the transition procedures towards digitization in advanced stages, he presented some legislation, and among the recommendations is the necessity of having an adequate budget to carry out the tasks of preserving Iraqi intellectual production as well as providing the best services to beneficiaries at the international and national levels. Legal Deposit Section in all forms and in various media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the different points of view of the classical school, the Keynesian school, and the monetary school regarding the velocity of money circulation. It aims to investigate the determinants of money velocity in Iraq for the period from 2005:1- to 2020:4, using the autoregressive distributed lag approach (ARDL Model). The results indicate the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the velocity of money circulation and its determinants. When estimating the parameters, it is found that the GDP growth rate has a positive effect on the velocity of money circulation, and it is the only variable that demonstrates statistical significance. Diagnostic tests were conducted, confirming that the model is free from the problems of serial correlation and heteroscedasticity in the error term, as well as demonstrating the stability of the parameters in the long term relationship between the velocity of money circulation and its explanatory variables. Based on these results, the researcher suggests that it is preferable to use the growth rate of the money supply, rather than interest rates as an indicator for measuring the impact of monetary policy on economic activity in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of Arab-Arab alliances at present, and with the circumstances that Arab countries are going through, including economic crises and a state of political instability, not to mention security risks and threats, has become an urgent necessity. Hence, the idea of the "new Levant alliance" between the three countries (Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt), which is important regionally and Arabian, to promote partnership relations and concepts of joint defense, economic integration, and structural stability in the light of balanced cooperative/reciprocal relations among them. And by an approach that is supposed to serve the present and benefit in developing the future to achieve the goals and objectives of these strategic countries . This paper focused on five axes, looking at the features of this alliance and the challenges it will face, in addition to the role of the external factor (international and regional), which varied between supportive or afraid of it. depending on the chronology of the formation of the blocs between the three countries, and the nature of the relations that governed them, leading to the "New Levant Alliance", which can reorganize the relationship between its parties to be able to modify the rules of international and regional relations and policies in the Arab region in particular, and the Middle East in general, in a manner that serves its higher interests and major issues. The paper concluded that Arab-Arab alliances remain a vital issue that has its positives for the Arab people. They are established on correct, logical, and studied foundations to ensure their sustainability. There should be a study and evaluation of these alliances to alert them to the potential risks that they may face. The paper also stressed the need for the three countries to alert the alliance's expansion to include other Arab countries that would strengthen it to achieve continuity. These projects should be linked to the Arab interest and stay away from attaining foreign agendas. Most importantly, the coalition countries should reduce their ties to the United States as the main supporter and ensure independence in making decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has initiated a study that aims to analyse the metaphorical expressions uttered by Iraqi males towards females‟ metaphors to understand their conceptual meanings. The theoretical assumptions are derived from the Conceptual Metaphor Theory developed by Lakoff and Johnson‟s (2003). To this end, the data were collected at University of Basra about women‟s metaphor in the Iraqi society through a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 12 items in Arabic to capture data in metaphorical expressions about women used by men. The questionnaire was prepared and distributed to students in different colleges and schools in Basra. 425 students in Basra Universities filled the questionnaire. The answers revealed that the metaphors students use are influenced by their way of life, their personal characteristics, their educational background and their feelings towards women in society. The findings of the study recommend that the ideological importance of a metaphor (i.e. the mappings between its source and target domains and its specific lexical encoding) can be better evaluated when investigated comparable to integral or neighbouring domain of experience. Finally, this paper showed the need to consider the contextualisation of metaphor in giving an account of their linguistic, social and cultural imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to analyze and measure the demand function for real money in Iraq according to a multivariate time series framework, using Cointegration tests by Johansen’s Approach and the Error Correction Vector Model (VECM), assuming the interdependence between the determinants of money demand as nonstationary variables. This helped to understand the behavior of the demand for money in Iraq for the period (2004-2020), and to reveal the moral effect among the variables included in the system of the Autoregressive Vector(VAR). The estimation of the function of demand in the long run indicates the low speed of adjustment in getting rid of the imbalance. The Empirical results of the research indicated that the exchange rate, government spending and the general level of prices explain most of the changes in the demand for money in the long run. In the short term, only the exchange rate had a significant effect on the function of demand for money in Iraq, but the rest of the other variables failed to explain the behavior of this function during the short period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the impact of the ethnic group of the Iraqi population on political stability after the change in the system of government in 2003 due to the importance of this structure in the power of the state. The study showed that Iraq includes a group of national and religious ethnicities, and that there is a peaceful coexistence between them. It fulfills all its aspirations, and these ethnicities have an extension with neighboring countries that contributed to external interference and posed a threat to political stability, which necessitates work to solve ethnic problems in Iraq through the formation of permanent committees in the House of Representatives and the political participation of all those ethnicities. The application of administrative decentralization, comprehensive and sustainable development Conducting an accurate population census, spreading the culture and arts of all components of the Iraqi people, and confronting the plans of Western countries and Salafi currents to consecrate the spirit of national, religious and sectarian division with the sole Iraqi discourse in a manner that guarantees the interest of Iraq and the Iraqi people with all its components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the study of Kut Dam system and accompanying projects in regulating the water flow of the Tigris River in southern Iraq is included in the research, as 90 % of the water of the Tigris River revenue was changed into marshes and swamps. The Kut Dam was built for ensuring the flow of the Tigris River in accordance with irrigation requirements through the building of stream regulators branching from Kut Dam, Al-Amarah, and Qal'at Salih (Salih's castle) to manage the expenditures of the streams in times of flood and scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper entitled Erbil a pit stop on james Buckingham journey to Iraq 1816 analytical study we she'd light on Erbil in the eyes of James Buckingham a foreign traveller whom Erbil was an important pit stop in their journey eastwards and into Iraq in particular due to its important geographical site over main and side roads whether terrial or marine as well as its historical monuments that attract voyagers, attention like it's castle,demographic and social structure that amuse travellers This trip contained many details about Erbil, despite the short period of the travelers' presence in the city. Or he was influenced by the evident evidence that attracted his eyes, so he excelled in describing them as describing the castle and the markets. Thus, the traveler in Buckingham left us valuable, focused information, especially as he undertook his trip to Iraq out of adventure and reconnaissance, according to the circumstances and data that surrounded him, which will be clarified in the course of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Other One in the Iraqi Novel " Lalish's Daughters" as an Example This paper tries to investigate the Iraqi novel after the American invasion and ISIS occupation to the Northern Iraq, to portray the Yazidi ego: its struggle and the loss of identity against the other one represented by ISIS (Daesh). The relationship between the ego and the other one in this study is not of that type of binaries such as heritage and modernism, east and west . The novel tells us the pains of the Yazidi ego. It is a witness narrating that period of occupation. The struggle in this novel is not balanced against the question " who am I?" because the other one doesn’t recognize the Yazidi ego. Moreover, the Yazidi ego speech is closed to the Yazidi community and isolated from its surroundings represented by other communities. The novel under investigation represents a good example of Iraqi novel . It is a source of inspiration, a blog to record events and situations that the Yazidi community has undergone. Moreover, it is a portrayal of the Yazidi ideology. It also describes the brutality of the other one against the Yazidi community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi established the caliphate in July 2014 in response to the persecution of Yazidi women and girls, members of the terrorist group ISIS have perpetrated crimes and offenses against humanity. This paper aims at explaining "the persecution of minority women in Iraq after 2014 AD as a case study" the tolerance of Islam and the misunderstanding of legal texts by the leaders and members of the terrorist organization ISIS. It consists of an introduction, two demands, a conclusion, and then recommendations. The first criterion is a declaration of some acts of persecution perpetrated by ISIS members against Yazidi women. The second need is a statement of the valid vision of Yazidi women and girls persecution followed by the study findings and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction of the philosophical reasoning and Aristotelian logic among the Muslims during the Abbasid period in the second and third/eighth and ninth centuries, Muslim theologian began to interpret debates regarding the nature and attributes of God and His relation to man and the universe. Three eminent scholars: al-Maturidi in Central Asia, al-Ash'ari in Iraq, and al-Tahawi in Egypt played a leading role in this context. This paper aims to study the theological work of Abū Manṣūr Al-Hanafī al-Māturīdī titular head of the Māturīdīyah School of Theology. He is considered one of the most important Sunni theologians. He endeavored to reconcile conflicting ideas and settle the theological problems of the time by adopting a system that would satisfy reason and conform to the general tenets of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. He exercised profound and lasting influence on the subsequent development of Muslim philosophy and theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studied the Iraqi attitudes towards Camp David Accords in 1978. This Accord Considers One of the worst agreements that Signed by Egypt and the Zionist in 1978. keeping in mind that Egypt had many wars with Zionists. Egypt was the first Arabian country which faced the Zionist attacks on the Palastinies People Since 1948. The president Jamal Abdul Nasar is the most Nationalist Arabian leader who Stood against the Israeli plans. Iraq ، also ، Considers One of the first Arabian Countries which Supported Egypt in its Policies against the Zionists. The Iraqi - Egyptian relations were very distinguished and featured as very Co-operated until disaster of Egypt when it Signed the Comb David Accords which attacked the Iraqi policy towards Egypt and this accords Contributed in bad relations between Iraq and Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iraq is the best geographical area for US action towards the Gulf region. Iraq has occupied a prominent position in American strategic thinking since the late ninth century. The United States realized that its domination and leadership of the world is not completed without control of Iraq and the plundering of its rich resources, because of their great influence in the balance of power to achieve its long-term, medium and near goals. Also, China is keen to establish friendly relations and cooperation with Iraq as part of its strategy to achieve economic hegemony over the world and change. The present paper analyzed the components of the natural and human components that characterize Iraq to show its geo-economic importance in the US and Chinese strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Other One in the Iraqi Novel " Lalish's Daughters" as an Example This paper tries to investigate the Iraqi novel after the American invasion and ISIS occupation to the Northern Iraq, to portray the Yazidi ego: its struggle and the loss of identity against the other one represented by ISIS (Daesh). The relationship between the ego and the other one in this study is not of that type of binaries such as heritage and modernism, east and west . The novel tells us the pains of the Yazidi ego. It is a witness narrating that period of occupation. The struggle in this novel is not balanced against the question " who am I?" because the other one doesn’t recognize the Yazidi ego. Moreover, the Yazidi ego speech is closed to the Yazidi community and isolated from its surroundings represented by other communities. The novel under investigation represents a good example of Iraqi novel . It is a source of inspiration, a blog to record events and situations that the Yazidi community has undergone. Moreover, it is a portrayal of the Yazidi ideology. It also describes the brutality of the other one against the Yazidi community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]